scholarly journals Prevalence and Molecular Identification of Giardiasis Isolates from Stray Dogs in Erbil Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Zuber I. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nucleotide Substitution ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Accession Number ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Giardia lamblia is the intestinal, flagellated protozoan parasite. It should make a species complex and comprises eight assemblages (A-H). In the current study, out of 153 examined samples, 16 (10.46%) and 36 (23.53%) specimens were positive by concentration and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for giardiasis, respectively. The highest rate of infection was found in a rural area (14.38%) than in urban areas (9.15%). As well as, the infection rate in males (25/153) was higher compared to that of female dogs (11/153). Regarding fecal consistency, the highest rate (18.3%) of giardiasis was observed in diarrheic dogs, while the lowest rate of giardiasis (5.23%) was observed among non-diarrheic dogs. The PCR products were sequenced for 20 samples and further examined by sequence analysis, 16 isolates under the accession number (MN629930), independent of the host, exhibited G. lamblia GenBank ID: M36728, while in four samples under the accession number (MN629931), nucleotide substitutions generate polymorphism at position 542 and 561 (C → T) and (A → G) at position 684. The similarity between MN629931 and AY072723 genotype A2 was 99.9% which was one nucleotide substitution at position 542 (C → T). The sequencing of the PCR products recognized two assemblages in dogs suggested the possible role of dogs as the reservoir for human giardiasis in Erbil Province which is the first records in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

scholarly journals Neurocysticercosis Diagnosed by Taenia solium PCR on Brain Biopsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sean Wei Xiang Ong ◽  
Jean-Marc Chavatte ◽  
Jonathan Wei Zhong Chia ◽  
Ramez Wadie Kirollos ◽  
Yih Yian Sitoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Onset Seizure ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Temporal Lobe Lesion ◽  
New Onset

Neurocysticercosis is a common cause for brain lesions and adult-onset epilepsy in endemic countries. However, diagnosis is challenging in the absence of typical radiologic or histopathologic features. In this case report, we present a case of a 35-year-old male with a new-onset seizure and a rim-enhancing temporal lobe lesion. Radiologic features were nonspecific, and brain biopsy was performed. Histologic features showed only nonspecific granulomatous inflammation, and the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was confirmed only with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing on brain biopsy tissue demonstrating PCR products consistent with Taenia solium. This case highlights the diagnostic role of PCR in such clinical situations whereby the diagnosis is unclear after initial routine evaluation.

scholarly journals Role of dogs in contamination of urban environment with causes of parasitic zoonoses

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 377-383
Author(s):  
Ivan Pavlovic ◽  
Zoran Kulisic ◽  
Slavisa Djurdjevic ◽  
Zorana Misic ◽  
Jana Momcilovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Parasitic Zoonoses ◽  
The One ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

Dogs belong to the group of animals that were the first to be domesticated. They live in cohabitation with humans and share their environment much more intimately than any other animal specie. The close contact between strays and pets, on the one side, and the pollution of urban areas with the feces of these animals, on the other, close the chain of infection with parasites, which jeopardizes also human health in the final link of that chain. Dogs are carriers and the true hosts to large numbers of species of zoonotic parasites - Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, Echinoccocus granulosus, Dipyllidium caninum, Toxocara canis, Ancylostomidae spp. and others, whose eggs or other developmental forms they eliminate into the environment through feces. The increase in the number of cases of toxocarosis in humans (syndrome of visceral larvae migrans), ancylostomosis (cutanea larvae migrans), hydatidosis, toxoplasmosis, or cryptosporidiosis are the best indicators of these relations. In order to resolve this problem, it is necessary to conduct systematic investigations of their parasitic fauna with the maximum cooperation of the animal owners, compulsory health education of the population in the area of the diseases that are transferred from animals to humans, and, certainly, carrying out the dehelminthization of dogs.

scholarly journals Detection and characterization of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated endoribonuclease gene variants in Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafoods and environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-695
Author(s):  
Pallavi Baliga ◽  
Malathi Shekar ◽  
Moleyur Nagarajappa Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Short Palindromic Repeat ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Aim: In Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated cas6 endoribonuclease gene has been shown to exhibit sequence diversity and has been subtyped into four major types based on its length and composition. In this study, we aimed to detect and characterize the cas6 gene variants prevalent among V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from seafoods and environment. Materials and Methods: Novel primers were designed for each of the cas6 subtypes to validate their identification in V. parahaemolyticus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In total, 38 V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from seafoods and environment were screened for the presence of cas6 gene. Few representative PCR products were sequenced, and their phylogenetic relationship was established to available cas6 gene sequences in GenBank database. Results: Of the 38 V. parahaemolyticus isolates screened, only about 40% of strains harbored the cas6 endoribonuclease gene, among which 31.6% and 7.9% of the isolates were positive for the presence of the cas6-a and cas6-d subtypes of the gene, respectively. The subtypes cas6-b and cas6-c were absent in strains studied. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis also established the cas6 sequences in this study to match GenBank sequences for cas6-a and cas6-d subtypes. Conclusion: In V. parahaemolyticus, the Cas6 endoribonuclease is an associated protein of the CRISPR-cas system. CRISPR-positive strains exhibited genotypic variation for this gene. Primers designed in this study would aid in identifying the cas6 genotype and understanding the role of these genotypes in the CRISPR-cas immune system of the pathogen.

scholarly journals Transformation of Amorphadiene Synthase and Antisilencing P19 Genes into Artemisia annua L. and its Effect on Antimalarial Artemisinin Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-471
Author(s):  
Elfahmi Elfahmi ◽  
Fany Mutia Cahyani ◽  
Tati Kristianti ◽  
Sony Suhandono
Keyword(s):  
Hairy Root ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Transformed Hairy Root ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Infiltration Method

Purpose : The low content of artemisinin related to the biosynthetic pathway is influenced by the role of certain enzymes in the formation of artemisinin. The regulation of genes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis through genetic engineering is a choice to enhance the content. This research aims to transform ads and p19 gene as an antisilencing into Artemisia annua and to see their effects on artemisinin production. Methods: The presence of p19 and ads genes was confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products and sequencing analysis. The plasmids, which contain ads and/or p19 genes, were transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and then inserted into leaves and hairy roots of A. annua by vacuum and syringe infiltration methods. The successful transformation was checked through the GUS histochemical test and the PCR analysis. Artemisinin levels were measured using HPLC. Results: The percentages of the blue area on leaves by using vacuum and syringe infiltration method and on hairy roots were up to 98, 92.55%, and 99.00% respectively. The ads-p19 sample contained a higher level of artemisinin (0.18%) compared to other samples. Transformed hairy root with co-transformation of ads-p19 contained 0.095% artemisinin, where no artemisinin was found in the control hairy root. The transformation of ads and p19 genes into A. annua plant has been successfully done and could enhance the artemisinin content on the transformed leaves with ads-p19 up to 2.57 folds compared to the untransformed leaves, while for p19, cotransformed and ads were up to 2.25, 1.29, and 1.14 folds respectively. Conclusion: Antisilencing p19 gene could enhance the transformation efficiency of ads and artemisinin level in A. annua.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF PROTOZOAL INFESTATIONS IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATION EXACERBATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH GENITOURINARY PATHOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlo Fedorych ◽  
Gennadiy Mavrov
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Genitourinary System ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Level

The aim: to study the prevalence of protozoal infestations in cases of acute inflammatory exacerbations in genitourinary clinic. Materials and methods. The method of polymerase chain reaction was used to examine 158 subjects with chronic inflammation of the genitourinary system exacerbations. Results. Infestation of the genitourinary system was identified in 72 patients (45.6 %). Trichomonas infestation was identified in 63 (87.5 %) of them. Trichomonas vaginalis was identified in 1 (1.4 %) subject. Other Trichomonas species – in 62 (86.1 %) subjects. 12 (16.7 %) had Trichomonas tenax, and 50 (69.4 %) – Pentatrichomonas hominis. Giardia lamblia was identified in 9 patients – i.e. in 12.5 % individuals with infestation of the genitourinary system, or in 5.7 % among subjects examined for STIs in this study. Conclusions: High level of Trichomonas infestation of the genitourinary system was identified in subjects with of chronic inflammatory exacerbations of the genitourinary system. In most cases, infestations were caused by Trichomonas species other than Trichomonas vaginalis, as well as by Giardia lamblia. An assumption about a certain role of these pathogens in the onset or further course of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system was made.

scholarly journals AuNPs-Based Colorimetric Assay for Identification of Chicken Tissues in Meat and Meat Products

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hejing Han ◽  
Wen Yi ◽  
Dongjun Hou ◽  
Tingting Huang ◽  
Zhihui Hao
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Chicken Tissues ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Gene Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A simple colorimetric assay was developed to identify chicken tissues in meat and meat products by utilizing thiol-labeled primers and unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Primers were designed based on the chicken-specific mitochondrial D-loop gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is applied to amplify the target gene, and the PCR products labeled with thiol at one end were obtained. Following the mixing of AuNPs with the PCR products, the thiol binds to the surface of AuNPs, resulting in the formation of GNP-PCR products. The resultant PCR products had abundant negative charges, which made AuNPs maintain dispersion under the role of electrostatic repulsion. As a result, in the presence of PCR products, AuNPs remained red in the presence of salt. In the absence of PCR products, the color of AuNPs changed from red to blue; therefore, the method described here could be exploited for the verification of chicken tissues with high accuracy.

ORF-C4 from the early branching eukaryote Giardia lamblia displays characteristics of α-crystallin small heat-shock proteins

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
María J. Nores ◽  
César G. Prucca ◽  
Rodrigo Quiroga ◽  
Eliana V. Elías ◽  
Lucas Cavallín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Small Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Basal Position

Giardia lamblia is a medically important protozoan parasite with a basal position in the eukaryotic lineage and is an interesting model to explain the evolution of biochemical events in eukaryotic cells. G. lamblia trophozoites undergo significant changes in order to survive outside the intestine of their host by differentiating into infective cysts. In the present study, we characterize the previously identified Orf-C4 (G. lamblia open reading frame C4) gene, which is considered to be specific to G. lamblia. It encodes a 22 kDa protein that assembles into high-molecular-mass complexes during the entire life cycle of the parasite. ORF-C4 localizes to the cytoplasm of trophozoites and cysts, and forms large spherical aggregates when overexpressed. ORF-C4 overexpression and down-regulation do not affect trophozoite viability; however, differentiation into cysts is slightly delayed when the expression of ORF-C4 is down-regulated. In addition, ORF-C4 protein expression is modified under specific stress-inducing conditions. Neither orthologous proteins nor conserved domains are found in databases by conventional sequence analysis of the predicted protein. However, ORF-C4 contains a region which is similar structurally to the α-crystallin domain of sHsps (small heat-shock proteins). In the present study, we show the potential role of ORF-C4 as a small chaperone which is involved in the response to stress (including encystation) in G. lamblia.

scholarly journals RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPDs) DETECTS PATTERNS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN DIPLOID MUSA ACUMINATA COLLA

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 660b-660
Author(s):  
Robert L. Jarret
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Random Primers ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Patterns of diversity among thirty diploid clones of banana (Musa acuminata Colla.), collected in Papua New Guinea and the surrounding islands between 1987 and 1989, were examined genetically using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and random primers, to detect random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs). PCR products were visualized on ethidium bromide stained agarose gels. Twenty of 60 random primers examined detected RAPDS in CTAB-extracted genomic DNA. Banding patterns ranged from very simple (1 or 2 bands/gel) to very complex (more than 20 bands/gel). All 30 Musa clones were distinguishable from each other based on their unique RAPD banding pattern. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed several clusters of closely related clones within the materials examined. However, these clusterings were not correlated with either the geographic origin or the morphological characteristics of the clones. A role of the use of RAPDs in germplasm characterization is discussed.

Characterization of the Original Christmas Disease Mutation (Cysteine 206 → Serine): From Clinical Recognition to Molecular Pathogenesis

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (01) ◽  
pp. 063-065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherryl A M Taylor ◽  
Jacalyn Duffin ◽  
Cherie Cameron ◽  
Jerome Teitel ◽  
Bernadette Garvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Substitution ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Causative Mutation ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Splice Junctions

SummaryChristmas disease was first reported as a distinct clinical entity in two manuscripts published in 1952 (1, 2). The eponym associated with this disorder, is the surname of the first patient examined in detail and reported by Biggs and colleagues in a paper describing the clinical and laboratory features of seven affected individuals (3). This patient has severe factor IX coagulant deficiency (less than 0.01 units/ml) and no detectable circulating factor IX antigen (less than 0.01 units/ml). Coding sequence and splice junctions of the factor IX gene from this patient have been amplified in vitro through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One nucleotide substitution was identified at nucleotide 30,070 where a guanine was replaced by a cytosine. This mutation alters the amino acid encoded at position 206 in the factor IX protein from cysteine to serine. The non conservative nature of this substitution, the absence of this change in more than 200 previously sequenced factor IX genes and the fact that the remainder of the coding region of this gene was normal, all provide strong circumstantial evidence in favour of this change being the causative mutation in this patient. The molecular characterization of this novel mutation in the index case of Christmas disease, contributes to the rapidly expanding body of knowledge pertaining to Christmas disease pathogenesis.

PERAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMBAYARAN RETRIBUSI SAMPAH DI KOTA SAMARINDA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Abd Rachim AF,
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Behavior

One of the environmental problems in urban areas is the pollution caused by garbage. The waste problem is caused by various factors such as population growth, living standards changes, lifestyles and behavior, as well as how the waste management system. This study aims to determine how the role of society to levy payments garbage in Samarinda. This research was descriptive; where the data is collected then compiled, described and analyzed used relative frequency analysis. The participation of the public to pay a "levy junk", which stated to pay 96.67%, for each month and the rates stated society cheap, moderate and fairly, respectively 46.08%, 21.21%, 21.04%. Base on the data , the role of the community to pay "levy junk" quite high.

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