Director of research station of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union Alexander for exploration of the North academician Fersman (based on the materials from the archives of Komi Republic)

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Larisa Pavlovna Roshchevskaya ◽  
Larisa Pavlovna Roshchevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Research Station ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Organizational Activity ◽  
Library Studies ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The object of this research is the scientific and organizational activity of the academician Alexander Fersman on realization of a grand project – the creation of research station of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union for exploration of the North in the deep countryside of the European Northeast of USSR. The source base is presented by the materials from archives, museums and libraries of Komi Republic. The goals of this work consist in characterizing the role of the academician Alexander Fersman in creation of the aforementioned facility based on the documents from regional archives. The integrated approach, principles of scientific objectivity, retrospective method of library studies demonstrate the role of human factors in scientific cognition. Reallocation of institutions of the Academy of Sciences consisted in organization of migration of the collectives with scientific property, formation of the new structure, orientation towards studying defense objectives for ensuring strategic independence of the country and attraction of prominent scholars. Rare publications with autographs prove that the prewar scientific interests in the European Northeast and scientific-propagandistic activity of Fersman during the time of war.

scholarly journals Military Security in Central and Eastern Europe – from overarching principles to current NATO perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-557
Author(s):  
Sławomir Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Defense ◽  
Military Security ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Adaptation Processes

This year, NATO is celebrating its 70th anniversary and the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty. The Alliance was founded in the early days of the Cold War, but found itself in a new geopolitical situation after the col-lapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the bipolar world. The organi-zation has been transforming ever since and over time this transfor-mation has included both expansion and adaptation to new circum-stances. With the return of Russian neo-imperial ambitions in the re-cent years, NATO has been given new impetus. Emerging threats and challenges, which are mainly of a military nature, have been addressed by NATO through further recent adaptation processes which were based on the return to the core role of the Alliance, namely collective defense and deterrence. This, in turn, has created a boost of NATO ac-tivity on the ground, which means that improvement with regard to interoperability and integration is now in high demand.

scholarly journals A 25-VOLUME EDITION OF IVAN FRANKO'S WORKS: LVIV CONTRIBUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 88-121
Author(s):  
Oleksandr LUTSKYI
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Main Work ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Post War ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Artistic Heritage

The article analyzes the main directions, course, and consequences of the research and publishing project of 1940-1941 in preparing for printing a 25-volume collection of works of Ivan Franko's literary-artistic heritage in the context of new political and socio-economic realities in Western Ukraine after the accession to the USSR as a part of the Ukrainian SSR at the beginning of World War II. Emphasizing the participation in these events of employees of the Lviv department of the T. Shevchenko Institute of Ukrainian Literature of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, the author noted that the main work was carried out by the Lviv philologists, led by Academician Mykhailo Vozniak. They did the search, selection, and scientific verification of the texts, ensuring their linguistic and stylistic design, compiling the edition's reference apparatus, and others. The place and role of some compilers and editors in preparing the collection for publication, particularly M. Vozniak and Professor V. Simovych, are highlighted. The reasons which caused difficulties and insurmountable obstacles in meeting the deadline in a responsible task are revealed. It turned out that the task became much more difficult for the management of the Institute and the employees, and, first of all, for the main compilers and editors from Lviv than it seemed at first. They did not completely achieve what was planned. Before the beginning of the German-Soviet War, the State Publishing House of Ukraine managed to publish only two volumes of I. Franko's writings, although a team of Lviv scientists led by M. Vozniak had prepared for publishing a scientifically done 20-volume set of the writer's works. The German-Soviet War interrupted further printing. The post-war period's new socio-political conditions left very little space for creative activities, so M. Vozniak's attempts to complete the publication of all 25 volumes were unsuccessful in the end. Keywords: Ivan Franko, works, twenty-five-volume edition, compilers, editors, M. Vozniak.

scholarly journals Discovering the Arctic: Socio-Humanitarian Studies of USSR Academy of Sciences in Northern Regions of Yakutia in 1980s-1991s

2020 ◽  
pp. 434-448
Author(s):  
A. A. Suleymanov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
The One ◽  
Clear Shift ◽  
New Research ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

A pioneering attempt in historiography presents a scientific analysis of socio-humanitarian research carried out by employees of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the Arctic regions of Yakutia during 1980-1991. Archival materials identified by the author, as well as data from the scientific literature were used for the preparation of the article. The work carried out allowed us to present a characteristic of the development by scientists of a complex of sociocultural, economic, archaeological, historical and anthropological, linguistic and folklore issues. In this regard, the geography of the research is shown, their key actors and main directions are identified. At the same time, an analysis of the most important provisions developed by the participants of the considered research initiatives was carried out. It was established that in the mentioned period, on the one hand, the research was continued, which had been successfully carried out earlier in the Polar Yakutia, and on the other hand, new research trends were making their way. Their stipulation is proved by the development of scientific knowledge and the changing socio-political situation in the Soviet Union. It is concluded that, as a result, interdisciplinary research has been developed, including the widespread use of the natural science arsenal, as well as a clear shift in the paradigm regarding the assessment of Soviet transformations for the destiny of the indigenous peoples of the North.

China's International Trade: Policy and Organizational Change and their Place in the ‘Economic Readjustment‘

1984 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 813-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Kueh ◽  
Christopher Howe
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
General Orientation ◽  
The Soviet Union

There are three aspects of China's foreign economic relations which are important to our efforts to understand the Readjustment of 1979–84. These are: (a) the government's general orientation towards foreign economic relations; (b) quantitative trends in investment and trade flows; and, (c) the nature of trade organization and international economic links. The general orientation to trade is critical in a planned economy where central preferences (essentially political) are easily reflected throughout the system. Stalin's policy of autarchy transformed the international role of the Soviet economy, while in China, Mao Zedong's willingness to trade with the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc profoundly changed the character of the Chinese economy between 1953 and 1959. Large-scale plant imports created new industries and enlarged heavy industries established – particularly in the north-east – before 1949. This phase of policy had exhausted itself in China towards the end of the 1950s, although import data for 1959 reflect prior commitments and give little sign of this. However, the reality was that China's capacity to absorb imported capital goods, and the agricultural capacity to sustain foreign exchange earnings at the necessary level, were both weakening even before the dislocations of the Great Leap radically changed the role of foreign trade by converting China from a net food exporter to a net importer.

scholarly journals Крымский период жизни Басана Городовикова

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-478
Author(s):  
Vladimir E. Polyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
Events Data

Introduction. The article deals with the Crimean period (August 1941 – June 1942) in the life of Basan Badminovich Gorodovikov, Hero of the Soviet Union and a major military and political figure of Kalmykia. The present article aims at describing and analyzing this less-known period of his biography, which was significant and full of dramatic events. Data and research methods. For the purposes of this research, the author has used a wide range of archival materials, as well as memoirs of participants of the partisan movement in the Crimea (including unpublished papers). Results. The author describes the first battles in the north of the Crimea in which Gorodovikov’s regiment was engaged; then, its retreat into the mountains and transition to partisans, the creation of a partisan detachment and the actions behind enemy lines. The activities of Gorodovikov’s detachment are shown against the general background of the partisan movement in the Crimea; special attention given to the discussion of warfare under the specific conditions on the peninsula. The article focuses on the role of the military personnel, especially at the first stage of the partisan movement, revealing, among other things, the problems in the relationship between the command staff of the 48th cavalry division and the partisan leaders in the Crimea. For the first time, the article sheds light on the history of awarding Gorodovikov with the Order of the Red Banner, which was the first award of the Crimean partisans. The dramatic story of his evacuation from the partisan forest to the “Bol´shaia zemlia” is also documented in detail; with previously unknown documents and materials introduced in this paper. The undertaken research allows to conclude that the Crimean period in the life of Gorodovikov was one of the most dramatic in his biography. During a difficult period for the Crimea, he became the commander of one of the most successful partisan detachments, which after he left was officially named after him, its first commander. Notably, Gorodovikov was among the first Crimean partisans to be awarded a military order and to get a promotion in rank and in office.

POST-SOVIET CITY AS A PALIMPSEST

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-68
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kosovan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Coordinator ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The author of the publication reviews the photobook “Palimpsests”, published in 2018 in the publishing house “Ad Marginem Press” with the support of the Heinrich Böll Foundation. The book presents photos of post-Soviet cities taken by M. Sher. Preface, the author of which is the coordinator of the “Democracy” program of the Heinrich Böll Foundation in Russia N. Fatykhova, as well as articles by M. Trudolyubov and K. Bush, which accompany these photos, contain explanation of the peculiarities of urban space formation and patterns of its habitation in the Soviet Union times and in the post-Soviet period. The author of the publication highly appreciates the publication under review. Analyzing the photographic works of M. Sher and their interpretation undertaken in the articles, the author of the publication agrees with the main conclusions of N. Fatykhova, M. Trudolyubov and K. Bush with regards to the importance of the role of the state in the processes of urban development and urbanization in the Soviet and post-Soviet space, but points out that the second factor that has a key influence on these processes is ownership relations. The paper positively assesses the approach proposed by the authors of the photobook to the study of the post-Soviet city as an architectural and landscape palimpsest consisting mainly of two layers, “socialist” and “capitalist”. The author of the publication specifically emphasizes the importance of analyzing the archetypal component of this palimpsest, pointing out that the articles published in the reviewed book do not pay sufficient attention to this issue. Particular importance is attributed by the author to the issue of metageography of post-Soviet cities and meta-geographical approach to their exploration. Emphasizing that the urban palimpsest is a system of realities, each in turn including a multitude of ideas, meanings, symbols, and interpretations, the author points out that the photobook “Palimpsests” is actually an invitation to a scientific game with space, which should start a new direction in the study of post-Soviet urban space.

The Fight against Smuggling at the Soviet-Polish Border throughout 1921-1939

2017 ◽  
pp. 192-201
Author(s):  
Roman Kotsan
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Security Services ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Liability Limitation

The article considers smuggling as economic crime in the Soviet-Polish border in the interwar period. The reasons for smuggling activities are studied and summarized. Range of smuggled goods is shown. The number of arrested smugglers, their nationality, the value of seized goods both from Poland and the Soviet Union are investigated. Smuggling as a political phenomenon in the Soviet-Polish border in 1921-1939 is under study. The use of smugglers by the intelligence agencies of both Poland and the USSR are emphasized. The role of public authorities of both abovementioned countries in the fight against smuggling, namely Border Guard Corps from Poland; border guards, customs, security services and local Soviet authorities on the part of the USSR are studied. The influence of anti smuggling measures (increased criminal liability, limitation of private capital in trade, strengthen of the state borders protection) on its amount decrease is studied. Keywords: State border, smuggling, crime, scouting, Poland, USSR

Prokofieva Tamara Aleksandrovna: Engineer-topographer of the first rank

2017 ◽  
Vol 922 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
V.L. Kashin ◽  
N.L. Kashina
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
The North ◽  
Moscow Institute ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Post War ◽  
Executive Positions

Biographic information about the veteran of geodetic service of the Soviet Union Tamara Aleksandrovna Prokofieva is provided in this article. On January 1, 2017, she turned 96 years old. T. A. Prokofieva’s biography is in many respects similar to destinies of her age-mates who met the Great Patriotic War on a student’s bench. In 1939 she entered the Moscow Institute of Geodesy, Aerial Photography, and Cartography. Since then all her life was connected with geodesy. In this article we use Tamara Aleksandrovna’s memories of a communal flat of the 1930s, peripetias of military years, of the North Caucasian and Kazakh aero geodetic enterprises where she worked with her husband Leonid Andreevich Kashin who held a number of executive positions in geodetic service of the USSR in the post-war time.

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