scholarly journals Mammoth tusk jewelry in the Yakut culture: retrospective analysis and current state

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-132
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Nikolaevna Prokopieva ◽  
Kapitolina Maksimovna Yakovleva ◽  
Aitalina Alekseevna Sleptsova
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wood Carving ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Local Traditions

This article is dedicated to the history of making jewelry from mammoth tusk in the Yakut culture. The hypothesis is advanced that Yakut mammoth tusk carving stems from the local traditions of wood carving and scrimshaw, and represents the raw material for making household items for the local population, and use of tusk as a raw material is associated with the appearance of the first professional scrimshaw craftsmen in Yakutia. The first part of the article examines the history of tusk carving and the prerequisites for the emergence of the new direction in jewelry. The second part of the article describes the peculiarities of making mammoth tusk jewelry in the modern Yakut culture. The current problems of taking, sale and use of mammoth tusk are relevant topics in the scientific discourse. However, jewelry and souvenirs from mammoth tusk, as well as the origins of modern scrimshaw in Yakutia have not previously become the subject of special research. For giving a better perspective on the problem the author interviewed the Soviet and contemporary artisans. It is established that influence of the Soviet scrimshaw school is still traced in modern neo-mythologized representations. The pliability of the material and availability of the raw materials for the Yakut craftsmen substantiated the popularity of the mammoth tusk and its adaptability to modern fashion trends.

scholarly journals Urban metabolism and river systems: an historical perspective – Paris and the Seine, 1790–1970

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1845-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barles
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Industrial Ecology ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local History ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
History Of ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Domestic Water Supply

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to analyse interaction between Paris and the Seine during the industrial era, 1790–1970, a period marked by strong population growth, changes in techniques, and the absence of specific legislation on environmental issues. The viewpoint focuses on exchanges of waters and wastes between city and river, quantifying them and tracing evolution in the light of the strategies implemented by the stakeholders in charge. The study combines industrial ecology, local history and the history of technology. From 1790 to 1850, waste matters, and especially excreta, were considered as raw materials, not refuse: they generated real profits. The removal of human excreta aimed not only at improving urban hygiene, but at producing the fertilizers needed in rural areas. Discharging them into the river was out of the question. But after the 1860s, several factors upset this exploitation, notably domestic water supply. Even so, Parisian engineers continued to process sewage using techniques that would not only ensure hygiene but also conciliate economic and agricultural interests. Both of these early periods are thus noteworthy for a relative limitation of the river's deterioration by urban wastes. Not until the 1920s, when domestic water supply had become the rule and excreta came to be considered as worthless waste, was the principle of valorisation abandoned. This led to important and long-lasting pollution of the Seine, aggravating the industrial pollution that had been in evidence since the 1840s. Analysing the priorities that led to the adoption of one principle or another in matters of urban hygiene and techniques, with the causes and consequences of such changes, enables us to understand the complex relations between Paris and the Seine. From raw material to waste matter, from river to drain, the concept of quality in environment remains the underlying theme.

scholarly journals The dynasty of iconographers Rogachevsky-Nikita in the context of the history of the Old Believer Romanian rural localities Zhurilovka and Sarikei

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Aleksandrovna Boitсova
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Artistic Heritage ◽  
Rural Locality

This article examines the iconographic heritage of the Old Believer Lipovan Rogachevsky-Nikita family in the context of history of Romanian rural localities. Based on the expedition material, analysis is conducted on the peculiarities of folk icon and local traditions that established in the Old Believer center of Romania. The reviewed documentary sourced were acquired in the course of expeditions and further personal contact with the family. The collected material contains history of the family of iconographers, their lifestyle and customs, conditions for fulfilling the orders that are closely related to the history of this rural locality and way of life of the Nekrasov Cossacks. The research is of applied nature in the area of art history, as well as of interdisciplinary in nature. The article employs the methods of stylistic and historical-cultural analysis; biographical method for reconstruction of biography of the family members and their artistic heritage. New records on the dynasty of Romanian iconographers are introduced, which expands  the information on the Lipovan icon and indicate regional peculiarities of its creation. The author also introduces the new names and monuments of iconography into the scientific discourse that allows clarifying the attribution. The artistic heritage of iconographers of the late XIX – early XX centuries is also introduced into the scientific discourse: Rogachevsky-Nikita; in the XX century – Egor Nikitovich Nikita and Roman Egorovich Nikita.

The Diffuse Interstellar Bands And Organic Molecules In Space

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Theodore P. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Diffuse Interstellar Bands ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intensive Observations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Absorption Features ◽  
Detailed Chemical

AbstractThe diffuse interstellar bands have been recognized for over 75 years, and remain unidentified today. This family of broad interstellar absorption features, now numbering well over 100, has been the subject of a great deal of speculation, intensive observations, and lately has stimulated the interest of chemists as well as astronomers. In this review I briefly summarize the history of the problem and then provide an overview of the current state of affairs. I emphasize recent evidence that the carriers are large molecular species, most likely organic in nature, which are abundant in the diffuse interstellar medium. If so, then the ultimate identification of the responsible species will provide a new window into the detailed chemical and physical properties of the interstellar gas. I also discuss constraints imposed on the carriers by a recent reassessment of the interstellar carbon abundance.

scholarly journals Stone Axe Studies in Ireland

1992 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Sheridan ◽  
Gabriel Cooney ◽  
Eoin Grogan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
History Of

This paper starts by outlining the history of stone axe studies in Ireland, from their antiquarian beginnings to 1990. It then offers a critical review of the current state of knowledge concerning the numbers, distribution, findspot contexts, morphology, size, associated finds, dating and raw materials of stone axes. Having proposed an agenda for future research, the paper ends by introducing the Irish Stone Axe Project—the major programme of database creation and petrological identification, funded by the National Heritage Council, currently being undertaken by GC and EG.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF URANIUM RAW MATERIALS BASE CREATION IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kh. Bakarzhyiev ◽  
O. A. Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Uranium ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
Second World

The basis of this publication is the documents and historical facts, materials of meetings, conferences and production reports, memoirs of veterans of the uranium industry, which are published, as well as their own memories, impressions and reflections of the authors whose professional activity was related to the prospect and exploration of uranium deposits. The article deals with successively the main stages of the emergence, development and formation of uranium geology in Ukraine, the solving of complex tasks for the creation and strengthening of the uranium raw material base for the complete provision of the nuclear energy needs of the state by the own mined natural uranium and achievement of energy independence. The history of the uranium raw material base creation in Ukraine is a path for pioneers, who constantly had to solve new strategic tasks promptly. In the first years after the Second World War, these were issues of defensive significance. Then become the turn of the peaceful atomic energy. By the work of the Kirov geological prospecting expedition that specialized on uranium, which was subsequently transformed into the SGE “Kirovgeologiya”, and then SE “Kirovgeologiya”, at the end of the 80th of the XX century a reliable uranium raw material base was created, that could provide state nuclear industry for the long term.

scholarly journals Contemporary Ukrainian cinema into the European context (2014-2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 274-283
Author(s):  
Zoya Alforova ◽  
Serhii Marchenko ◽  
Yuliia Shevchuk ◽  
Svitlana Kotlyar ◽  
Serhii Honcharuk
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Film Festivals ◽  
Theoretical Methods ◽  
European Cinema ◽  
Current State ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Commercial Distribution

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that the development of Ukrainian art, including cinema, is becoming more popular every year. Since 2014, the Ukrainian film industry has been rapidly developing, and has also shown good results at European and other international film festivals. The purpose of the study is to analyse the position of Ukrainian cinema in the recent historical period, as well as to analyse the preconditions that were created for its development and introduction to the European cinema market. The methodological basis of this study is the combination of theoretical methods of cognition. Methods of data analysis and synthesis, dialectical method, historical and periodisation method are used. In the course of writing this paper, the studies of Ukrainian and foreign researchers regarding the subject were studied and analysed. The establishment and current state of the film industry are investigated. The preconditions for the development of Ukrainian cinema as well as factors that influenced its entrance to the European market are considered. Studying the history of Ukrainian cinema and the process of its commercial distribution, will help to analyse the stages of its establishment, as well as explore opportunities for industry development.

scholarly journals Features of use of unlawful kaolin for the manufacture of a cement clinker

2018 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Tsybenko ◽  
L.P. Chernyak ◽  
V.G. Salnik ◽  
N.O. Dorogan
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Clay Component ◽  
The Given ◽  
Scientific Ideas

Results over of research of the silicate systems of carbonate raw material with the varieties of clay component for making of cement clinker. The features of the chemical-mineralogical composition, phase transformations during burning and astringent properties of clinker are shown when unenriched kaolin and fly ash are used as alumina-silica-containing components of the initial raw material mixture. In the chemical technology of hydraulic mineral astringents, clay raw material serves, first of all, as a source of SiO , Al O , Fe O oxides, which must form from CaO during the baking of crystalline phases of silicates, aluminates and calcium aluminferrite, with the development of which impart the properties of the product of production. In turn, the above oxides arise in the process of technology during the heat treatment of raw mixtures due to the destruction of the lattice of rock-forming minerals. Hence the obvious dependence of the number and reactivity of oxides on the chemical and mineralogical composition of clay raw material, which, according to essential differences, is classified into a number of groups. Deepening of scientific ideas about this dependence can become an additional factor for im- proving the intensification of the technology of silicate binders, which became the subject of research in the given work. The chemical and mineralogical composition of the clay component of raw materials for the production of clinker and cement based on it is an important factor in the structure of the binder material at the stages of the technological process and the determination of the properties of the final product. Taking into account the peculiarities of the composition of unbleached kaolin (high content of kaolinite, quartz, feldspar), the feasibility of its application in the production of cement for clinker production is related to the possibility of adjusting the kinetics and the direction of phase transformations during the burning of the material. From the point of view of resource conservation and technology, the complex application of aluminum and silicon-containing raw materials components of natural (unaffected kaolin) and man-made (fly ash) origin is shown. Deepening of scientific ideas about this dependence can become an additional factor for improving the intensification of the technology of silicate binders, which became the subject of research in the given work.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF FRUIT-BERRY WINE TECHNOLOГY BASED ON BIOCATALYTIC PROCESSES

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Main Components

In the conditions of Uzbekistan, to increase the ranгe of production of natural and environmentally friendly wine products from fruit and berry raw materials, as well as to effectively use raw materials, the production of export-oriented natural younг wines is a very urгent problem, based on the fact that the purpose of our study was to improve the existinг technoloгies in the Republic. for the production of fruit and berry wines on a biocatalytic basis, by stimulatinг zymoгenic enzymes of raw materials and yeast exohydrolases. To achieve this гoal, berries such as red cherries, strawberries, raspberries, currants and shotut were used as objects. The subject of the study was the creation of a fundamentally new technoloгy for the production of natural and export-oriented wine products from fruit and berry raw materials, as well as the research method was the determination of physicochemical, biochemical, technical and technoloгical parameters and the analysis of orгanoleptic indicators of objects by standard methods. The study showed that under an unfavorable environment, the cells of fruit and berry raw materials fall into stress as a result, under the influence of zymogenic exo- and endo enzymes of plant cells, it degrades biopolymers such as pectin and protein, which are the main components of the cytoplasmic membrane of cells, and a fundamentally new technology was developed, which allows to separate the fermentation process from the extraction of valuable components of raw materials due to the enhancement of the secondary metabolism of yeast associated with "high synthesis" in a controlled fermentation process. Moreover, in the process of carbon dioxide maceration, the yield of high-quality juice from 1 ton of raw material was increased by 10-12%, and the yield of wine material due to a decrease in yeast increased by 3.5%, due to the continuity of the process by 0.7% and the biosynthesis of ethyl alcohol was increased by 1 ÷ 1.5% vol. Natural wine products have been developed that have a pleasant harmonious taste and aroma due to their organoleptic properties.

scholarly journals Artistic image of a woman in the culture of Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Nurlana Imayat Gyzy Kerimli
Keyword(s):  
Second Grade ◽  
Female Images ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Current State ◽  
Female Image ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Artistic Image

The subject of this research is the image of the Azerbaijani woman. The centuries-long history has explored the female images in artistic culture, where female characters are in the limelight. Since the ancient times, Azerbaijani women have been actively engaged in social governance, culture, science, and art; felt the beauty of nature raising it to the level of the phenomenon of cultural life. The article also describes the current state, obstacles, problems, and opportunities of Azerbaijani women in folk art. The Turkic women do not blindly follow the principles of the Sharia, but rather guided by the moral principles of Islam, which broadens their cultural mindset. It is concluded that the female image in evolution of the artistic culture of Azerbaijan plays a crucial role in upbringing and spiritual enrichment of the world. The history of the Turkic culture has created the female images that refute the idea that women's creativity is the second grade art. In folklore, which is the product of artistic thinking and mythological consciousness of the Turkic people, women are depicted with the greatest regard. Female image is illustrated in various forms of art. One of the core indicators of the improvement of spirituality and artistic-aesthetic worldview of the Turkic people is the examples of anthropomorphic plastic art depicting female image in the ancient national artistic thought.

scholarly journals The history of the world's first icebreaker “Yermak” and the significance of its first expeditions to explore the Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-350
Author(s):  
Halyna Davydovska ◽  
Oleksiy Petruchenko ◽  
Volodymyr Yanin
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Further Development

In this article, the authors tried to consider and structure the stages of development and creation of the “Yermak”, the world's first Arctic icebreaker, and analyzed the stages of preparation and the results of its first expeditions to explore the Arctic. Systematic analysis of historical sources and biographical material allowed to separate and comprehensively consider the conditions and prehistory for the development and creation of “Yermak” icebreaker. Also, the authors gave an assessment to the role of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov in those events, and analyzed the role of Sergei Yulyevich Witte, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev and Pyotr Petrovich Semenov-Tian-Shansky in the preparation and implementation of the first Arctic expeditions of the “Yermak”icebreaker. In addition, the authors considered and analyzed the assessment of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov and his personal contribution to the results of the first Arctic expeditions of the “Yermak”icebreaker made by Baron Ferdinand von Wrangel. The first polar expeditions showed that the idea of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov about the icebreaker fleet was viable and required further development. It is shown that the results of the first Arctic expeditions made by “Yermak” allowed to significantly develop knowledge in various scientific fields of Arctic and Earth research, namely, topography, astronomy, meteorology, hydrology, geology, magnetism, zoology, and botany. The use of these methods and approaches to scientific research allowed to retrace the way of life and professional activity of Vice Admiral Stepan Osypovych Makarov’s systematically and critically evaluate the sources used, highlight the main points in the current state of studying the subject and the results of predecessors, specify the most promising directions of research, give a description of the previous works on this issue and clearly distinguish issues that have not yet been resolved.

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