scholarly journals Calcium and linoleic acid supplements in the prevention of pre-eclampsia.

2016 ◽  
pp. 68-68
Author(s):  
Leonelo E Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Crude Analysis ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Alzate et al.1, conducted a nested case-control study to (quote) “estimate the protective effect from calcium [supplement] alone [CC], compared to calcium plus conjugated linoleic acid [CC+CLA] in nulliparous women at risk of preeclampsia”. Based on a crude analysis of the data in Table 3,1 they concluded that neither CC nor CC+CLA reduced the risk of preeclampsia in the whole sample, but that CC+CLA significantly decreased risk among women 13-18 years old. A quick look analysis of the data in this table shows this conclusion is mostly based on the fact that none of the cases in 13-18 year old women was treated with CC+CLA. Contrary to the authors’ interpretation, this does not point to a protective effect of CC+CLA, it simply indicates that the assumption of positivity has being violated and, consequently, that an effect for this age group cannot be estimated2. In fact, the probability of getting no treated cases in this age-group was 28%, since only 15.5% of all women received CC+CLA. Also, accurate estimates of effect in women 34-45 years old were not possible, because there were only seven women who used CC+CLA in this age group. In spite of the limited sample size, the authors restricted their attention to the apparent protective effect of CC+CLA in 13-19 year old women, while ignoring apparent harmful effects in older women. I estimated age-specific rate ratios (RR) by fitting a saturated conditional complementary log-log3 to the data in Table 3 and found that CC+CLA was protective among women 13-19 (RR= 0.61, 95% CI: 0.41- 0.90), but harmful in women 19-34 (RR= 1.74, 95% CI: 1.21- 2.50) and 35-45 years old (RR= 4.98, 95% CI= 1.74-14.30). Of course, this approach is an improvement over a naive crude analysis, but does not solve the problem of violation and near violation of positivity described above. An overall age-adjusted RR was 1.02 (95% CI= 0.89-1.17; p= 0.756). Thus, this study provides no evidence of a beneficial effect of CC+CLA in preventing preeclampsia in any age group.

scholarly journals Preeclampsia prevention: a case-control study nested in a cohort

2015 ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Alzate ◽  
Rodolfo Herrera ◽  
Lucia Maracelly Pineda
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Preventive Effects ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is the main complication of pregnancy in developing countries. Calcium starting at 14 weeks of pregnancy is indicated to prevent the disease. Recent advances in prevention of preeclampsia endorse the addition of conjugated linoleic acid. Objective: To estimate the protective effect from calcium alone, compared to calcium plus conjugated linoleic acid in nulliparous women at risk of preeclampsia. Methods: A case-control design nested in the cohort of nulliparous women attending antenatal care from 2010 to 2014. The clinical histories of 387 cases of preeclampsia were compared with 1,054 normotensive controls. The exposure was prescriptions for calcium alone, the first period, or calcium plus conjugated linoleic acid, the second period, from 12 to 16 weeks of gestational age to labor. Confounding variables were controlled, allowing only nulliparous women into the study and stratifying by age, education and ethnic group. Results: The average age was 26.4 yrs old (range= 13-45), 85% from mixed ethnic backgrounds and with high school education. There were no differences between women who received calcium carbonate and those who did not (OR= 0.96; 95% CI= 0.73-1.27). The group of adolescents (13 to 18 years old) in the calcium plus conjugated linoleic acid was protected for preeclampsia (OR= 0.00; 95% CI= 0.00-0.44) independent of the confounder variables. Conclusions: 1. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy did not have preventive effects on preeclampsia. 2. Calcium plus Conjugated Linoleic acid provided to adolescents was observed to have preventive effect on Preeclampsia.

A Prospective Study of Selenium Concentration and Risk of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Iranian Women: a Nested Case–Control Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyede Zahra Ghaemi ◽  
Sedighe Forouhari ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh ◽  
Mehrab Sayadi ◽  
Marzieh Bakhshayeshkaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

scholarly journals Association between risk of preeclampsia and maternal plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide in second trimester and at the time of delivery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Huang ◽  
Zuodong Li ◽  
Zhou Gao ◽  
Dapeng Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Abstract Background: The data on the association between the microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia (PE) is limited. Methods: We, therefore, conducted a prospective nested case control study during Sep 2017 to Dec 2018 to examine the association between plasma TMAO measured during pregnancy and the risk of PE. Total of 17 patients diagnosed with EOPE (early onset PE), 49 with LOPE (late onset PE) and 198 healthy controls were enrolled. Blood samples were collected at 15-23 gestational weeks and time at delivery. The Logistic regression model was used to assess the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for TMAO and risk of PE, EOPE, LOPE, mild PE, and severe PE. Results: We found that the mean TMAO levels of overall subjects in the second trimester (T2) and at the time of delivery (TD) were 90.39 µg/m 3 (SD=45.91) and 175.01 µg/m 3 (SD=160.97), respectively. No significant spearman correlation was found between the TMAO in those two periods ( p > 0.05). T2 TMAO was not significantly associated with risk of PE or risk of any PE subtypes ( p >0.05). However, TD TMAO was significant associated with risk of PE, EOPE and severe PE (adjusted OR and 95%CI were 1.24(1.09, 1.40), 1.62(1.29, 2.03), and 1.41(1.17, 1.70)) per 50µg/m 3 increment, respectively). Conclusion: Our study found that plasma TMAO level would alter over the course of pregnancy. The major role of TMAO in PE development might be in the accelerating process not in the initiation.

Abstract P013: N-6 And N-3 Fatty Acid Cholesteryl Esters In Relation To Fatal Chd In A Dutch Adult Population: A Nested Case-control Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette de Goede ◽  
WM Monique Verschuren ◽  
Jolanda MA Boer ◽  
Lisa DM Verberne ◽  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Control Study

Aim: Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are inversely related to coronary heart disease (CHD) in epidemiological studies. We examined the associations of plasma n-6 and n-3 PUFA in cholesteryl esters with fatal CHD in a nested case-control study. Methods We used data from two population-based cohort studies in Dutch adults aged 20-65 years. Blood sampling and data collection took place from 1987–1997 and subjects were followed for 8–19 years. We identified 279 incident cases of fatal CHD (235 fatal myocardial infarctions and 44 cardiac arrests) and randomly selected 279 controls, matched on age, gender, and enrollment date. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated per standard deviation (SD) increase of fatty acids in cholesteryl esters using multivariable conditional logistic regression models. Results After adjustment for confounders, the OR (95% CI) for fatal CHD per SD increase in plasma linoleic acid was 0.89 (0.74-1.06). Additional adjustment for plasma total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure attenuated this association (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.78–1.15). Plasma arachidonic acid was not associated with fatal CHD (OR per SD: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.92-1.35). The ORs (95% CI) for fatal CHD for an SD increase in n-3 PUFA were 0.92 (0.74-1.15) for plasma alpha-linolenic acid and 1.06 (0.88-1.27) for plasma EPA-DHA. Conclusion In this Dutch adult population, arachidonic acid and n-3 PUFA in cholesteryl esters were not related to fatal CHD. Our data support findings from previous prospective studies showing a lower proportion of linoleic acid in plasma cholesteryl esters in CHD cases.

Vitamin D and the risk of preeclampsia - a nested case-control study

2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 904-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Gidlöf ◽  
Aldo T. Silva ◽  
Sven Gustafsson ◽  
Pelle G. Lindqvist
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

scholarly journals Association between risk of preeclampsia and maternal plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide in second trimester and at the time of delivery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Huang ◽  
Zuodong Li ◽  
Zhou Gao ◽  
Dapeng Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Abstract Background: The data on the association between the microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia (PE) is limited. Methods: We, therefore, conducted a prospective nested case control study during Sep 2017 to Dec 2018 to examine the association between plasma TMAO measured during pregnancy and the risk of PE. Total of 17 patients diagnosed with EOPE (early onset PE), 49 with LOPE (late onset PE) and 198 healthy controls were enrolled. Blood samples were collected at 15-23 gestational weeks and time at delivery. The Logistic regression model was used to assess the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for TMAO and risk of PE, EOPE, LOPE, mild PE, and severe PE. Results: We found that the mean TMAO levels of overall subjects in the second trimester (T2) and at the time of delivery (TD) were 90.39 µg/m3 (SD=45.91) and 175.01 µg/m3 (SD=160.97), respectively. No significant spearman correlation was found between the TMAO in those two periods (p> 0.05). T2 TMAO was not significantly associated with risk of PE or risk of any PE subtypes (p >0.05). However, TD TMAO was significant associated with risk of PE, EOPE and severe PE (adjusted OR and 95%CI were 1.24(1.09, 1.40), 1.62(1.29, 2.03), and 1.41(1.17, 1.70)) per 50µg/m3 increment, respectively). Conclusion: Our study found that plasma TMAO level would alter over the course of pregnancy. The major role of TMAO in PE development might be in the accelerating process not in the initiation.

scholarly journals Association of MACC1 expression with lymphatic metastasis in colorectal cancer: A nested case-control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255489
Author(s):  
Zheying Zhang ◽  
Huijie Jia ◽  
Yuhang Wang ◽  
Baoshun Du ◽  
Jiateng Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lymphatic Metastasis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Age Stratification ◽  
Control Study

MACC1 gene is a newly discovered gene and plays an important role in the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The objective of this study was to investigate whether MACC1 is an independent factor associated with lymphatic metastasis in CRC patients. We analyzed the association between MACC1 expression and lymphatic metastasis in a nested case-control study including 99 cases and 198 matched controls in CRC patients, assessed from August 2001 to March 2015. Cases were defined as lymphatic metastasis and non-lymphatic metastasis according to AJCC TNM stages; for each case, two age-matched control without lymphatic and distant metastasis was randomly selected from the study participants. Demographic, variables about metastasis and MACC1 expression were collected. In multivariate analysis, the OR (95% CI) of MACC1 expression was 1.5 (1.1 to 2.0) in patients with lymphatic metastasis versus non-lymphatic metastasis after adjusting all variables. After adjustment for all variables and age stratification, MACC1 expression was found to be an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis in the middle-aged group (OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.1–4.0). A nonlinear relationship between MACC1 expression and 64–75 age group was observed. The probability of metastasis slightly increased with the MACC1 level lower than turning point 1.4. At the same time, the probability of lymphatic metastasis was obviously increased even after adjusting all variables when MACC1 level higher than 1.4 (OR 11.2, 95% CI 1.5–81.5; p = 0.017) in the middle age group. The expression of MACC1 was not associated with lymphatic metastasis in populations younger than 64 or older than 75. The results demonstrates that increased MACC1 level in 64–75 age group might be associated with lymphatic metastasis in CRC patients.

scholarly journals Thrombocytopenia and the effect of platelet transfusions on the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with acute leukemia – a nested case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-271
Author(s):  
Loes L. Cornelissen ◽  
Aukje L. Kreuger ◽  
Camila Caram-Deelder ◽  
Rutger A. Middelburg ◽  
Jean Louis H. Kerkhoffs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Important Time ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Platelet Transfusions

AbstractWe designed a study to describe the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage according to severity and duration of thrombocytopenia and to quantify the associations of platelet transfusions with intracranial hemorrhage in patients with acute leukemia. In this case-control study nested in a cohort of 859 leukemia patients, cases (n = 17) were patients diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage who were matched with control patients (n = 55). We documented platelet counts and transfusions for seven days before the intracranial hemorrhage in cases and in a “matched” week for control patients. Three measures of platelet count exposure were assessed in four potentially important time periods before hemorrhage. Among these leukemia patients, we observed the cumulative incidence of intracranial hemorrhage of 3.5%. Low platelet counts were, especially in the three to seven days preceding intracranial hemorrhage, associated with the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage, although with wide confidence intervals. Platelet transfusions during the week preceding the hemorrhage were associated with higher incidences of intracranial hemorrhage; rate ratios (95% confidence interval) for one or two platelet transfusions and for more than two transfusions compared with none were 4.04 (0.73 to 22.27) and 8.91 (1.53 to 51.73) respectively. Thus, among acute leukemia patients, the risk of intracranial hemorrhage was higher among patients with low platelet counts and after receiving more platelet transfusions. Especially, the latter is likely due to clinical factors leading to increased transfusion needs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document