scholarly journals Consumer Rights and Personalised Advertising: Risk of Exploiting Consumer Vulnerabilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Zanda Dāvida
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Current Direction ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
Consumer Vulnerability ◽  
The Moment

Have you ever received a frighteningly personalised advertisement with a specific product at the moment when you are thinking about buying that product? Digital technologies have huge positive potential, but their uncontrolled use poses many risks. However, the notion that the current direction of technological development is unavoidable and that the problematic aspects of technology simply need to be tolerated poses a much greater threat to the future. Therefore, this paper discusses one of the risks – personalised advertising that seeks to exploit consumer vulnerabilities. Thereby, the aim of the article is to analyse legal problems of targeted and personalised advertising that seeks to exploit consumer vulnerabilities and to propose ways to solve the identified problems. In the article, the author puts forward a thesis (hypothesis) that consumers should be protected from personalised and targeted online advertisements that seek to exploit their vulnerabilities. The hypothesis of the article is confirmed. Therefore, the article identifies four ways that, in the author’s opinion, will improve or will provide consumer protection from personalised advertising that seeks to exploit consumer vulnerabilities. In addition, to fully reach the aim of the article, the author analyses the concept of consumer vulnerability. In brief, the article affirms that all of us can be vulnerable in a situation. Therefore, the article applies to all of us. Vai Jūs kādreiz esat saņēmis biedējoši personalizētas reklāmas ar konkrētu preču vai pakalpojumu piedāvājumiem tieši tajā brīdī, kad Jūs domājat par šīs preces vai pakalpojuma iegādi? Digitālajām tehnoloģijām ir liels pozitīvs potenciāls, bet vienlaikus tās rada daudzus to nekontrolējamas izmantošanas riskus. Tomēr daudz lielākus draudus nākotnei rada uzskats, ka pašreizējais tehnoloģiju attīstības virziens ir neizbēgams un ka tehnoloģiju lietošanas negatīvās blaknes ir vienkārši jāpieņem. Šī raksta ietvaros tiek analizēts viens no šiem riskiem, proti, tehnoloģiskā prakse attiecībā uz personalizētajām reklāmām, kuras balstās vai ir tendētas uz patērētāja mazaizsargātības (ievainojamības) izmantošanu, kā arī analizēta šīs prakses tiesiskā problemātika un piedāvāti identificēto problēmu risinājumi. Rakstā tiek izvirzīta hipotēze, ka patērētāji ir jāaizsargā no šādām personalizētām reklāmām, un piedāvāti četri tiesību izpratnes veidi, kas varētu uzlabot patērētāju tiesību aizsardzību no tām. Lai pilnībā atklātu raksta mērķi, papildus tiek analizēts patērētāja mazaizsargātības koncepts, savukārt secinājumos apstiprināts, ka mēs visi varam būt mazaizsargāti kādā konkrētā situācijā. Līdz ar to šis raksts ir aktuāls mums visiem.

FUNCTIONING OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
B. А. DEMILKHANOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Securities Market ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
Large Circle ◽  
Secondary Markets ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
International Stock Markets

In the article, from the standpoint of reasons and necessity, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the key trends in the development of the stock market in Russia are disclosed. The leading role is assigned to the processes of computerization of the exchange market: the introduction and use of digital technologies that ensure the financial stability of the financial market as a whole, its security and transparency, as well as access of a large circle of investors to banking and financial operations, and the protection of their interests. It has been established that the processes of introducing and using digital technologies, organically built into the mechanism of the functioning of the securities market as a whole, determine the directions of development of such trends as innovations, diversification of stock market instruments, securitization, integration with international stock markets, etc. key trends influenced by the technological development of the stock market, lead to blurring the boundaries between the primary and secondary markets.

Feelings of Guilt and Fantasies in Life Experiences of Brazilian Parents Due to Death of their Newborn: A Clinical-qualitative Study Conducted at a University Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S616-S616
Author(s):  
L. Rodrigues ◽  
J.V. Freitas-de-Jesus ◽  
G. Lavorato-Neto ◽  
D.D. Lima ◽  
E.R. Turato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Cultural Pattern ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionThe relationship between parents and children is a complex link. In the process of pregnancy-birth-puerperium, frequent feelings such as responsibility, love, fear, uncertainty, generate strong expectations at birth. The death of a newborn may not be perceived as natural by the parents, considering the local culture and the context of great technological development of neonatology.ObjectiveTo explore possible guilt and fantasies in life experiences of parents during mourning process due to death of their newborn.MethodClinical-qualitative design, a particularization of qualitative methods here applied in clinical assistance settings with highlight to psychological aspects. Data collection with the technique of semi-directed interview with open-ended questions, in-depth. Sample intentionally constructed, with closure by theoretical saturation of information. The participants were 7 parents, mourning by the death of their child at the neonatal intensive care unit, in a university hospital of Campinas, São Paulo State.ResultsFeelings of guilt - conscious or not - lead to an internal and particular movement so that mourning can be lived. The participants showed certain embarrassment, accompanied by natural suffering facing to the cultural pattern that permeates the emotional experience. It predicts types of psychological meanings that the experience will give to the person.ConclusionHealth professionals working with bereaved parents should consider more deeply the moment these one experienced, with emphasis on the details of the death scenery, beside the problems of illness and death properly so called.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The Rise of Digital Repression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Feldstein
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
The World ◽  
Dna Collection ◽  
Opposition Movements ◽  
Mass Surveillance

This book documents the rise of digital repression—how governments are deploying new technologies to counter dissent, maintain political control, and ensure regime survival. The emergence of varied digital technologies is bringing new dimensions to political repression. At its core, the expanding use of digital repression reflects a fairly simple motivation: states are seeking and finding new ways to control, manipulate, surveil, or disrupt real or perceived threats. This book investigates the goals, motivations, and drivers of digital repression. It presents case studies in Thailand, the Philippines, and Ethiopia, highlighting how governments pursue digital strategies based on a range of factors: ongoing levels of repression, leadership, state capacity, and technological development. But a basic political motive—how to preserve and sustain political incumbency—remains a principal explanation for their use. The international community is already seeing glimpses of what the frontiers of repression look like, such as in China, where authorities have brought together mass surveillance, online censorship, DNA collection, and artificial intelligence to enforce their rule in Xinjiang. Many of these trends are going global. This has major implications for democratic governments and civil society activists around the world. The book also presents innovative ideas and strategies for civil society and opposition movements to respond to the digital autocratic wave.

THE ENVIRONMENT OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE LEGAL AND TAX ISSUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (04) ◽  
pp. 265-267
Author(s):  
Seymur Firdovsi Huseynov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Key Words ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Electronic Environment ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Consumer Rights

The growth of e-commerce in world trade has been so rapid that the legal systems of states and societies have been unprepared for the challenges that have arisen. These problems were not only related to the protection of consumer rights in the electronic environment, but also other legal, ethical and taxing issues. This article analyzes the legal and taxing problems posed by e-commerce, the conditions under which they arise, and the legislative techniques provided for in EU legislation in relation to the solution of these problems. Key words: e-commerce, taxation problems, legal problems, European value added tax

Consumer Protection in Jordanian Discount Sales: A Comparative Study with the Legislations of France, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Tariq Kameel ◽  
Fayez Alnusair ◽  
Nour Alhajaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
Market Protection ◽  
Market Intervention ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract This article compares consumer protection in the framework of discounts with the constituent elements of such sales and the relevant methods of protecting consumer rights, according to French, Emirati, Jordanian, and Tunisian legislation and judicial practice. The findings shed light on the operation of consumer rights and market protection, and argues that each legal system has developed divergent means to attain the same goal. While some legal systems have organised sales with detailed rules, others have engaged in very limited market intervention; in the latter case, consumers are prevented from enjoying an important set of rights, as consumer rights and market protection are determined by the merchants.

scholarly journals The U.S.-China technological war through the prism of techno-nationalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
I. Danilin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
The Rise Of China ◽  
The U.S

The “technological war” between the United States and China that started in 2017–2018 raises a number of questions about the future role of technological development as a factor in relations between superpowers. Analysis shows that for the United States this conflict is caused by changing balance of risks and benefits of the liberal model of globalization due to the rise of China`s power and growing geopolitical tensions between the two nations. In this context, emerging, especially digital, technologies appear to be a new battlefield between superpowers. Within the realist framework, actors consider emerging technologies as a key factor for strengthening their global postures. This, among other things, contributes to securitized technological agenda and strengthens its geopolitical dimension. Neo-technonationalism has become the platform that integrates different processes and goals into new U.S. policy. Although historically neo-technonationalism took its roots in Asia, the evolving market situation prompted the United States to rethink existing approaches and to upgrade the techno-nationalist dimension of its policy. Considering similar policies of China and the EU (i. e. the European digital sovereignty policy), this trend shapes new realities of technological “blocs”, the struggle for expansion of technological platforms, and technological conflicts. Taking into account prospective development needs of the global economy and future specification of mutual interest areas, as new digital technologies mature, the ground for normalizing the dialogue between the superpowers will emerge. However, at least in the U.S.–China case, this issue will be complicated by geopolitical contradictions that leave little room for any serious compromise.

scholarly journals Consumer Protection on Nonofficial Drugs Case in Indonesia: How Far the Legal Protection is?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-472
Author(s):  
Chatrin Intan Sari
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Know How ◽  
Consumer Law ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

The purpose of this study is to know how the legal protection for consumers on the circulation of illegal drugs and how the accountability of business actors on the circulation of illegal drugs. By using normative juridical research method this study found that the legal protection to consumers on the circulation of illegal drugs conducted by the government through the Agency of Drugs and Food. The Agency highlighted that the attention that the government has run its supervision. In addition, the protection of consumer law arising from the existence of rights and obligations set forth in Article 4 letters a and c, article 7 letters a and d, article 8 paragraph 1 letter a, d and e of Law Number 8 Year 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The fulfilment of consumer rights over security, the right to be heard, the correct, clear, and honest information regulated in the UUPK is still not fulfilled. Article 98 paragraph 2, Article 106 paragraph 1 and 2 of Law Number 36 Year 2009 on Health. The business actor is responsible as the manufacturer of the goods because the importer of the goods is not an agent or official importer. The business actor who is an individual shall be liable for the losses incurred even if only as an importer not as a producer of the goods. 

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