scholarly journals Interpretation of the Images of Qing Judges in the Illustrated Woodblock Editions and Popular Prints Nianhua

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Zavidovskaia ◽  
Tatiana I. Vinogradova ◽  
Dmitri I. Maiatskii
Keyword(s):  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Court Case ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
Woodblock Prints ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Book Illustrations ◽  
Case Stories

The paper aims to analyze different types of illustrations of court case gong`an公案stories featuring Qing dynasty judges Shi-gong 施公 and Peng-gong 鵬公 found in the late Qing woodblock editions and popular woodblock prints nianhua年畫 in order to figure out how tales about imperial ‘fair officials’ have been reflected in book illustrations and in popular prints nianhua年畫. Popular prints from various Russian and foreign collections mostly depict episodes featuring Qing dynasty judges Shi Shilun (施世綸, dec. 1722), originally a protagonist of the novel “Criminal Cases of Judge Shi” (施公案Shigong an, preface dated 1798), and Peng Peng (彭鹏, 1637–1704) from the novel “Criminal Cases of Judge Peng” (彭公案Penggongan, 1871) by Tanmeng Daoren貪夢道人. “Shi-gong plays” about Judge Shi and his friends gained popularity during the Daoguang period (1821–1850), however Judge Shi was no longer their central protagonist. The popular prints mostly depict martial scenes from these plays based on the court case stories. This research claims to define sources of various types of illustrations and clarify connections between book illustrations, popular prints and drama.

scholarly journals PEMBENTUKAN NOVEL NIEHAI HUA DALAM KONTEKS MASYRAKAT PADA AKHIR DINASTI QING (THE FORMATION OF NOVEL NIEHAI HUA IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIETY AT THE LATE QING DYNASTY)

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Wong Soon Dee
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Late Qing Dynasty ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
The Late Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Creation

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pembentukan novel Niehai Hua dalam konteks masyarakat pada akhir Dinasti Qing. Teori lapangan Bourdieu telah diaplikasikan dalam kajian ini dan novel Niehai Hua diletakkan dalam suatu lapangan yang berunsurkan masyarakat akhir Dinasti Qing untuk membincang secara menyeluruh tentang pengaruhnya terhadap penulisan novel Niehai Hua. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengalaman kehidupan dan latar masyarakat yang dialami oleh Zeng Pu telah mempengaruhi pemikirannya dalam penulisan dan pembentukan tema novel ini. Kandungan yang dihuraikan dalam novel Niehai Hua berkait rapat dengan realiti masyarakat, maka tema-tema novel ini telah merangkumi kritikan mengenai kemerosotan politik akhir Dinasti Qing, pendedahan tentang pencerobohan kuasa-kuasa imperialisme serta pujian terhadap ideologi pembaharuan dan revolusi. Kesimpulan daripada kajian menunjukkan pengaruh latar masyarakat akhir Dinasti Qing dan latar belakang kehidupan Zeng Pu terhadap penulisan Niehai Hua adalah penting untuk memahami pembentukan novel ini secara terperinci. Implikasi kajian ini dapat membantu kita untuk membuat penilaian semula tentang kedudukan novel akhir Dinasti Qing dalam kesusasteraan China. (This study was aimed to review the formation of the novel Niehai Hua in the context of the society during the late Qing Dynasty. Bourdieu’s field theory has been applied in this study and the novel Niehai Hua was placed in a field that characterises the society of the late Qing Dynasty in order to discuss thoroughly its influence over the novel writing. The findings showed that the life and background of the society experienced by Zeng Pu has influenced his thinking in the writing and the creation of the themes of the novel. The content described in the novel Niehai Hua was closely related to the reality of society. Hence, the themes of this novel include criticism of political decline of the late Qing Dynasty, exposure of the aggression of imperialism power and the compliment towards the ideology of reformation and revolution. As a conclusion, the background of the society during the late Qing Dynasty and biobibliography of Zeng Pu have influenced the writing of Niehai Hua which are important for us to understand the formation of this novel. The implications of this study helps us to make a reassessment of the position of the late Qing Dynasty novel in Chinese literature.)

scholarly journals Destruction of Patriarchal Society by Nu Shu in Snow Flower and Secret Fan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Xingjie Du
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Late Qing Dynasty ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
Feudal Society ◽  
Patriarchal Society

Lisa See’s Snow Flower and Secret Fan is set in Emperor Taoguang period-late Qing Dynasty that is featured by patriarchal society. One of typical features of the patriarchal society is that the male is the center of everything, while the female is in a disadvantaged position, which is clearly shown in the novel. However, Laotong–a kind of woman’s friendship in the novel can be regarded as a sort of female rebellion to the patriarchal society. They communicate with each other in a special way that men have no access to, which in a way wins more space for women in feudal society in which men always are in dominated position in terms of social status in family or society. The paper is going to discuss how this nu shu narrative destructs the patriarchal society and strives for more space for women, breaking the yoke of man’s gaze and power.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Novels and Plays about Song Dynasty Judge Bao in the Chinese Illustrated Woodblock Editions and Popular Prints nianhua

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-399
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Zavidovskaia ◽  
◽  
Tatiana I. Vinogradova ◽  
Dmitry I. Maiatskii ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Song Dynasty ◽  
The State ◽  
Court Case ◽  
The Novel ◽  
State University ◽  
Book Illustration ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
University Library ◽  
Woodblock Prints

The article aims to analyze various illustrations of court case stories about Song dynasty judge Bao Zheng (包拯, also named as Bao-gong 包公, Bao Longtu 包龍圖, 999–1062), found in Qing woodblock editions of the novel and popular woodblock prints nianhua, in order to determine how tales about the famous incorruptible judge have been transformed in the visual culture of late imperial times. The authors discovered several woodblock editions of novels about Judge Bao-gong, or Bao Dragon-Design (Bao Longtu), in the St. Petersburg State University library including one illustrated edition and several non-illustrated ones. The State Hermitage and other Russian collections hold an impressive number of popular prints depicting scenes from the traditional drama based on Judge Bao stories, while only several of them refer directly to literary pieces, being mostly scenes from the plays. The protagonists are shown wearing theatrical make-up matching their theatrical character, Judge Bao is recognized by a black-colored face symbolizing his astuteness and uncorrupted nature. The article attempts to find connections between Shi Yukun’s 石玉昆 novel “The Three Heroes and Five Gallants” (Sanxiawuyi 三俠五義, 1879), the traditional drama plays and nianhua prints featuring Judge Bao, which proliferated in the late 19th — early 20th centuries. This research claims to define sources of various types of illustrations and clarify connections between book illustration, popular prints and drama.

scholarly journals CRISPR-Cas System: The Powerful Modulator of Accessory Genomes in Prokaryotes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Anca Butiuc-Keul ◽  
Anca Farkas ◽  
Rahela Carpa ◽  
Dumitrana Iordache
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Guide Rnas ◽  
Crispr Array ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Cas Proteins

Being frequently exposed to foreign nucleic acids, bacteria and archaea have developed an ingenious adaptive defense system, called CRISPR-Cas. The system is composed of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) array, together with CRISPR (<i>cas</i>)-associated genes. This system consists of a complex machinery that integrates fragments of foreign nucleic acids from viruses and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), into CRISPR arrays. The inserted segments (spacers) are transcribed and then used by cas proteins as guide RNAs for recognition and inactivation of the targets. Different types and families of CRISPR-Cas systems consist of distinct adaptation and effector modules with evolutionary trajectories, partially independent. The origin of the effector modules and the mechanism of spacer integration/deletion is far less clear. A review of the most recent data regarding the structure, ecology, and evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems and their role in the modulation of accessory genomes in prokaryotes is proposed in this article. The CRISPR-Cas system&apos;s impact on the physiology and ecology of prokaryotes, modulation of horizontal gene transfer events, is also discussed here. This system gained popularity after it was proposed as a tool for plant and animal embryo editing, in cancer therapy, as antimicrobial against pathogenic bacteria, and even for combating the novel coronavirus – SARS-CoV-2; thus, the newest and promising applications are reviewed as well.

scholarly journals Asia's Declining Death Penalty

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Human History ◽  
Late Qing Dynasty ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
Privileged Position ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ancient Israel ◽  
Capital Crimes

For most cultures and most of human history, the death penalty was taken for granted and directed at a wide range of offenders. In ancient Israel, death was prescribed for everything from murder and magic to blasphemy, bestiality, and cursing one's parents. In eighteenth-century Britain, more than 200 crimes were punishable by death, including theft, cutting down a tree, and robbing a rabbit warren. China of the late Qing dynasty had some 850 capital crimes, many reflecting the privileged position of male over female and senior over junior.

PRAGMATIC POTENTIAL OF AUTHOR’S AND TRANSFORMED PHRASEOLOGIES IN THE WORK OF CARLOS RUIZ ZAFÓN «THE PRISONER OF HEAVEN»

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Bovsunivska A. Yu.
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Textual Space ◽  
Different Types ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Individual Style

The article is devoted to the study of pragmatic aspects of the use of phraseology in the textual space of Carlos Ruiz Safón’s novel «Prisoner of Heaven». One of the defining features of the individual style of this well-known modern Spanish writer is the metaphoricity and figuration of aristic expression, the saturation of the text with phraseological units that play a significant role in creating a pragmatic charge of the work of art. Along with general linguistic phraseological units, which include commonly-used vocabulary, the author uses dialectal and authorial phraseological units, which is a feature of his individual style. All three designated groups of phraseological units mostly reflect the negative psychophysical and emotional state of the characters. The author uses dialectal, individually-authorial and modified phraseological units, which is a feature of his individual style. It is determined that transformation is one of the most productive and most effective ways to update linguistic means in works of art. Author’s modification of FU leads to a change in the semantics and structure of expression, gives it a more expressive or emotional coloring. Transformed phraseology is limited to individual usage and is subject to the context of the work. Modified FUs in the Zafón’s artistic space acquire certain aesthetic and artistic qualities. Their modification is mainly to create the desired stylistic effect – to achieve emotional or expressive expression, which increases the reader’s interest, focuses on the content, issues of the work, as well as reveals the potential expressive potential of the Spanish language. In the transformed FUs, not just a new meaning is traced, but a combination of the well-known and the occasional. The unique combination of different types of phraseological units in the novel is considered a manifestation of individual style and makes a representation of the individually-authorial linguistic picture of the world more expressive.

Language representation in the Spanish, Italian and French versions of Xiaolu Guo’s A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers: On the translation of ungrammatical idiolect and language-based jokes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-99
Author(s):  
F. Javier Díaz-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Opposite Pole ◽  
Language Representation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chinese Girl ◽  
Basic English

AbstractXiaolu Guo’s A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers is a novel in which language has a special protagonism. The main character, Z, is a Chinese girl who goes to London to improve her basic English. Her idiolect is thus characterised by a great quantity of linguistic errors of different types. This lack of proficiency in English makes cross-cultural communication really difficult. Therefore, language becomes in this novel not only a characterisation tool, but also an essential aspect of the plot. Moreover, it is also a paramount source of humour, since there is plenty of jokes based, for instance, on puns, many of which derive from Z’s lack of linguistic competence. The main objective of this paper is to analyse language representation in the source text as well as in the Spanish, Italian and French versions of the novel from the perspective of relevance theory. Out of the three versions, the Spanish one reflects the highest interpretive resemblance in this regard, whereas the Italian one occupies the opposite pole of the scale. With regard to the translation of wordplay, the pragmatic scenario is normally maintained in the TT, although there are statistically significant differences between the three versions and across different types of puns.

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