scholarly journals Gibberellin production variability in Fusarium fujikuroi and its contributory factor

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Haruhisa Suga
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Production Variability ◽  
Gibberellin Production

scholarly journals Genetic Differentiation Associated with Fumonisin and Gibberellin Production in JapaneseFusarium fujikuroi

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhisa Suga ◽  
Mitsuhiro Arai ◽  
Emi Fukasawa ◽  
Keiichi Motohashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Bakanae Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gibberellin Production

ABSTRACTFusarium fujikuroiis a pathogenic fungus that infects rice. It produces several important mycotoxins, such as fumonisins. Fumonisin production has been detected in strains of maize, strawberry, and wheat, whereas it has not been detected in strains from rice seedlings infested with bakanae disease in Japan. We investigated the genetic relationships, pathogenicity, and resistance to a fungicide, thiophanate-methyl (TM), in 51 fumonisin-producing strains and 44 nonproducing strains. Phylogenetic analyses based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and two specific genes (a combined sequence of translation elongation factor 1α [TEF1α] and RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit [RPB2]) indicated differential clustering between the fumonisin-producing and -nonproducing strains. One of the AFLP markers, EATMCAY107, was specifically present in the fumonisin-producing strains. A specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) between the fumonisin-producing and nonproducing strains was also detected inRPB2, in addition to an SNP previously found inTEF1α. Gibberellin production was higher in the nonproducing than in the producing strains according to anin vitroassay, and the nonproducing strains had the strongest pathogenicity with regard to rice seedlings. TM resistance was closely correlated with the cluster of fumonisin-nonproducing strains. The results indicate that intraspecific evolution in JapaneseF. fujikuroiis associated with fumonisin production and pathogenicity. Two subgroups of JapaneseF. fujikuroi, designated G group and F group, were distinguished based on phylogenetic differences and the high production of gibberellin and fumonisin, respectively.IMPORTANCEFusarium fujikuroiis a pathogenic fungus that causes rice bakanae disease. Historically, this pathogen has been known asFusarium moniliforme, along with many other species based on a broad species concept. Gibberellin, which is currently known as a plant hormone, is a virulence factor ofF. fujikuroi. Fumonisin is a carcinogenic mycotoxin posing a serious threat to food and feed safety. Although it has been confirmed thatF. fujikuroiproduces gibberellin and fumonisin, production varies among strains, and individual production has been obscured by the traditional appellation ofF. moniliforme, difficulties in species identification, and variation in the assays used to determine the production of these secondary metabolites. In this study, we discovered two phylogenetic subgroups associated with fumonisin and gibberellin production in JapaneseF. fujikuroi.

scholarly journals Neurosporaxanthin Overproduction by Fusarium fujikuroi and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Properties

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obdulia Parra-Rivero ◽  
Marcelo Paes de Barros ◽  
María del Mar Prado ◽  
José-Vicente Gil ◽  
Dámaso Hornero-Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Oxygen Absorption ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Gibberellin Production

Neurosporaxanthin (NX) is a carboxylic carotenoid produced by some filamentous fungi, including species of the genera Neurospora and Fusarium. NX biosynthetic genes and their regulation have been thoroughly investigated in Fusarium fujikuroi, an industrial fungus used for gibberellin production. In this species, carotenoid-overproducing mutants, affected in the regulatory gene carS, exhibit an upregulated expression of the NX pathway. Based on former data on a stimulatory effect of nitrogen starvation on carotenoid biosynthesis, we developed culture conditions with carS mutants allowing the production of deep-pigmented mycelia. With this method, we obtained samples with ca. 8 mg NX/g dry mass, in turn the highest concentration for this carotenoid described so far. NX-rich extracts obtained from these samples were used in parallel with carS-complemented NX-poor extracts obtained under the same conditions, to check the antioxidant properties of this carotenoid in in vitro assays. NX-rich extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than NX-poor extracts, either when considering their quenching activity against [O2(1Δg)] in organic solvent (singlet oxygen absorption capacity (SOAC) assays) or their scavenging activity against different free radicals in aqueous solution and in liposomes. These results make NX a promising carotenoid as a possible feed or food additive, and encourage further studies on its chemical properties.

scholarly journals Regulation of Carotenogenesis and Secondary Metabolism by Nitrogen in Wild-Type Fusarium fujikuroi and Carotenoid-Overproducing Mutants

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Rodríguez-Ortiz ◽  
M. Carmen Limón ◽  
Javier Avalos
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Gibberellin Production ◽  
In The Wild

ABSTRACT The fungus Fusarium fujikuroi (Gibberella fujikuroi MP-C) produces metabolites of biotechnological interest, such as gibberellins, bikaverins, and carotenoids. Gibberellin and bikaverin productions are induced upon nitrogen exhaustion, while carotenoid accumulation is stimulated by light. We evaluated the effect of nitrogen availability on carotenogenesis in comparison with bikaverin and gibberellin production in the wild type and in carotenoid-overproducing mutants (carS). Nitrogen starvation increased carotenoid accumulation in all strains tested. In carS strains, gibberellin and bikaverin biosynthesis patterns differed from those of the wild type and paralleled the expression of key genes for both pathways, coding for geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) and kaurene synthases for the former and a polyketide synthase for the latter. These results suggest regulatory connections between carotenoid biosynthesis and nitrogen-controlled biosynthetic pathways in this fungus. Expression of gene ggs1, which encodes a second GGPP synthase, was also derepressed in the carS mutants, suggesting the participation of Ggs1 in carotenoid biosynthesis. The carS mutations did not affect genes for earlier steps of the terpenoid pathway, such as fppS or hmgR. Light induced carotenoid biosynthesis in the wild type and carRA and carB levels in the wild-type and carS strains irrespective of nitrogen availability.

scholarly journals Loss of Gibberellin Production in Fusarium verticillioides (Gibberella fujikuroi MP-A) Is Due to a Deletion in the Gibberellic Acid Gene Cluster

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (24) ◽  
pp. 7790-7801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Bömke ◽  
Maria C. Rojas ◽  
Peter Hedden ◽  
Bettina Tudzynski
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Biosynthesis Gene Cluster ◽  
Gibberellin Production

ABSTRACT Fusarium verticillioides (Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A [MP-A]) is a widespread pathogen on maize and is well-known for producing fumonisins, mycotoxins that cause severe disease in animals and humans. The species is a member of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex, which consists of at least 11 different biological species, termed MP-A to -K. All members of this species complex are known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites. The production of gibberellins (GAs), a group of diterpenoid plant hormones, is mainly restricted to Fusarium fujikuroi (G. fujikuroi MP-C) and Fusarium konzum (MP-I), although most members of the G. fujikuroi species complex contain the GA biosynthesis gene cluster or parts of it. In this work, we show that the inability to produce GAs in F. verticillioides (MP-A) is due to the loss of a majority of the GA gene cluster as found in F. fujikuroi. The remaining part of the cluster consists of the full-length F. verticillioides des gene (Fvdes), encoding the GA4 desaturase, and the coding region of FvP450-4, encoding the ent-kaurene oxidase. Both genes share a high degree of sequence identity with the corresponding genes of F. fujikuroi. The GA production capacity of F. verticillioides was restored by transforming a cosmid with the entire GA gene cluster from F. fujikuroi, indicating the existence of an active regulation system in F. verticillioides. Furthermore, the GA4 desaturase gene des from F. verticillioides encodes an active enzyme which was able to restore the GA production in a corresponding des deletion mutant of F. fujikuroi.

Improvement of gibberellin production by a newly isolated Fusarium fujikuroi mutant

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1620-1632
Author(s):  
B. Zhang ◽  
Z. Lei ◽  
Z.‐Q. Liu ◽  
Y.‐G. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Gibberellin Production

scholarly journals Different Phenotypes, Similar Genomes: Three Newly Sequenced Fusarium fujikuroi Strains Induce Different Symptoms in Rice Depending on Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-665
Author(s):  
Edoardo Piombo ◽  
Pietro Bosio ◽  
Alberto Acquadro ◽  
Pamela Abbruscato ◽  
Davide Spadaro
Keyword(s):  
Gene Prediction ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Bakanae Disease ◽  
Gibberellin Production ◽  
Variant Analysis

Bakanae, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, is one of the most important diseases of rice and is attributed to up to 75% of losses, depending on the strain and environmental conditions. Some strains cause elongation and thin leaves, whereas others induce stunting and chlorotic seedlings. Differences in symptoms are attributed to genetic differences in the strains. F. fujikuroi strains Augusto2, CSV1, and I1.3 were sequenced with Illumina MiSeq, and pathogenicity trials were conducted on rice cultivar Galileo, which is susceptible to bakanae. By performing gene prediction, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calling, and structural variant analysis with a reference genome, we show how an extremely limited number of polymorphisms in genes not commonly associated with bakanae disease can cause strong differences in phenotype. CSV1 and Augusto2 were particularly close, with only 21,887 SNPs between them, but they differed in virulence, reaction to temperature, induced symptoms, colony morphology and color, growth speed, fumonisin, and gibberellin production. Genes potentially involved in the shift in phenotype were identified. Furthermore, we show how temperature variation may result in different symptoms even in rice plants inoculated with the same F. fujikuroi strain. Moreover, all of the F. fujikuroi strains became more virulent at higher temperatures. Significant differences were likewise observed in gibberellic acid production and in the expression of both fungal and plant gibberellin biosynthetic genes.

scholarly journals Light-Dependent Functions of the Fusarium fujikuroi CryD DASH Cryptochrome in Development and Secondary Metabolism

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 2777-2788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Castrillo ◽  
Jorge García-Martínez ◽  
Javier Avalos
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gibberellin Production ◽  
In The Wild

ABSTRACTDASH (Drosophila,Arabidopsis,Synechocystis, human) cryptochromes (cry-DASHs) constitute a subgroup of the photolyase cryptochrome family with diverse light-sensing roles, found in most taxonomical groups. The genome ofFusarium fujikuroi, a phytopathogenic fungus with a rich secondary metabolism, contains a gene encoding a putative cry-DASH, named CryD. The expression of thecryDgene is induced by light in the wild type, but not in mutants of the “white collar” genewcoA. Targeted ΔcryDmutants show light-dependent phenotypic alterations, including changes in morphology and pigmentation, which disappear upon reintroduction of a wild-typecryDallele. In addition to microconidia, the colonies of the ΔcryDmutants produced under illumination and nitrogen starvation large septated spores called macroconidia, absent in wild-type colonies. The ΔcryDmutants accumulated similar amounts of carotenoids to the control strain under constant illumination, but produced much larger amounts of bikaverin under nitrogen starvation, indicating a repressing role for CryD in this biosynthetic pathway. Additionally, a moderate photoinduction of gibberellin production was exhibited by the wild type but not by the ΔcryDmutants. The phenotypic alterations of the ΔcryDmutants were only noticeable in the light, as expected from the low expression ofcryDin the dark, but did not correlate with mRNA levels for structural genes of the bikaverin or gibberellin biosynthetic pathways, suggesting the participation of CryD in posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms. This is the first report on the participation of a cry-DASH protein in the regulation of fungal secondary metabolism.

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