Mitigating Environmental Constraints at Airports through Long Term Planning: A Decision Support Approach

The effect of environment on adaptation and divergence was examined in two sets of populations of Escherichia coli selected for 1000 generations in either maltose- or glucose-limited media. Twelve replicate populations selected in maltose-limited medium improved in fitness in the selected environment, by an average of 22.5%. Statistically significant among-population genetic variation for fitness was observed during the course of the propagation, but this variation was small relative to the fitness improvement. Mean fitness in a novel nutrient environment, glucose-limited medium, improved to the same extent as in the selected environment, with no statistically significant among-population genetic variation. In contrast, 12 replicate populations previously selected for 1000 generations in glucose-limited medium showed no improvement, as a group, in fitness in maltose-limited medium and substantial genetic variation. This asymmetric pattern of correlated responses suggests that small changes in the environment can have profound effects on adaptation and divergence.

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Advancement in long-distance bird migration through individual plasticity in departure

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-25022-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jesse R. Conklin ◽

Simeon Lisovski ◽

Phil F. Battley

Keyword(s):

Bird Migration ◽

Population Level ◽

Breeding Site ◽

Environmental Constraints ◽

Adaptive Responses ◽

Long Distance ◽

Direct Observations ◽

Breeding Resources ◽

Plastic Responses

AbstractGlobally, bird migration is occurring earlier in the year, consistent with climate-related changes in breeding resources. Although often attributed to phenotypic plasticity, there is no clear demonstration of long-term population advancement in avian migration through individual plasticity. Using direct observations of bar-tailed godwits (Limosa lapponica) departing New Zealand on a 16,000-km journey to Alaska, we show that migration advanced by six days during 2008–2020, and that within-individual advancement was sufficient to explain this population-level change. However, in individuals tracked for the entire migration (50 total tracks of 36 individuals), earlier departure did not lead to earlier arrival or breeding in Alaska, due to prolonged stopovers in Asia. Moreover, changes in breeding-site phenology varied across Alaska, but were not reflected in within-population differences in advancement of migratory departure. We demonstrate that plastic responses can drive population-level changes in timing of long-distance migration, but also that behavioral and environmental constraints en route may yet limit adaptive responses to global change.

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Systemic Government and the Civil Servant. A New Pattern for Systemic Design

Form Akademisk - forskningstidsskrift for design og designdidaktikk ◽

10.7577/formakademisk.792 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan A Veale

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Public Sector ◽

Cultural Change ◽

Public Service ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Policy Design ◽

Civil Servant ◽

Systemic Design

This article examines the emerging application of systemic design methodology within government as practiced by the Alberta Public Service in Edmonton, Canada. A case study, from a practitioner’s perspective, for systemic policy design is presented as an innovation facing approach useful for cultural change and decision-support. Lessons about applying systemic design within government and essential capabilities and qualities of practitioners are outlined. For some systemic designers, government might be the best place to effect systemic change especially those particularly concerned about advancing stewardship and innovation within the culture of government. This article is useful to public sector practitioners interested in applying systemic methodology to complex and long-term policy predicaments.

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Computerized Clinical Decision Support: Contributions from 2014

Yearbook of Medical Informatics ◽

10.15265/iy-2015-036 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (01) ◽

pp. 119-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. Koutkias ◽

J. Bouaud ◽

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Clinical Decision Support ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Clinical Decision Support Systems ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Editorial Team ◽

Bibliographic Databases ◽

Health Information Technologies ◽

Selection Of

Summary Objective: To summarize recent research and propose a selection of best papers published in 2014 in the field of computerized clinical decision support for the Decision Support section of the IMIA yearbook.Method: A literature review was performed by searching two bibliographic databases for papers related to clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) and computerized provider order entry systems in order to select a list of candidate best papers to be then peer-reviewed by external reviewers. A consensus meeting between the two section editors and the editorial team was finally organized to conclude on the selection of best papers. Results: Among the 1,254 returned papers published in 2014, the full review process selected four best papers. The first one is an experimental contribution to a better understanding of unintended uses of CDSSs. The second paper describes the effective use of previously collected data to tailor and adapt a CDSS. The third paper presents an innovative application that uses pharmacogenomic information to support personalized medicine. The fourth paper reports on the long-term effect of the routine use of a CDSS for antibiotic therapy. Conclusions: As health information technologies spread more and more meaningfully, CDSSs are improving to answer users’ needs more accurately. The exploitation of previously collected data and the use of genomic data for decision support has started to materialize. However, more work is still needed to address issues related to the correct usage of such technologies, and to assess their effective impact in the long term.

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Üzleti intelligencia megoldások alkalmazásának sikertényezői - A hazai szolgáltató szektor nagyvállalatainak körében végzett mélyinterjús kutatás

Információs Társadalom ◽

10.22503/inftars.xix.2019.2.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Gergely Görcsi ◽

Gergő Barta ◽

Zsuzsanna Széles

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Continuous Improvement ◽

Business Intelligence ◽

Support Functions ◽

Term Operation ◽

Success Criteria ◽

The World ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Insight Into

A vállalatok működése szempontjából a döntéstámogató funkció folyamatos fejlesztése, monitorozása kiemelt jelentőségű, hiszen az vezetést támogató eszközként segíti a menedzsmentfeladatok ellátását. Az üzleti intelligencia (business intelligence, BI) olyan infokommunikációs megoldás, mely a vállalati rendszerekből különböző adatforrásokat felhasználva képes az adatok összekapcsolására és elemzésére. A napi üzletmenet gördülékeny biztosítása céljából alkalmazott tranzakciós rendszerektől eltérően a BI-eszközök beszámolás orientáltak, a fókusz a döntéstámogatásra helyeződik. A kutatás a fogalmak tisztázását követően képet ad a legfrissebb üzleti intelligencia trendekről. A tanulmány szakmai mélyinterjúk elemzésén keresztül betekintést nyújt az üzleti intelligencia megoldások világába. A kutatás eredményeként az olvasó képet kaphat a BI bevezetésétől várt eredményekről, az implementáció és a hosszú távú működtetés sikerkritériumait illetően. --- Gergely GORCSI - Gergo BARTA - Zsuzsanna SZELES Success criteria for the application of business intelligence solutions In the running of any given company, continuous improvement and monitoring of decision support functions is crucial for such activities to serve as tools to support management tasks. Business Intelligence (BI) is an infocommunication tool that connects and analyses data from corporate systems using varied data sources. Unlike transactional systems that are used to ensure the sound operation of day-to-day business, BI tools are report-oriented, and focus on decision support. Reviewing related concepts, this research gives an overview of the latest business intelligence trends. Our study sets out to provide an insight into the world of business intelligence solutions by analysing professional, in-depth interviews. Through our research, one will become familiar with the results expected from the introduction of BI, in relation to the success criteria of its implementation and long-term operation.

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A decision support system that links short-term silvicultural operating plans with long-term forest-level strategic plans

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x93-138 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 1078-1095 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Robert G. Davis ◽

David L. Martell

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Decision Support ◽

Decision Support System ◽

Geographical Information System ◽

Support System ◽

Planning Horizon ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Timber Species ◽

Short Term

This paper describes a decision support system that forest managers can use to help evaluate short-term, site-specific silvicultural operating plans in terms of their potential impact on long-term, forest-level strategic objectives. The system is based upon strategic and tactical forest-level silvicultural planning models that are linked with each other and with a geographical information system. Managers can first use the strategic mathematical programming model to develop broad silvicultural strategies based on aggregate timber strata. These strategies help them to subjectively delineate specific candidate sites that might be treated during the first 10 years of a much longer planning horizon using a geographical information system and to describe potential silvicultural prescriptions for each candidate site. The tactical model identifies an annual silvicultural schedule for these candidate sites in the first 10 years, and a harvesting and regeneration schedule by 10-year periods for aggregate timber strata for the remainder of the planning horizon, that will maximize the sustainable yield of one or more timber species in the whole forest, given the candidate sites and treatments specified by the managers. The system is demonstrated on a 90 000 - ha area in northeastern Ontario.

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