scholarly journals Genetic Differentiation Associated with Fumonisin and Gibberellin Production in JapaneseFusarium fujikuroi

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhisa Suga ◽  
Mitsuhiro Arai ◽  
Emi Fukasawa ◽  
Keiichi Motohashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Bakanae Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gibberellin Production

ABSTRACTFusarium fujikuroiis a pathogenic fungus that infects rice. It produces several important mycotoxins, such as fumonisins. Fumonisin production has been detected in strains of maize, strawberry, and wheat, whereas it has not been detected in strains from rice seedlings infested with bakanae disease in Japan. We investigated the genetic relationships, pathogenicity, and resistance to a fungicide, thiophanate-methyl (TM), in 51 fumonisin-producing strains and 44 nonproducing strains. Phylogenetic analyses based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and two specific genes (a combined sequence of translation elongation factor 1α [TEF1α] and RNA polymerase II second-largest subunit [RPB2]) indicated differential clustering between the fumonisin-producing and -nonproducing strains. One of the AFLP markers, EATMCAY107, was specifically present in the fumonisin-producing strains. A specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) between the fumonisin-producing and nonproducing strains was also detected inRPB2, in addition to an SNP previously found inTEF1α. Gibberellin production was higher in the nonproducing than in the producing strains according to anin vitroassay, and the nonproducing strains had the strongest pathogenicity with regard to rice seedlings. TM resistance was closely correlated with the cluster of fumonisin-nonproducing strains. The results indicate that intraspecific evolution in JapaneseF. fujikuroiis associated with fumonisin production and pathogenicity. Two subgroups of JapaneseF. fujikuroi, designated G group and F group, were distinguished based on phylogenetic differences and the high production of gibberellin and fumonisin, respectively.IMPORTANCEFusarium fujikuroiis a pathogenic fungus that causes rice bakanae disease. Historically, this pathogen has been known asFusarium moniliforme, along with many other species based on a broad species concept. Gibberellin, which is currently known as a plant hormone, is a virulence factor ofF. fujikuroi. Fumonisin is a carcinogenic mycotoxin posing a serious threat to food and feed safety. Although it has been confirmed thatF. fujikuroiproduces gibberellin and fumonisin, production varies among strains, and individual production has been obscured by the traditional appellation ofF. moniliforme, difficulties in species identification, and variation in the assays used to determine the production of these secondary metabolites. In this study, we discovered two phylogenetic subgroups associated with fumonisin and gibberellin production in JapaneseF. fujikuroi.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Xylella fastidiosa Strains via Multilocus Sequence Analysis of Environmentally Mediated Genes (MLSA-E)

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1385-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Parker ◽  
Justin C. Havird ◽  
Leonardo De La Fuente
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Analysis ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTIsolates of the plant pathogenXylella fastidiosaare genetically very similar, but studies on their biological traits have indicated differences in virulence and infection symptomatology. Taxonomic analyses have identified several subspecies, and phylogenetic analyses of housekeeping genes have shown broad host-based genetic differences; however, results are still inconclusive for genetic differentiation of isolates within subspecies. This study employs multilocus sequence analysis of environmentally mediated genes (MLSA-E; genes influenced by environmental factors) to investigateX. fastidiosarelationships and differentiate isolates with low genetic variability. Potential environmentally mediated genes, including host colonization and survival genes related to infection establishment, were identifieda priori. The ratio of the rate of nonsynonymous substitutions to the rate of synonymous substitutions (dN/dS) was calculated to select genes that may be under increased positive selection compared to previously studied housekeeping genes. Nine genes were sequenced from 54X. fastidiosaisolates infecting different host plants across the United States. Results of maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian phylogenetic (BP) analyses are in agreement with knownX. fastidiosasubspecies clades but show novel within-subspecies differentiation, including geographic differentiation, and provide additional information regarding host-based isolate variation and specificity.dN/dSratios of environmentally mediated genes, though <1 due to high sequence similarity, are significantly greater than housekeeping genedN/dSratios and correlate with increased sequence variability. MLSA-E can more precisely resolve relationships between closely related bacterial strains with low genetic variability, such asX. fastidiosaisolates. Discovering the genetic relationships betweenX. fastidiosaisolates will provide new insights into the epidemiology of populations ofX. fastidiosa, allowing improved disease management in economically important crops.

scholarly journals Different Phenotypes, Similar Genomes: Three Newly Sequenced Fusarium fujikuroi Strains Induce Different Symptoms in Rice Depending on Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-665
Author(s):  
Edoardo Piombo ◽  
Pietro Bosio ◽  
Alberto Acquadro ◽  
Pamela Abbruscato ◽  
Davide Spadaro
Keyword(s):  
Gene Prediction ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Bakanae Disease ◽  
Gibberellin Production ◽  
Variant Analysis

Bakanae, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, is one of the most important diseases of rice and is attributed to up to 75% of losses, depending on the strain and environmental conditions. Some strains cause elongation and thin leaves, whereas others induce stunting and chlorotic seedlings. Differences in symptoms are attributed to genetic differences in the strains. F. fujikuroi strains Augusto2, CSV1, and I1.3 were sequenced with Illumina MiSeq, and pathogenicity trials were conducted on rice cultivar Galileo, which is susceptible to bakanae. By performing gene prediction, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calling, and structural variant analysis with a reference genome, we show how an extremely limited number of polymorphisms in genes not commonly associated with bakanae disease can cause strong differences in phenotype. CSV1 and Augusto2 were particularly close, with only 21,887 SNPs between them, but they differed in virulence, reaction to temperature, induced symptoms, colony morphology and color, growth speed, fumonisin, and gibberellin production. Genes potentially involved in the shift in phenotype were identified. Furthermore, we show how temperature variation may result in different symptoms even in rice plants inoculated with the same F. fujikuroi strain. Moreover, all of the F. fujikuroi strains became more virulent at higher temperatures. Significant differences were likewise observed in gibberellic acid production and in the expression of both fungal and plant gibberellin biosynthetic genes.

scholarly journals Redefining species limits in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Yilmaz ◽  
M. Sandoval-Denis ◽  
L. Lombard ◽  
C.M. Visagie ◽  
B.D. Wingfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Three New Species

The Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) includes more than 60 phylogenetic species (phylospecies) with both phytopathological and clinical importance. Because of their economical relevance, a stable taxonomy and nomenclature is crucial for species in the FFSC. To attain this goal, we examined type specimens and representative cultures of several species by employing morphology and phylogenetic analyses based on partial gene fragments of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), beta-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cmdA), RNA polymerase largest subunit (rpb1) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2). Based on these results three new species were delimited in the FFSC. Two of these phylospecies clustered within the African clade, and one in the American clade. Epitypes were also designated for six previously described FFSC species including F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, and a neotype designated for F. subglutinans. Furthermore, both F. acutatum and F. ophioides, which were previously invalidly published, are validated.

scholarly journals Spray Application of Nonpathogenic Fusaria onto Rice Flowers Controls Bakanae Disease (Caused by Fusarium fujikuroi) in the Next Plant Generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Saito ◽  
Mai Sasaki ◽  
Yoko Nonaka ◽  
Jun Tanaka ◽  
Tomomi Tokunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Bakanae Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Abnormal Tissue ◽  
Spray Treatment

ABSTRACT Bakanae disease, caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, is an economically important seed-borne disease of rice. F. fujikuroi is horizontally transmitted to rice flowers and vertically transmitted to the next generation via seeds. The fungus induces typical symptoms such as abnormal tissue elongation and etiolation. Sanitation of seed farms and seed disinfection are the only effective means to control bakanae disease at present; however, the efficacy of these methods is often insufficient. Therefore, alternative and innovative control methods are necessary. We developed a novel method for applying nonpathogenic fusaria as biocontrol agents by spraying spore suspensions onto rice flowers to reduce the incidence of seed-borne bakanae. We visualized the interaction between Fusarium commune W5, a nonpathogenic fusarium, and Fusarium fujikuroi using transformants expressing two different fluorescent proteins on/in rice plants. W5 inhibited hyphal extension of F. fujikuroi on/in rice flowers and seedlings, possibly by competing with the pathogen, and survived on/in rice seeds for at least 6 months. IMPORTANCE We demonstrated that a spray treatment of rice flowers with the spores of nonpathogenic fusaria mimicked the disease cycle of the seed-borne bakanae pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi and effectively suppressed the disease. Spray treatment of nonpathogenic fusaria reduced the degree of pathogen invasion of rice flowers and vertical transmission of the pathogen to the next plant generation via seeds, thereby controlling the bakanae disease. The most promising isolate, F. commune W5, colonized seeds and seedlings via treated flowers and successfully inhibited pathogen invasion, suggesting that competition with the pathogen was the mode of action. Seed-borne diseases are often controlled by seed treatment with chemical fungicides. Establishing an alternative method is a pressing issue from the perspectives of limiting fungicide resistance and increasing food security. This work provides a potential solution to these issues using a novel application technique to treat rice flowers with biocontrol agents.

scholarly journals Gibberella fujikuroi (Sawada) Wollenweber, the new parasitical fungus on rice in the Republic of Macedonia

2009 ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilija Karov ◽  
Sasa Mitrev ◽  
Emilija Kostadinovska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Recent Observation ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Bakanae Disease ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Continuous Field

The recent observation of Gibberella fujikuroi (Sawada) Wollenworth (teleomorph) (anamorf: Fusarium moniliforme Sheld.) Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg (anamorph), F. moniliforme J. Sheld. (synonym), the causal agent of Bakanae disease in rice fields, provides an opportunity to observe the characteristics of the pathogen and the possibility of prevention in Kocani area. Plant material with Gibberella fujikuroi symptoms was collected from rice (Oryza sativa) over the period of 3 years (from 2006 to 2008). Within this study, the presence and damage caused by this pathogenic fungus were confirmed. The objective of this study was a continuous field observation of symptoms in order to establish the percentage of infection and use of laboratory methods for proper protection.

scholarly journals Light-Dependent Functions of the Fusarium fujikuroi CryD DASH Cryptochrome in Development and Secondary Metabolism

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 2777-2788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Castrillo ◽  
Jorge García-Martínez ◽  
Javier Avalos
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gibberellin Production ◽  
In The Wild

ABSTRACTDASH (Drosophila,Arabidopsis,Synechocystis, human) cryptochromes (cry-DASHs) constitute a subgroup of the photolyase cryptochrome family with diverse light-sensing roles, found in most taxonomical groups. The genome ofFusarium fujikuroi, a phytopathogenic fungus with a rich secondary metabolism, contains a gene encoding a putative cry-DASH, named CryD. The expression of thecryDgene is induced by light in the wild type, but not in mutants of the “white collar” genewcoA. Targeted ΔcryDmutants show light-dependent phenotypic alterations, including changes in morphology and pigmentation, which disappear upon reintroduction of a wild-typecryDallele. In addition to microconidia, the colonies of the ΔcryDmutants produced under illumination and nitrogen starvation large septated spores called macroconidia, absent in wild-type colonies. The ΔcryDmutants accumulated similar amounts of carotenoids to the control strain under constant illumination, but produced much larger amounts of bikaverin under nitrogen starvation, indicating a repressing role for CryD in this biosynthetic pathway. Additionally, a moderate photoinduction of gibberellin production was exhibited by the wild type but not by the ΔcryDmutants. The phenotypic alterations of the ΔcryDmutants were only noticeable in the light, as expected from the low expression ofcryDin the dark, but did not correlate with mRNA levels for structural genes of the bikaverin or gibberellin biosynthetic pathways, suggesting the participation of CryD in posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms. This is the first report on the participation of a cry-DASH protein in the regulation of fungal secondary metabolism.

scholarly journals Multilocus phylogenies reveal three new truffle-like taxa and the traces of interspecific hybridization in Octaviania (Boletaceae, Boletales)

IMA Fungus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamichi Orihara ◽  
Rosanne Healy ◽  
Adriana Corrales ◽  
Matthew E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Gene Tree ◽  
Phylogenetic Network ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Tree Comparison ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
The Usa

ABSTRACTAmong many convergently evolved sequestrate fungal genera in Boletaceae (Boletales, Basidiomycota), the genus Octaviania is the most diverse. We recently collected many specimens of Octaviania subg. Octaviania, including several undescribed taxa, from Japan and the Americas. Here we describe two new species in subgenus Octaviania, O. tenuipes and O. tomentosa, from temperate to subtropical evergreen Fagaceae forests in Japan based on morphological observation and robust multilocus phylogenetic analyses (nrDNA ITS and partial large subunit [LSU], translation elongation factor 1-α gene [TEF1] and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene [RPB1]). Based on specimens from the Americas as well as studies of the holotype, we also taxonomically re-evaluate O. asterosperma var. potteri. Our analysis suggests that O. asterosperma var. potteri is a distinct taxon within the subgenus Octaviania so we recognize this as O. potteri stat. nov. We unexpectedly collected O. potteri specimens from geographically widespread sites in the USA, Japan and Colombia. This is the first verified report of Octaviania from the South American continent. Our molecular analyses also revealed that the RPB1 sequence of one O. tenuipes specimen was identical to that of a closely related species, O. japonimontana, and that one O. potteri specimen from Minnesota had an RPB1 sequence of an unknown species of O. subg. Octaviania. Additionally, one O. japonimontana specimen had an unusually divergent TEF1 sequence. Gene-tree comparison and phylogenetic network analysis of the multilocus dataset suggest that these heterogenous sequences are most likely the result of previous inter- and intra-specific hybridization. We hypothesize that frequent hybridization events in Octaviania may have promoted the high genetic and species diversity found within the genus.

scholarly journals Genotyping-by-Sequencing of Gossypium hirsutum Races and Cultivars Uncovers Novel Patterns of Genetic Relationships and Domestication Footprints

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117693431988994
Author(s):  
Shulin Zhang ◽  
Yaling Cai ◽  
Jinggong Guo ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Renhai Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Candidate Gene Locus

Determining the genetic rearrangement and domestication footprints in Gossypium hirsutum cultivars and primitive race genotypes are essential for effective gene conservation efforts and the development of advanced breeding molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding. In this study, 94 accessions representing the 7 primitive races of G hirsutum, along with 9 G hirsutum and 12 Gossypium barbadense cultivated accessions were evaluated. The genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach was employed and 146 558 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were generated. Distinct SNP signatures were identified through the combination of selection scans and association analyses. Phylogenetic analyses were also conducted, and we concluded that the Latifolium, Richmondi, and Marie-Galante race accessions were more genetically related to the G hirsutum cultivars and tend to cluster together. Fifty-four outlier SNP loci were identified by selection-scan analysis, and 3 SNPs were located in genes related to the processes of plant responding to stress conditions and confirmed through further genome-wide signals of marker-phenotype association analysis, which indicate a clear selection signature for such trait. These results identified useful candidate gene locus for cotton breeding programs.

scholarly journals Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. nov., an alkaliphilic, halotolerant actinobacteria isolated from the western Pacific Ocean

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_2) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaiyun Zhang ◽  
Yubian Zhang ◽  
Xijie Yin ◽  
Shuang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Western Pacific Ocean ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Western Pacific

A Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, motile and non-spore-forming actinobacteria, designated strain F10T, was isolated from a deep-sea sediment of the western Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic and phenotypic properties of the organism supported that it belonged to the genus Nesterenkonia . Strain F10T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 % with Nesterenkonia aethiopica DSM 17733T, followed by Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097T (96.7 %) and Nesterenkonia alba CAAS 252T (96.6 %). The organism grew at 4–50 °C, at pH 7.0–12.0 and in the presence of 0–12 % (w/v) NaCl, with optimal growth occurring at 40 °C, at pH 9.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. The peptidoglycan type was A4(alpha), l-Lys–Gly–l-Glu. The polar lipid profile of strain F10T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown glycolipids and two unknown lipids. The isolate contained MK-9 (92 %) and MK-8 (5.8 %) as the major components of the menaquinone system, and anteiso-C17 : 0 (50.9 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (29.8 %) as the predominant fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain F10T was 66.2 mol%. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain F10T represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia for which the name Nesterenkonia alkaliphila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F10T ( = LMG 28112T = CGMCC 1.12781T = JCM 19766T = MCCC 1A09946T).

Sequencing of non-virulent strains of Fusarium fujikuroi reveals genes putatively involved in bakanae disease of rice

2021 ◽  
pp. 103622
Author(s):  
Edoardo Piombo ◽  
Marco Rosati ◽  
Martina Sanna ◽  
Monica Mezzalama ◽  
M. Lodovica Gullino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Fujikuroi ◽  
Bakanae Disease ◽  
Virulent Strains
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