scholarly journals Disaster management strategies and relation of good governance for the coastal Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-279
Author(s):  
Prabal Barua ◽  
◽  
Abhijit Mitra ◽  
Saeid Eslamian ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Management Policies

Although Bangladesh’s immense steps in preparing the disaster management policies following the values of good governance issue, the quantity to which these policies have productively been executing at the local level remnants mostly unknown. The objectives of this investigation were dual: firstly, to inspect the roles and efficiency of the local-level governance and disaster management organization, and lastly, to recognize the obstacles to the execution of national the policies and Disaster-Risk-Reduction guidelines at the local community level. The authors applied qualitative research and case Study approach, using techniques from the Participatory Rural Appraisal toolbox to collect data from local community members as well as government and NGO officials. From the finding of the study, it was revealed that interactive disaster governance, decentralization of disaster management, and compliance by local-level institutions with good governance principles and national policy guidelines can be extremely effective in reducing disaster-loss and damages. According to coastal community members, the local governments have generally failed to uphold good governance principles, and triangulated data confirm that the region at large suffers from rampant corruption, political favoritism, lack of transparency and accountability and minimal inclusion of local inhabitants in decision-making – all of which have severely impeded the successful implementation of national disaster-management policies. This study contributes to these research gaps, with identification of further research agenda in these areas. The paper deals with International Sendai Framework that called for enhancement of local level community resilience to disasters. Thus, it contributes to numerous policy and practice areas relating to good disaster governance. The study identified the specific manifestations of these failures in coastal communities in Bangladesh. These results underscore the vital need to address the wide gap between national DRR goals and the on-the-ground realities of policy implementation to successfully enhance the country’s resilience to climate change-induced disasters.

scholarly journals Strengthening Local Democracy or Neo-Liberal Conversions? New Local Governmental Legislation in Turkey

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Ayten Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
Local Citizenship ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
Transformation Processes

Among numerous transformation processes of the globalized neo-liberal era, governmental restructuring and decentralisation of the State have been distinctive and prevalent features, particularly in the countries characterized by highly centralised traditions. This transformation has resulted in rather complex and contradictory reforms at the local level: On the one hand, local community members have begun to be seen as ‘customers’ instead of citizens. But on the other hand, local autonomy and subsidiarity have gained more importance than before. In parallel with the redefinition of local identities, differences, local potentials and decision-making processes, the emphasis on local citizenship and local democracy has become sharper. After coming into force, the new Turkish (local) governmental legislation (2004-2006) has cloven these paradoxical processes and relations. This paper aims to question how far these paradoxes are embedded in the new legislation, and whether, in these circumstances, ‘governmental decentralisation’ directly connotes ‘the empowerment of local governments and local communities’. Keywords: • Turkish Local Governmental System • (Local) Governmental Restructuring • Local Democracy • Neo-liberalism

Good governance and local level policy implementation for disaster-risk-reduction: actual, perceptual and contested perspectives in coastal communities in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salim Uddin ◽  
C. Emdad Haque ◽  
Mohammad Nuruzzaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Disaster

PurposeDespite Bangladesh's great strides in formulating disaster management policies following the principles of good governance, the degree to which these policies have successfully been implemented at the local level remains largely unknown. The objectives of this study were two-fold: (1) to examine the roles and effectiveness of local-level governance and disaster management institutions, and (2) to identify barriers to the implementation of national policies and Disaster-Risk-Reduction (DRR) guidelines at the local community level.Design/methodology/approachBetween January 2014 and June 2015 we carried out an empirical investigation in two coastal communities in Bangladesh. We employed a qualitative research and Case Study approach, using techniques from the Participatory Rural Appraisal toolbox to collect data from local community members as well as government and NGO officials.FindingsOur study revealed that interactive disaster governance, decentralization of disaster management, and compliance by local-level institutions with good governance principles and national policy guidelines can be extremely effective in reducing disaster-loss and damages. According to coastal community members, the local governments have generally failed to uphold good governance principles, and triangulated data confirm that the region at large suffers from rampant corruption, political favoritism, lack of transparency and accountability and minimal inclusion of local inhabitants in decision-making – all of which have severely impeded the successful implementation of national disaster-management policies.Research limitations/implicationsWhile considerable research on good governance has been pursued, our understanding of good disaster governance and their criteria is still poor. In addition, although numerous national disaster management policy and good governance initiatives have been taken in Bangladesh, like many other developing countries, the nature and extent of their local level implementation are not well known. This study contributes to these research gaps, with identification of further research agenda in these areas.Practical implicationsThe study focuses on good disaster governance and management issues and practices, their strengths and limitations in the context of cyclone and storm surges along coastal Bangladesh. It offers specific good disaster governance criteria for improving multi-level successful implementation. The paper deals with International Sendai Framework that called for enhancement of local level community resilience to disasters. Thus, it contributes to numerous policy and practice areas relating to good disaster governance.Social implicationsGood disaster governance would benefit not only from future disaster losses but also from improved prevention and mitigation of natural hazards impact, benefiting society at large. Improvement in knowledge and practice in disaster-risk-reduction through good governance and effective management would ensure local community development and human wellbeing at the national level.Originality/valueThe failure of local-level government institutions to effectively implement national disaster management and resilience-building policies is largely attributable to a lack of financial and human resources, rampant corruption, a lack of accountability and transparency and the exclusion of local inhabitants from decision-making processes. Our study identified the specific manifestations of these failures in coastal communities in Bangladesh. These results underscore the vital need to address the wide gap between national DRR goals and the on-the-ground realities of policy implementation to successfully enhance the country's resilience to climate change-induced disasters.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) DALAM KERANGKA GOOD LOCAL GOVERNANCE (Studi Kasus Pelaksanaan MSH-CSR Di Kabupaten Kutai Timur)

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryan To
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Corporate Social

The purpose of decentralization is to improve the welfare of local communities, public services, and regional competitiveness mandated by Law 32/2004 on Regional Government. However, in the context of good local governance, a task of achieving the public welfare is not only carried out by local governments, but also supported by two other pillars in good governance, the business community and civil society at the local level. Thus, in terms of good corporate governance, it is known as corporate social responsibility (CSR), a form of corporate responsibility to the local community. The experience of the East Kutai Regency - East Kalimantan is an inspiration for other regions to initiate the formation of multi-stakeholder corporate social responsibility (CSRMSH). Keywords: decentralization, public welfare, corporate social responsibility, good corporate governanceTujuan desentralisasi adalah untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, meningkatkan pelayanan publik, dan meningkatkan daya saing daerah. Hal ini merupakan amanat yang tertuang dalam UU No. 32 Tahun 2004tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Kendatipun demikian, dalam konteks kepemerintahan daerah yang baik/good local governance (GLG), tugas dankewajiban peningkatan kesejahteraan tersebut bukan hanya menjadi tugas pemerintah daerah, tetapi juga menjadi tugas dua pilar lain yakni kalangan dunia usaha dan masyarakat madani di tingkat lokal. Karenanya, dalam konteks pengelolaan perusahaan yang baik yang dikenal istilah tanggung jawab social perusahaan atau Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dalam bentuk pertanggungjawaban sosial perusahaan kepada masyarakat lokal di sekitar peruahaan. Pengalaman Kabupaten Kutai Timur - Provinsi Kalimantan Timur merupakan inspirasi bagi kabupaten lainnya dalam menginisiasi terbentuknya forum multistakeholder CSR (MSH-CSR).Kata Kunci : otonomi daerah, tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan, pengelolaan perusahaan yang baik.

scholarly journals Integration of the Urban Local Bodies for Disaster Mitigation in Aizawl City

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Malsawmi Pachuau
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The People ◽  
Post Disaster

Local government plays an integral part in the mechanism of Disaster Management in Mizoram. The local bodies are the direct representatives of the local community and the local community places their full trust in them. Post disaster measures such as mock drills, training of search and rescue teams, physical and economic relief and rehabilitation are not something new to us, yet the aspect of disaster mitigation is something which has not bred familiarity among the Mizos. The need for sensitization of the public on the importance of Disaster Mitigation is a necessity. The saying ‘Earthquakes do not kill people; buildings do’ is pertinent in urban areas. Urban areas are congested and more prone to disasters. High rise buildings, squatter settlements due to high densities and low availability of land has endangered not just the lives of the public but has also caused a massive disturbance of the ecological system. The paper covers certain Acts and Regulations of the Aizawl Municipal Corporation dealing with structural mitigation and the detection of illegal construction, unsafe buildings, and encroachments on municipal and public properties. At the local level, the councillors are involved in making, unmaking and carrying out these rules and regulations, with direct bearing on the local people. The paper also gives an account of the need of reimplementation to generate awareness, knowledge and education on Disaster Management to the people of Mizoram.

scholarly journals Implementasi Kebijakan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah di Kota Sukabumi

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Nabila Rahma Silmi ◽  
Tuah Nur ◽  
Dian Purwanti
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Public ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Implementation Policy ◽  
Management Policies

The purpose of this research is to find out the implementation of regional disaster management policies in Sukabumi City and to find out the inhibiting and supporting factors of the successful implementation of regional disaster management policies. This research method uses descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the implementation of regional disaster management policies was not optimal. The conclusion is that the socialization activities are still lacking and equitable, human resources and infrastructure have not been added yet. The inhibiting factors are in terms of institutional, apparatus discipline, budget, resources, facilities and environment that are less conducive. Supporting factors are the existence of regulations or regulations on disaster management. for communication carried out by BPBD Sukabumi City in carrying out socialization activities or training on disaster management to the public is still lacking and uneven. Keywords: Implementation, Policy, Disaster Management.

scholarly journals Issues of Local Significance on Preventive Work with People Exposed to the Ideology of Terrorism in Ethnic Communities in the Flows of Labor Migrants

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Aleksei Ivanovich Levin ◽  
Lyudmila Viktorovna Levina ◽  
Natalya Vladimirovna Grevtseva
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
General Complex ◽  
Illegal Activities

The present study considers the issues of organiza-tion of activities aimed at prevention of manifesta-tions of extremism and terrorism among migrant workers by local governments. The tasks assigned to local authorities are determined by national policy priorities and the local operational situation. There are specified a number of social effects that arise as a result of the influx of migrants, especially in the labor sphere. It is also noted that labor migrants may, under certain circumstances, become dissemi-nators of extremism and terrorism ideology. Special attention is paid to the processes of involvement of migrants from Central Asia in illegal activities. In connection with the above stated circumstances, there are determined complex tasks concerning pre-vention of extremism manifestations in places of compact settlement of migrants, as well as the tasks of interdepartmental interaction, general, complex and additional preventive activities, targeted work with certain individuals. In conclusion it is empha-sized that competent preventive work with labor migrants and the local community will allow to maintain peaceful interaction between different con-fessions and nationalities within a municipality.

scholarly journals Institutional design for collective and holistic political leadership

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Torfing ◽  
Eva Sørensen ◽  
Tina Ollgaard Bentzen
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policy Solutions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study and assess the content, functioning and impact of institutional reforms aiming to enhance collective and holistic political leadership at the level of local government. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct a comparative case study of two Danish frontrunner municipalities drawing on relevant documents and qualitative interviews with both elected politicians and public administrators. Findings The authors found that institutional design is effective in promoting collective and holistic political leadership at the local level, even if no formal design options are available and the municipalities have to invent their own designs. Support both from both councilors and administrators is paramount for successful implementation of local political leadership reforms. Research limitations/implications Due to the purposive selection of a limited number of cases, the findings cannot be generalized to the population from which the cases are drawn. However, other municipalities may learn from and become inspired by the positive impact of the new institutional designs on collective and holistic political leadership. Practical implications Whereas some institutional political leadership reforms aim to enhance the power of the mayor and other reforms aim to create a cabinet or a committee system, the reforms the authors are studying aim to create a space for local councilors to work together across party and sector lines in creating collective and holistic policy solutions. The study shows that it is crucial that local councilors are involved in cross-boundary agenda setting before developing policies in standing committees and endorsing them in the council assembly. Social implications There is a large amount of more or less wicked problems that require the formulation and implementation of innovative policy solutions, which, in turn, call for a clear and determined political leadership. However, local politicians typically suffer from decoupling and tunnel vision. The results show that these problems can be solved through new institutional designs that promote a more collective and holistic political leadership that can take the local community forward. Originality/value Few studies have hitherto addressed the need for institutional reforms enabling collective and holistic political leadership through both theoretical and empirical analyses, but that is exactly what the authors try to accomplish.

Commissioning Healthcare in England

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Risk ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Clinical Engagement

This book brings together selected research on commissioning healthcare in the English NHS carried out by national policy research unit in commissioning and the healthcare system (PRUComm) between 2011 and 2018. PRUComm is funded by the English Department of Health’s Policy Research Programme. The bookexplores the changes to commissioning in the English NHS quasi market introduced by the Health and Social Care Act 2012 (HSCA 2012). It focuses on threemain areas: first, the development and operation of the newly formed commissioning bodies named Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) which were supposed to increase clinical engagement; secondly, technical aspects of commissioning being the use of competition and cooperation by CCGs to commission care in the HSCA 2012 regulatory context encouraging competition,and the allocation of financial risk through contracts between commissioners and providers of care (including new forms of contract such as alliances); and thirdly the reorganisation of the commissioning of public health services.The research demonstrates that the HSCA 2012 has had the effect of fragmenting commissioning responsibilities and in the process impaired good governance and strong accountability of commissioners. It shows how the use of market mechanisms has declined despite the pro competition regulatory regime of the HSCA 2012, and that more cooperative processes are used at local level to reconfigure health services. It concludes that strategic planning and monitoring of services will always be essential for the English NHS, whether the term ‘commissioning’ is used to describe these activities or not in the future.

scholarly journals Participatory Budget as a Tool Supporting the Development of Civil Society in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79
Author(s):  
Jarosław Kempa ◽  
Artur Roland Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Participatory Budget ◽  
The Town

AbstractAlthough three decades have passed since the fall of communism in Poland, the observed level of social activity in the country is relatively low. Participatory budget emerged as an idea to increase the involvement of citizens in decision-making processes concerning their immediate surroundings. In addition to their inclusion in the activity of local government, this form of citizen participation is expected to have a positive impact on residents’ involvement in activities for the benefit of the local community. The aim of this article is to indicate the conditions that influenced the implementation of the idea of the first participatory budget in Poland and emphasizing the importance of the civic budget in managing public administration through partial decentralization involving local communities in social dialogue for local investment initiatives, especially in large provincial cities in Poland. The following research question was adopted in the paper: has the introduction of a participatory budget in Poland increased social activity and has it been conducive to the development of civil society. In Poland, the initiative to create a civic budget met good political conditions in the relatively small city of Sopot, which had the resources to implement the project. After successful implementation, this initiative was relatively quickly adopted by other Polish local governments, which then on their own introduced social consultations called the civic budget. Not all poviats introduced the civic budget of their own volition. The government, seeing the possibility of political discounting of this new solution, decided to introduce a mandatory participatory budget in town counties and ordered the allocation of funds from their budgets, no less than 1 % of budget expenditure. The article relies on the case-study method, comparative analysis and trend analysis, qualitative and quantitative methods of description, document analysis and statistical data. The analysis focuses on the town of Sopot and provincial capitals. Local conditions are important for understanding the processes of shaping active civic attitudes in Poland, because cities are the poles of development of civil society and give impetus to innovative changes in the entire socio-economic system. The materials used in the article include reports, documents and legal acts regarding the functioning of the town of Sopot.The study showed that the participatory budget indeed activates the local community around various projects. At the same time, the question of directly translating this activity into an increase in the number of organizations, associations and foundations remains debatable. The introduction of the participatory budget to administrative management practice in local-government units in Poland should be considered in terms of the soft power impact of administration on the shaping and development of civil society, which is still in the development stage in Poland.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Local Participation in Community Forestry: The Case of Tinto and Bimbia-Bonadikombo Community Forest, Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Mbunya Francis Nkemnyi
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Feedback Systems ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Theoretical Formulation ◽  
Local Participation ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Participatory Policy

<p><em>Local participation in forest management remains a fundamental challenge to be solved despite the growing political and academic interest in participatory management. This study analyzed how community forestry implementation in Cameroon has affected the participation of local people using two case studies. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were the main methods in data collection. The main findings revealed that majority of local community members (73.3%) were less informed of the purpose of community forestry. This limited participatory efforts in the implementation process. The creation and management process of the community forests were more focused on engaging influential actors rather than enabling social justice as proposed by the legislation. Marginalization of local community members, which community forestry was created to resolve was still evident. This study argues that although participatory policies are usually designed to benefit the less privileged, the outcomes most often do not match the purpose. There is need for participatory policy debates and development to go beyond theoretical formulation to crafting mechanisms and feedback systems that could ensure successful implementation and follow up. </em></p>

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