scholarly journals Pour une historisation des traductions*: L’herméneutique critique de Jean Bollack

Çédille ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 551-564
Author(s):  
Irena Kristeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Hermeneutics ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Critical Interpretation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Textual Meaning

The article attempts to present the challenges of Jean Bollack’s critical hermeneutics. This method of translation recommends that, to be effective, the philological examination which aims to bridge the gap between the work and its translation, must be strengthened by a critical interpretation. Not separating the work of translation from the work of interpretation, the reading of the source text requires its historization. A radical historization aims to know its subsequent representations without ignoring the moment of its creation. In short, the historization of textual meaning becomes the condition of its interpretation. Placed in the double tradition of the author and the translator, critical hermeneutics confronts their horizons of expectation in the search for the meaning of the original. Historically determined, it offers a critical approach to the source text, which takes into consideration its reception at various times and the «conflict of interpretations» caused by its readings.

Plato As Poet: A Critical Interpretation

Philosophy ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 26 (96) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hartland-Swann
Keyword(s):  
General Nature ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Critical Interpretation

That Plato was in some sense a poet is a fact which most of us are prepared to recognize without much hesitation. What is not always clear is how far any of his Dialogues, in whole or in part, may be justly described as poetry, and to what extent his “poeticalness” must affect our critical approach to, and hence our evaluation of, his philosophy as a whole. And this, in effect, is the problem to which I propose to address myself in this paper. Before, however, I attempt to discuss what is an exceptionally complicated issue, a few remarks of a more general nature will not perhaps be out of place-for the need of caution in any approach to Plato is obvious from the start.

scholarly journals Enacting Critical Citizenship: An Intersectional Approach to Global Citizenship Education

Societies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Maayke de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Citizenship Education ◽  
Global Citizenship ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Global Citizenship Education ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Black Feminists ◽  
Critical Interpretation

Global citizenship is a popular concept that was fully embraced by UNESCO in 2015 with a framework for Global Citizenship Education (GCE). This pedagogical guidance can be characterized as transformative since it aims to foster reflective citizens who contribute to building a more inclusive, just, and peaceful world. Thus, GCE allows educators to take a critical approach to their teaching, hereby articulating a clear social justice orientation towards citizenship education. However, recent studies indicate that most interpretations and thus implementations of GCE do not translate into a social action approach. Therefore, this article conceptualizes an intersectional approach to GCE, to make a critical approach of GCE more likely by practitioners. Intersectionality was developed by Black feminists in the US, to highlight structural oppressions and privileges on the basis of analytical categories. Intersectionality, furthermore, allows for opportunities to recognize resilience and resistance in marginalized communities. Therefore, an intersectional approach to GCE would develop sensibilities among students to understand global structures of oppression and domination on the basis of analytical categories like race, gender, and class. This knowledge would lead to an awareness of one’s own complicity and shared responsibility, resulting in deliberations and eventually political actions. The overall aim is to provide practitioners with a concrete suggestion of a critical interpretation of GCE, to show its potential as a social justice-orientated framework for educators in especially continental Europe.

scholarly journals The Consequences of Gender in Homogamic Couples

Sociology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Static Approach ◽  
Work Family ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Interpretative Approach

In studies which analyse the social distance between spouses at the moment a couple is formed, and which attempt to understand the role of the family, and in particular of marriage, in crystallising social divisions, the concept of homogamy has often been purely descriptive. This article questions this static approach and seeks to pinpoint the changes which social homogamy undergoes in the course of conjugal life, addressing women’s decisions on work–family articulation. Drawing on a critical approach to the concept of rational choice, the article intends to demonstrate the merit of an interpretative approach by analysing how members of a sample of 27 university-educated Portuguese partnered mothers take their decisions in the context of an interdependency framework in which the dynamics of family interaction tend to thwart individual career path development, rendering spouses dependent on each other.

scholarly journals Switch from Mother Tongue to English: A Double Jeopardy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. p22
Author(s):  
Berrington Ntombela
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Medium Of Instruction ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
African Languages ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mother Tongue Instruction ◽  
Intellectual Capacity ◽  
The Moment ◽  
English Medium Of Instruction

This paper interrogates the sorry state of switching from mother tongue instruction to English medium of instruction in South Africa. Adopting a critical approach to literature review, it critiques the resistance mounted on the utility of African languages as viable media of instruction. It argues that the status quo is perpetuated by the dominance of English as a medium of instruction both in South Africa and abroad, and that this state of affairs can be traced back to a colonial system which presently works itself out as globalisation and internationalisation. The paper ends by demonstrating how switching from mother tongue instruction to English medium of instruction robs learners and teachers of their intellectual capacity, where they appear incompetent due to a language barrier. The paper concludes that the situation could only be rescued by promoting mother tongue instruction for the majority of South Africans which at the moment is enjoyed by a minority.

David I. Dubrovsky and Merab Mamardashvili: Adam’s Second Fall and the Advent of the Cyber-Leviathan

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-341
Author(s):  
Inti Yanes-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Digital Interface ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
Technological Singularity ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
Merab Mamardashvili ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Moment

In his speech “The European Responsibility,” the Georgian philosopher Merab Mamardashvili summarizes his utopia of a fulfilled humanity by presenting it as an integration of two main traditions: the Graeco-Roman and Judeo-Christian ones. In contrast, David Dubrovsky launches a new perspective for present and future human evolution: the cyber-superman, i.e. the perfect merging of human mind and digital brain—or the bio-digital interface. “Intelligence” here is not just an artificial by-product of a highly organized technological structure, but the reproduction of mental operations through the techno-replication of the bio-brain as material substrate: the Dubrovskyan avatar. In the present article, I focus on Dubrovsky’s and Mamardashvili’s anthropological paradigms, and their relationship to the phenomena of cyberbeing and cyberculture. I examine the phenomenon of cyberbeing as a “built-in” feature of a bio-electronic, transhuman ontology that impacts and transforms personhood into “cyborghood” in the context of an interactive digital framework of fictional transcendences, body-deconstruction and bio-technological interplays. My aim is to develop a critical approach to Dubrovsky’s cybernetic anthropology and avatar-theory, along with its meaning and implications for our world-epoch, in contrast to Mamardashvili’s ontology, which proves essentially incompatible with the moment of technological singularity—i.e. with the creation of a transhuman bio-digital avatar as envisioned and prophesized by Dubrovsky.

Toward Critical Bioethics

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
VILHJÁLMUR ÁRNASON
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Critical Hermeneutics ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Unfair Treatment ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Bioethical Issues ◽  
Normative Dimension

Abstract:This article deals with the question as to what makes bioethics a critical discipline. It considers different senses of criticism and evaluates their strengths and weaknesses. A primary method in bioethics as a philosophical discipline is critical thinking, which implies critical evaluation of concepts, positions, and arguments. It is argued that the type of analytical criticism that restricts its critical role to critical thinking of this type often suffers from other intellectual flaws. Three examples are taken to demonstrate this: premature criticism, uncritical self-understanding of theoretical assumptions, and narrow framing of bioethical issues. Such flaws can lead both to unfair treatment of authors and to uncritical discussion of topics. In this context, the article makes use of Häyry’s analysis of different rationalities in bioethical approaches and argues for the need to recognize the importance of communicative rationality for critical bioethics. A radically different critical approach in bioethics, rooted in social theory, focuses on analyses of power relations neglected in mainstream critical thinking. It is argued that, although this kind of criticism provides an important alternative in bioethics, it suffers from other shortcomings that are rooted in a lack of normative dimensions. In order to complement these approaches and counter their shortcomings, there is a need for a bioethics enlightened by critical hermeneutics. Such hermeneutic bioethics is aware of its own assumptions, places the issues in a wide context, and reflects critically on the power relations that stand in the way of understanding them. Moreover, such an approach is dialogical, which provides both a critical exercise of speech and a normative dimension implied in the free exchange of reasons and arguments. This discussion is framed by Hedgecoe’s argument that critical bioethics needs four elements: to be empirically rooted, theory challenging, reflexive, and politely skeptical.

scholarly journals Pervivencia e influencia de los mitos fundacionales del franquismo en los textos escolares de la enseñanza secundaria castellanoleonesa

Panta Rei ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 69-102
Author(s):  
Sergio Ibáñez Llorente ◽  
Almudena Alonso-Centeno
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Academic Training ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Project ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Critical Interpretation

Mientras la historiografía avanza en el desmantelamiento del enfoque franquista sobre la República y la Guerra, cabría preguntarse si la bibliografía escolar abandona al mismo ritmo los presupuestos del canon franquista e incluye el enfoque crítico de los especialistas. La presente investigación tiene por objetivo averiguar el alcance de estos dos fenómenos, a través del análisis crítico del discurso de una treintena de textos escolares de educación secundaria. El currículo de la asignatura de historia, la formación de los autores o la extensión del tema de investigación en los textos son algunos de los factores que consideramos podrían explicar los resultados obtenidos. Dichos resultados confirman la pervivencia de ideas como la inevitabilidad de la guerra, el fracaso del proyecto político republicano o el ambiente de preguerra en la primavera del 36 en el material didáctico, así como la escasa influencia en el ámbito escolar de la interpretación crítica. While historiography advances in the dismantling of the Franco approach on the Republic and the War, it could be asked wether the school bibliography abandons at the same pace the assumptions of the Franco canon and includes the critical approach of the specialists. The present investigation aims to find out the scope of these two phenomena through the critical analysis of the speech of some thirty secondary school textbooks. The curriculum of the history subject, the ideologies of the publishers of textbooks, the academic training of authors, or the space reserved for the subject of research in the textbooks, are some of the factors that could explain the results obtained These results confirm the persistence of ideas such as the inevitability of war, the failure of the republican political project or the pre-war atmosphere in the spring of 1936 in the teaching material, as well as the scarce influence of critical interpretation in schools.

scholarly journals WATER CONSERVATION IN DESERT CITIES: FROM THE SOCIOECOLOGICAL FIX TO GESTURES OF ENDURANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN F. O’NEILL ◽  
ANNE-LISE BOYER
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Urban Political Ecology ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
The Moment

Abstract Urban water provision is the archetypal case for the recent wave of urban political ecology, using the concept of “fix” to illustrate belief in technical forms to solve socioecological problems like uneven water distribution and environmental degradation. On the one hand, this paper shows that the risks of water shortages in Arizona, USA are a technical concern. Professionals are dedicated to the promotion of water conservation to “fix” a dysfunctional hydro-social cycle. Yet, environmental organizations raise a critical approach to this “hydrocracy”. They defend local water supplies, river regeneration, and reuse as promoting a low water-use “desert lifestyle”. Building on the intellectual history of “fixes”, we apply Giorgio Agamben’s concept of “gesture”, signaling how, in places of deep water scarcity, water conservation policies remain within notions of growth, such that pauses in water availability leave open future promises of resource abundance so the moment of scarcity can be endured.

scholarly journals MENGUJI “OTENTISITAS WAHYU TUHAN” DENGAN PEMBACAAN KONTEMPORER: Telaah Atas Polemical Studies Kajian Orientalis dan Liberal

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muzayyin
Keyword(s):  
Communication Theory ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Bible Studies ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Research Scholarship ◽  
New Research ◽  
Linguistic Approach

This paper deals with discourse trying to discuss various contemporary reading of the Koran, which is different from the classical understanding of the model. New research scholarship offered by the Quran in the form of structural linguistic approach is used to redefine the communication process between God with His chosen creature, using the frame of communication theory. The approach is then collaborated with the historical critical approach, which is one part of the methodology applied in Bible studies to the Qur’an. The emphasis is to clarify the origin of the source text focused on the origins of the Koran from the Judeo- Christian tradition. Furthermore, research with this approach seeks the historical aspects of the text of the Qur'an with the intention of reconstructing the historicity.

scholarly journals Foreignization in News Translation: Metaphors in Russian Translation on the News Translation Website InoSMI

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Van Poucke ◽  
Alexandra Belikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Translation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Western Discourse ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Critical Interpretation ◽  
The One ◽  
Newspaper Articles

Journalistic texts, as a rule, contain a considerable number of metaphorically used expressions. This paper investigates the handling of metaphors in Russian translations of journalistic texts in order to reveal the different translation strategies used by the translators. The research is conducted in three consecutive steps. First, we identify all metaphors in a twofold corpus of 60 original Dutch, English and Finnish newspaper articles on the one hand, and their corresponding 60 translations into Russian on the other. Secondly, we compare the use of metaphors in the translations with their source texts in order to establish the translation strategies and to determine to which extent the metaphorical expressions in the target texts display a higher degree of foreignness than those used in the source texts. Finally, we analyze the cases of foreignization in the target texts in order to find an explanation for the use of this translation strategy. The investigation shows how foreignization is adopted by the translators in a certain number of specific contexts, making the Western discourse on Russian subjects more visible to the reader, especially in these cases where the source text contains metaphors that suggest a critical interpretation of the Russian state, society or the leaders of the country.

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