scholarly journals A new method to select demulsifiers and optimize dosage at wet crude oil separation facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Guillaume Raynel ◽  
Debora Salomon Marques ◽  
Sajjad Al-Khabaz ◽  
Mohammad Al-Thabet ◽  
Lanre Oshinowo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Test Method ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Bottle Test ◽  
Processing Plants

The current practice for crude oil demulsifier selection consists of pre-screening of the best performing demulsifiers followed by field trials to determine the optimum demulsifier dosage. The method of choice for demulsifier ranking is the bottle test. As there is no standard bottle test method, there are different methodologies reported in the literature. In this work, a new approach to bottle test and field trial was described which improved significantly the selection and dosage of the demulsifier. The bottle test was optimized by measuring an accurate mass of demulsifier. This method produces repeatable results. This bottle-test methodology was benchmarked against field trial results performed in oil processing plants. The field trials were also improved to avoid the accumulation effect of demulsifier, when optimizing their dosage. The field data for the optimization of demulsifier dosage was analyzed mathematically; and a graphical method to determine the optimum range is described.

Adsorption of Crude Oil Using Meshed Groundnut Husk

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlington Bon Nwokoma ◽  
Uchenna Anene
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Groundnut Shell ◽  
The Impact

There is an increasing awareness of the impact of spilled crude oil and its refined products on human health and environment. The potential of using groundnut husk, agro-based waste, which is not only ubiquitous but indiscriminately littered around Nigerian urban areas, as an adsorbent in removal of oil spilled on water was investigated. Groundnut shell, a waste generated in local vegetable oil processing plants, has been converted into a low cost adsorbent. The groundnut husk was treated and meshed to adsorb crude oil from water at various experimental conditions. Investigations include the effects of sorbent dosage, particle size, contact time and temperature on the adsorption of crude oil. Meshed groundnut shell, especially less than 150 µm, exhibited high affinity for oil adsorption with time. The optimum adsorption temperature range lies between 25 – 45°C. The adsorption data indicates that a pseudo-second-order equation could be used to study the adsorption kinetics and the correlation coefficient of 0.9985 indicates that the sorption process is dominated by adsorption process. The results demonstrate that crude oil removal by adsorption onto this abundantly available low cost and readily biodegradable material is feasible. With high affinity for oil and low water pick up, meshed groundnut shell adsorbent could be said to be oleophilic or hydrophobic.

scholarly journals Optimization of (RP6000 and MAKS-9150) demulsifiers for separation of water from (Kirkuk / baba, Khbbaz) crude oil emulsion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Dr. Mueyyed Akram Arslan ◽  
Dr. Ghassan Burhan Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Bottle Test ◽  
Oil Emulsions

In this study oil-soluble (RP6000 and MAKS-9150) emulsion breakers have been selected for separation of water from Kirkuk / baba (50oC), Khbbaz (40oC) crude oil emulsions and their activity measured using the Bottle test method at different concentration and found the activity of RP6000 demulsified best than MAKS-9150 emulsion breakers. RP6000 separated water (100%) in (15)min., (40)ppm and in (60)min., (20)ppm of demulsified for Kirkuk/ baba Crude oil and for khbbaz Crude oil the (100%) water separation was in (15)min., (80)ppm and in (30)min., (60)ppm and PH effect, salinity, temperature and density of emulsion stability depending on literature were explained for Optimization.

Evaluation of the Resistance of Individual Si Die to Cracking

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Berriche ◽  
R.K. Lowry ◽  
M.I. Rosenfield
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Mechanical Stresses ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
Vickers Micro Hardness

Abstract The present work investigated the use of the Vickers micro-hardness test method to determine the resistance of individual die to cracking. The results are used as an indicator of resistance to failure under the thermal and mechanical stresses of packaging and subsequent thermal cycling. Indentation measurements on die back surfaces are used to determine how changes in wafer backside processing conditions affect cracks that form around impressions produced at different loads. Test methodology and results obtained at different processing conditions are discussed.

An effective method based on multi-model fusion for research octane number prediction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningchen Fu ◽  
Zicheng Lai ◽  
Yuping Zhang ◽  
Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Research Octane Number ◽  
Model Fusion ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Oil Processing

The octane number is one of the important indicators in crude oil processing, and it is related to the anti-knock performance of gasoline engines. The loss of octane number in...

Determination of Steady-State Adhesive Wear Rate

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Wear Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Test Methodology

Wear rates obtained from different investigators could vary significantly due to lack of a standard test method. A test methodology is therefore proposed in this paper to enable the steady-state wear rate to be determined more accurately, consistently, and efficiently. The wear test will be divided into four stages: (i) to conduct the transient wear test; (ii) to predict the steady-state wear coefficient with the required sliding distance based on the transient wear data by using Yang’s second wear coefficient equation; (iii) to conduct confirmation runs to obtain the measured steady-state wear coefficient value; and (iv) to convert the steady-state wear coefficient value into a steady-state wear rate. The proposed methodology is supported by wear data obtained previously on aluminium based matrix composite materials. It is capable of giving more accurate steady-state wear coefficient and wear rate values, as well as saving a lot of testing time and labour, by reducing the number of trial runs required to achieve the steady-state wear condition.

Do We Need Higher Dose Scale Inhibitors to Inhibit Scale under Turbulent Conditions? Insight into Mechanisms and New Test Methodology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
Harry Montgomerie ◽  
Thomas Hagen ◽  
Ronald Benvie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Bulk Precipitation ◽  
Scale Inhibitor ◽  
Surface Deposition ◽  
Test Methodology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scale Deposition

Abstract Turbulent flow, especially around chokes, downhole safety valves and inflow control devices, favors scale deposition potentially leading to severe loss of production. Recently, scale formation under turbulent conditions has been studied and progressed, focused on the bulk precipitation (SPE164070) and a small bore valve loop test (SPE 155428). However, bulk precipitation is not fully representative the surface deposition in the fields and the Reynolds number of modified loop is unknown. The relationship between a measured Reynolds number and surface deposition up until this study has not been addressed. A newly developed test methodology with rotating cylinder has been applied to generate high shear rate and evaluate surface deposition with Reynolds numbers up to ~41000. The relationship between Reynolds number and surface deposition is addressed. Using this highly representable test method for BaSO4 scale deposition, several different generic types of inhibitor chemistries, including polymers and phosphonates, were assessed under different levels of turbulence to evaluate their performance on surface deposition. The results showed it is not always true that higher turbulence results in higher dose of inhibitor being required to control scale. It is inhibitor chemistry and mechanisms dependent. The scale inhibitorscan be classified as three types when evaluating the trend of mass deposition versus Reynolds number and the morphology of the crystals deposited on the metal surface. ➢ Type 1: Crytal growth inhibitors. The mass of surface deposition increases with the increase of turbulence, along with smaller crystals.➢ Type 2: Dispersion and crystal growth inhibitor. The higher the turbulence, the less mass deposition, along with smaller crystals.➢ Type 3: Dispersion scale inhibitors. The higher the turbulence, the less mass deposition. The size of the crystals has no major change. This paper gives a comprehensive study of the effect of flow condition on the scale surface deposition and inhibition mechanisms. In addition, it details how this methodology and new environmentally acceptable inhibitor chemistry can be coupled to develop a chemical technology toolbox that also includes techniques for advanced scale inhibitor analysis and improved scale inhibitor retention, to design optimum scale squeeze packages for the harsh scaling conditions associated with turbulent flow conditions.

Studying demulsifier reactants for crude oil processing facilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
L. V. Taranova ◽  
A. G. Mozyrev ◽  
V. G. Gabdrakipova ◽  
A. M. Glazunov
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Optimal Consumption ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Well Production ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
Required Quality

The article deals with the issues of improving the quality of highly watered well production fluid processing using chemical demulsifier reactants at crude oil processing facilities; the analysis of the use of the reactants at the Samotlor field has been made. The article presents the results of the study of the effectiveness of the "Hercules 2202 grade A" and "SNPH-4460-2" demulsifiers in comparison with the indicators of oil and bottom water processing achieved in the presence of the reactants used at existing facilities; their optimal consumption has been determined. The study has shown that the selected demulsifiers provide the required quality of the oil and water under processing at the considered oil processing facilities and can be used along with the basic reactants for these facilities. On the basis of total indicators, the best results have been achieved using "Hercules 2202 grade A" with the improved indicators of water cut and residual oil content in water by 33.9 % and 2.8 % while reducing the reactant consumption by 9.7 % compared to the basic demulsifier.

scholarly journals A Techno-economic Evaluation of Adding Silica Nanoparticles to Enhance the Demulsification Process in a Crude Oil Central Processing Facility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shireen Hassan ◽  
Babiker Abdalla ◽  
Mustafa Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Software Model ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
Demulsification Process

In this study, a techno-economic evaluation of the use of silica nanoparticles to enhance the demulsification process, in crude oil, has been investigated. A software model has been developed in MS Excel of the central processing facility (CPF). A sensitivity analysis of key parameters on production cost and Net Present Value (NPV) has been carried out for different flowsheet selection options. Comparison of flowsheets on an equal plant capacity basis results in a 19% reduction in the production cost whereas comparison on a fixed annual crude oil processing basis results in a reduction in production cost of only 3.7%.

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