Effects of Trichoderma viride and copper hydroxide on rhizome rot of ginger

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
AK Tripathi ◽  
AK Singh
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Rhizome Rot

To assess the impact of rhizome rot disease management on growth and yield of ginger a study was carried out. Rhizome treatment with copper hydroxide resulted 86% ginger germination followed by Trichoderma viride which was 81% over local check. The results further revealed that rhizome treatment by copper hydroxide and its soil drenching effectively controlled rhizome rot disease (67%) with reduced disease incidence (4.6%) followed by Trichoderma viride which controlled the disease by 53.5% and reduced the disease incidence to 6.8% over local check. Extension and technology gap was recorded 2.5 and 3.8 t/ha. Raised bed planting, use of Trichoderma viride, disease free seed and rhizome treatment were adopted by 53.3, 26.6, 29.3 and 24% respondents.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Different Fungicides Against Rhizome Rot Disease of Ginger Under Farmer Field Condition in Salyan, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Resham B ◽  
◽  
Amrita P ◽  
Anish P ◽  
Bikash G ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Rhizome Rot

A study was conducted from March to August 2020 to evaluate the effectiveness of different fungicides for the management of rhizome rot disease in ginger. The field experiment was conducted under Randomized Complete Block Design with four replication and five treatments; Carbendazim 50% WP @ 1gm/litre + Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5gm/litre, Metalaxyl 8% WP + Mancozeb 64% WP @ 2gm/litre, Carbendazim 50% WP @ 1gm/litre, Trichoderma viride @ 5gm/litre and control. The height of pseudo stems, leaf number, germination percentage, tiller number, disease incidence, disease severity and percentage of disease control was recorded during field experiment. There was no significant effect of pre sowing rhizome treatment in height of pseudostems, leaf number and germination percentage. The highest tiller number (3.40) was found with Carbendazim 50% WP @1gm/litre + Mancozeb 75% @ 2.5gm/ litre treatment and lowest tillers number (2.95) was found with control. The highest disease incidence (34.37) and severity (30.03) was found in control plot whereas the lowest disease incidence (2.58) and disease severity (2.46) was found with Carbendazim 50% @ 1gm/litre treatment + Mancozeb 75% @ 2.5gm/litre. Similarly, the highest percentage disease control (85.61) was found with Carbendazim 50% @ 1gm/litre + Mancozeb 75% @ 2.5gm/litre treated rhizome and the lowest (54.14) was found with Trichoderma viride @ 5gm/litre treatment. Therefore, seed treatment with Carbendazim 50%WP @ 1gm/litre + Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5 gm/litre is found effective among other fungicides in Bagchaur-3, Salyan and is recommended for enhancing tiller and reducing rhizome rot disease incidence and severity in ginger.

Integrated Management of Root Rot Disease of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) caused by Fusarium solani

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
SK Singh
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Disease Free

Present study the most effective fungicides, plant extract, organic cake and bio-agent were evaluated in different combinations under field conditions for the management of papaya root rot disease. It was observed that there was 81.5% disease incidence in control while the lowest disease incidence (29.60%) was recorded in treatment (T ) (Comprising disease free seedling + mustard 13 cake (10%)+ wild garlic (10%) + dipping of seedlings in thiophanate methyl (0.1%) 30 min.+ soil drenching with thiophanate methyl (0.1%) solution three times (1st at time of transplanting, second at 3rd MAT and third at 5th month after transplanting)+ Soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 50g/plant three times (i.e. 1st at time of transplanting, second at 3rd MAT and third at 5th MAT)+ soil application of Pseudomonas florescence @ 50g/plant three times (i.e. 1st at time of transplanting, second at 3rd MAT and third at 5th MAT). This was followed by treatment T (37.0%), T (40.7%) and T 6 9 5 (44.4%). The effect of different treatments on yield was also studied and the highest fruit yield (1064.67 kg/plot) was obtained from the treatment T followed by treatment T (848.67 kg/plot) and 13 9 T (810.00 kg/plot) over the control T (209.00 kg/plot).

scholarly journals Integrated Disease Management of Tomato Late Blight

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna K. Shrestha ◽  
Richard Ashley
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Over Time

Tomato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a  serious disease of tomato and potato worldwide. The disease causes severe  crop losses in the tomato growing regions of the world. Most of the cultivars  grown in the world are reported to be susceptible to late blight. Systemic  fungicides have been used widely in the past, but the disease has developed  resistance over time. The present study was carried out to minimize  fungicide use through integrated pest management. The bio-pesticides  Azadirachta indica (Neem), Artemisia vulgaris (Mugwort) and Trichoderma  viride were tested along with the fungicides Krilaxyl (metalaxyl 8% and  mancozeb 64%) and Dithane M-45 (mancozeb 80%) in Nepal during 2000  and 2001. All three bio-pesticides were found more effective than the control  in reducing development of the disease and they increased yield over the  control by 17 to 41%. However, the fungicides, Krilaxyl and Dithane M-45  were observed even more effective. Two transplanting dates ie first and third  week of July were tested against late blight in rainy season during 2000and  2001 and observed its effect on yields. Lower disease incidence and better  yield were found in the second planting.  Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 67-76DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11583

Management of rhizome rot disease of ginger using eco-friendly natural products

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basistha Acharya ◽  
Homan Regmi ◽  
Ajit Kumar Ngangbam ◽  
Bijayalakshmi Devi Nongmaithem
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Mixed Product ◽  
Statistical Analysis Tool ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Treated Plot ◽  
Rhizome Rot

Rhizome rot caused by Pythium spp and Fusarium spp is one of the most devastating diseases of ginger in most of the ginger growing areas of the Nepal. Realizing the context for development of alternative control strategies to reduce dependency on synthetic fungicides, a field experiment on management of rhizome rot disease of ginger using eco-friendly natural products was conducted at GRP, Kapurkot, Salyan during 2012/2013. Fresh and fermented extract of Artemesia vulgaris Linn (Titepati), Urtica dioica (Sisnoo), Zanthoxylumarmatum DC. (Timbur), Allium cepa L., (Onion), Allium sativum L. (Garlic), Capsicum annuum L. (Chili), Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacoo) along with Jeevatu (a mixed product of beneficial microbes) and biofit were tested in the experiment. Experiment was conducted in the naturally inoculated sick plot in RCB design with eight treatments replicated thrice. Each experimental plot area was 3m x1.5m (4.5m2). Observation on plant number, tiller clump-1, plant height, disease incidence, fresh rhizome yield, disease rhizome yield andmother rhizome yield were recorded and evaluated using statistical analysis tool MSTAT-C. Fresh rhizome yield for all the treatments were found lower than national average. Jeevatu (5%) treated plot had highest fresh rhizome yield (7.70 m t ha 1) followed by (onion+garlic+chili) + urine (1:3) fermented extract (4.88 mt ha 1). Similarly, rhizome rot scale (1.66), disease incidence (41.96%) and the diseased rhizome yield (0.74 mt ha 1) was shown least on jeevatu treated plot. Highest disease rhizome yield (2.37 mt ha 1) was obtained in the treatment titepati + urine (1:2) fermented extract followed by control(2.07 mt ha 1).

scholarly journals Microbial inoculants and Trichoderma viride consortia for growth promotion and disease management in ginger

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
T R Haritha ◽  
K S Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Compatibility Studies ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Rhizome Rot ◽  
Better Than

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of microbial inoculants consortia on ginger under field conditions. Three biofertilizers comprising of Azospirillum lipoferum (nitrogen fixer KAU-AZO), Bacillus megaterium (phosphate solubilizer KAU-PSB), Bacillus sporothermodurans (potash solubilizer KAU-KSB) and two biocontrol agents namely, Pseudomonas fluorescen (KAU-PF) and Trichoderma viride (KAU-TV) were used in the study. Compatibility studies revealed that all the isolates were compatible with each other. However, P. fluorescens and T. viride were incompatible with each other under in vitro. Under field evaluation, consortia of microbial inoculants performed better than the single inoculants in terms of yield and disease management. The organic Adhoc package recorded the minimum incidence of rhizome rot (2.09 %) among all the treatments. However, KAU-AZO + KAU-PSB + KAU-KSB + KAU-TV recorded the minimum rhizome rot (5.23%) incidence among the consortia. In the case of Rhizoctonia leaf blight disease, consortia of KAU-AZO + KAU-PSB + KAU-KSB + KAU-PF showed the minimum incidence (5.21%). In general, consortium of A. lipoferum, B. megaterium (PSB), B. sporothermodurans (KSB) and T. viride was the most efficient for plant growth promotion and disease management in ginger.

scholarly journals Development of Technology and Popularization of Biological Control Agents for Integrated Management of Coconut Leaf Rot Disease*

CORD ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
N. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Leaf Rot

Coconut is an important social crop of livelihood concern for millions of small- medium farmers. Leaf rot disease (due to a fungal complex-Colletotrichum gloeosoprioides, Exserohilum rostratum and Fusarium solani as major pathogens), in association with root (wilt), is a major problem of coconut in southern districts of Kerala besides certain districts in Tamil Nadu etc. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI) has evolved biological control technology for integrated management of leaf rot to improve the health of disease affected palms. Application of biocontrol agents in the disease affected areas was aimed for creation of widespread awareness on eco-friendly disease management, crop sustenance and in realizing human resource potential. Effective strains of biocontrol agents-Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viride-were evolved, their multiplications in media including coconut water standardized and the antagonists’ processed into bioformulations (totally 2000 Kg. talc formulations evolved distributed/utilized). Coconut gardens and rural groups in various districts of southern Kerala (Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Pathanamthitta, Kottayam, Idukki, Ernakulam and Thrissur), various blocks in Theni district besides specified blocks in Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu could be selected. Through effective contacts with extension-developmental agencies, coconut Research & Development (R&D) meetings etc. reached out to rural people and implemented the technology of mass production-use of biological control agents, and knowledge imparted to rural people. Conducted trainings and allied programmes by on-campus trainings (396 beneficiaries), off-campus trainings (1854 beneficiaries), household/field contacts of rural people (689 beneficiaries) and other awareness programmes encompassing lectures, interfaces etc. (661 beneficiaries) and enlightened women, rural people, youths etc. representing various locations (totally 3600 beneficiaries in three years). Field demonstrations of disease management with biological control agents in coconut gardens (55 units) besides clusters-compact gardens (1850 coconut palms) were also done. Also, promotional materials were made available to various stakeholders. An innovative participatory programme implementation approach for technology transfer was the outcome of the work. Creation of widespread awareness, percolation of knowledge on biocontrol agents to women and other rural people could be visualized that would go a long way.

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN SISWA TENTANG PERILAKU SEKS BEBAS DI SMA/SMK KOTA LUBUKLINGGAU TAHUN 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rini Mayasari Rini Mayasari
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Sex Behavior ◽  
School Class ◽  
Sufficient Knowledge ◽  
High School Class ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Free

ABSTRACT   Free sex is a relationship that is done by men and women without matrimony. Various forms of sexual behavior, such as intimate dating, courtship, to have sexual contact. Factors associated with sex behavior among others, is the lack of knowledge about free sex, free sex impact, forms of promiscuity, perversion LGBT, and disease-free sex. This study design is the technique of sampling using quantitative indirectly using a questionnaire tools shaped questionnaires. Be knew overview of students' knowledge about sex in high school / vocational Lubuk Linggau Year 2016. The study population was high school class XII students in schools in the city Lubuklingga 2016. The sample in this study is the high school class XII students in 9 schools there in Lubuklinggau of 167 people. Results of univariate analysis showed respondent knowledge about free sex amounted to 48 people (28,74%), students with sufficient knowledge of 54 people (32,33%), and students with less knowledge of 65 people (38, 93%). Students with a good knowledge about the impact of free sex amounted to 57 (34,13%), students with sufficient knowledge of 69 people (41,31%), and students with less knowledge 41 (24,56%). Students with a good knowledge about the form of free sex amounted to 58 students (34,73%), students with sufficient knowledge totaled 49 peoples (29,34%), and students with less knowledge of 60 people (35,93%). Students with a good knowledge about LGBT amounted to 54 (32,34%), students with sufficient knowledge amounted to 68 peoples (40.71%), and students with less knowledge amounted 45 peoples (26,95%). Students with a good knowledge about the disease free sex amounted to 22 peoples (13,17%), students with sufficient knowledge of 39 peoples (23,35%), and students with less knowledge amounted to 106 peoples (63,48%).     ABSTRAK   Seks bebas merupakan hubungan yang dilakukan oleh laki-laki dan perempuan tanpa adanya ikatan perkawinan. Berbagai bentuk tingkah laku seksual, seperti berkencan intim, bercumbu, sampai melakukan kontak seksual. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku seks bebas antara lain adalah kurangnya pengetahuan tentang seks bebas, dampak seks bebas, bentuk-bentuk seks bebas, penyimpangan LGBT, dan penyakit seks bebas. Desain penelitian ini adalah teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik kuantitatif yaitu secara tidak langsung menggunakan alat bantu angket berbentuk kuisener. Di ketahuinya gambaran pengetahuan siswa tentang seks bebas di SMA/SMK Kota Lubuk Linggau Tahun 2016. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII SMA di sekolah yang ada di Kota Lubuklingga tahun 2016. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII SMA di 9 sekolah yang ada di Kota Lubuklinggau yang berjumlah 167 orang. Hasil analisis univariat menunjukan respondent pengetahuan tentang seks bebas berjumlah 48 orang (28,74%), siswa dengan pengetahuan cukup 54 orang (32,33%), dan siswa dengan pengetahuan kurang 65 orang (38,93%). Siswa dengan pengetahuan baik tentang dampak perilaku seks bebas berjumlah 57 orang (34,13%), siswa dengan pengetahuan cukup 69 orang (41,31%), dan siswa dengan pengetahuan kurang 41 orang (24, 56%). Siswa dengan pengetahuan baik tentang bentuk perilaku seks bebas  berjumlah 58 siswa (34,73%), siswa dengan pengetahuan cukup  berjumlah 49orang (29,34%), dan siswa dengan pengetahuan kurang berjumlah 60 orang  (35,93%). Siswa dengan  pengetahuan baik tentang LGBT berjumlah 54 orang (32,34%), siswa dengan pengetahuan cukup berjumlah 68 orang (40,71%), dan siswa dengan  pengetahuan kurang berjumlah 45orang (26,95%). Siswa dengan pengetahuan baik tentang penyakit seks bebas berjumlah 22 orang (13,17%), siswa dengan pengetahuan cukup 39 orang (23,35%), dan siswa dengan pengetahuan kurang berjumlah 106 orang (63,48%).  

INFLUENCE OF GREENHOUSE SHADING AND DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ALLEVIATING HEAT STRESS, IMPROVING PLANT NUTRIENTS STATUS, FLOWERING GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1014
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
The Impact

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate the impact of the shading and various nutrition programs on mitigating heat stress, reducing the use of chemical minerals, improving the reproductive growth and yield of tomato plant. Split-plot within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in this study. Shading factor was allocated in the main plots and the nutrition programs distributed randomly in the subplots. Results indicate that shading resulted in the decrease of daytime temperature by 5.7˚C as an average for both seasons; thus a significant increasing was found in leaf contents of macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium), and micro nutrients (Iron, Zinc and Boron), except the Iron content in 2018 growing season. Furthermore, shading improved significantly the reproductive growth and tomato yield. Among the plant nutrition programs, the integrated nutrient management (INM) including the application of organic substances, bio inoculum of AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers; lead to the enhancement of nutrients content, reproductive characteristics and plant yield. Generally, combination of both shading and INM showed positive effects on plants nutrient status and persisting balance on tomato flowering growth and fruits yield.

scholarly journals 545. The Impact of COVID-19 on African Americans’ Health Attitudes and Information Seeking Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S338-S339
Author(s):  
Katherine Kricorian ◽  
Ozlem Equils ◽  
Karin Kricorian ◽  
Brianna Rochebrun
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Family Members ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Health Attitudes ◽  
Health News ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Science And Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background African-Americans suffer a disproportionate impact from COVID-19, comprising about 24% of deaths while representing 13% of the US population. We conducted a study to understand COVID-19’s impact on African-Americans’ health attitudes. Methods In April 2020, we surveyed online a national sample of US adults on their health attitudes and behaviors before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Comparisons were analyzed using chi-squared tests. Results A total of 2,544 individuals completed the survey: 473 African-Americans, 282 Hispanics and 1,799 Caucasians responded. The mean ages of each group were 41.4 ± 11 years, 38.0 ± 11 years and 45.7 ± 13 years, respectively. Before COVID-19, African-Americans were least likely to report they had trust in science (53% vs. 68% for Hispanics and 77% for Caucasians; p< .01) and government (16% vs. 27% and 28%; p< .01). After COVID-19, the percentage of African-Americans who had trust in science and government fell further to 44% (p< .01) and 9% (p< .01), respectively, and remained significantly lower than the other two groups. Twice as many African-Americans vs. Caucasians stopped following science and health news after COVID-19 (9% vs. 4%, p< .01). The percentage of African-Americans who reported anxiety about their health rose from 30% pre-COVID to 53% after the outbreak (p< .01), and the percentage who reported anxiety about their family members’ health rose from 35% to 61% (p< .01). Only 25% of African-Americans surveyed agreed that if they contracted COVID-19, they were confident they would get the healthcare needed. Conclusion After COVID-19, African-Americans’ trust in science and government fell and a meaningful percentage stopped following science and health news, possibly reducing access to important health information. The percentage of African-Americans reporting anxiety about the future, about their health and about their family members’ health all increased significantly after COVID-19. Only a minority of African-Americans agreed they would get the needed healthcare if they contracted COVID-19. These findings have implications for the mental health and behavioral impacts of COVID-19 on African-Americans and for the development of health communications to high-disease-incidence populations. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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