scholarly journals Does Cardiac Rehabilitation After an Acute Cardiac Syndrome Lead to Changes in Physical Activity Habits? Systematic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nienke ter Hoeve ◽  
Bionka M.A. Huisstede ◽  
Henk J. Stam ◽  
Ron T. van Domburg ◽  
Madoka Sunamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Best Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

BackgroundOptimal physical activity levels have health benefits for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and are an important goal of cardiac rehabilitation (CR).PurposeThe purpose of this study was to systematically review literature regarding short-term effects (<6 months after completion of CR) and long-term effects (≥6 months after completion) of standard CR on physical activity levels in patients with ACS.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PEDro were systematically searched for relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published from 1990 until 2012.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials investigating CR for patients with ACS reporting physical activity level were reviewed.Data ExtractionTwo reviewers independently selected articles, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality. Results were summarized with a best evidence synthesis. Results were categorized as: (1) center-based/home-based CR versus no intervention, (2) comparison of different durations of CR, and (3) comparison of 2 types of CR.Data SynthesisA total of 26 RCTs were included. Compared with no intervention, there was, at most, conflicting evidence for center-based CR and moderate evidence for home-based CR for short-term effectiveness. Limited evidence and no evidence were found for long-term maintenance for center-based and home-based CR, respectively. When directly compared with center-based CR, moderate evidence showed that home-based CR has better long-term effects. There was no clear evidence that increasing training volume, extending duration of CR, or adding an extra intervention to CR is more effective.LimitationsBecause of the variety of CR interventions in the included RCTs and the variety of outcome measures in the included RCTs, pooling of data was not possible. Therefore, a best evidence synthesis was used.ConclusionsIt would appear that center-based CR is not sufficient to improve and maintain physical activity habits. Home-based programs might be more successful, but the literature on these programs is limited. More research on finding successful interventions to improve activity habits is needed.

The Effect of Motivational Interviewing on Physical Activity in Subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

physioscience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Nicolas Kahrmann ◽  
Mandy Scheermesser ◽  
Anne-Kathrin Rausch Osthoff
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Abstract Background Current guidelines emphasise the importance of physical activity in the treatment of people with COPD. In general the physical activity level of of people with COPD is lower compared to healthy subjects. Evidence of the effectiveness of counselling in helping people with COPD to increase their activity is inconclusive. The promising method of motivational interviewing (MI) increased the activity levels in people with other chronic diseases. Objective The aim of this review was to examine the effect of MI-based counselling on activity levels in people with COPD. Method A systematic review on studies addressing short-term and preferably long-term effects of MI-based counselling on activity levels in people with COPD was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, Cochrane Library, psycINFO and Web of Science. The study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale and the TIDieR checklist. Results The review included seven randomised controlled trials (RCT). Two of the three RCT with clinically relevant between-group differences showed also statistically significant effects. Conclusion MI-counselling might have a positive short-term effect on physical activity in people with COPD. However, all studies showed no long-term impact.

scholarly journals The Impact of Isolation Measures Due to COVID-19 on Energy Intake and Physical Activity Levels in Australian University Students

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Gallo ◽  
Tania F. Gallo ◽  
Sophia L. Young ◽  
Karen M. Moritz ◽  
Lisa K. Akison
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Isolation ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
The Impact

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in physical isolation measures in many parts of the world. In Australia, nationwide restrictions included staying at home, unless seeking medical care, providing care, purchasing food, undertaking exercise, or attending work in an essential service. All undergraduate university classes transitioned to online, mostly home-based learning. We, therefore, examined the effect of isolation measures during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (March/April) on diet (24-h recall) and physical activity (Active Australia Survey) patterns in third-year biomedical students. Findings were compared with students enrolled in the same course in the previous two years. In females, but not males, energy intake was ~20% greater during the pandemic, and snacking frequency and energy density of consumed snacks also increased compared with 2018 and 2019. Physical activity was impacted for both sexes during the pandemic with ~30% fewer students achieving “sufficient” levels of activity, defined by at least 150 min over at least five sessions, compared with the previous two years. In a follow-up study six to eight weeks later (14–18% response rate), during gradual easing of nationwide restrictions albeit continued gym closures and online learning, higher energy intake in females and reduced physical activity levels in both sexes persisted. These data demonstrate the health impacts of isolation measures, with the potential to affect long-term diet and activity behaviours.

Long-term effects of a playground markings and physical structures on children's recess physical activity levels

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola D. Ridgers ◽  
Gareth Stratton ◽  
Stuart J. Fairclough ◽  
Jos W.R. Twisk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

scholarly journals Factors associated with fatigue in hip and/or knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and best evidence synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrietta O Fawole ◽  
Opeyemi A Idowu ◽  
Ukachukwu O Abaraogu ◽  
Andrea Dell’Isola ◽  
Jody L Riskowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Best Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Abstract Objective The aim was systematically to identify and evaluate factors related to fatigue in individuals with hip and/or knee OA. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest and Web of Science Core Collections databases. Inclusion criteria comprised cross-sectional, case–control or longitudinal studies on patients with a diagnosis of hip and/or knee OA that included self-reported fatigue measures. Study quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute quality appraisal tool, and factors were synthesized within a bio-behavioural framework. Study designs and quality were combined to determine current evidence levels using best evidence synthesis grading. The full review protocol is available from PROSPERO (PROSPERO 2019: CRD42019138571). Results Twenty-four studies were included, of which 19 were high, 4 moderate and 1 low quality. There was strong evidence of an association between poor self-reported physical function and high depressive symptoms with higher fatigue. Moderate evidence of an association was found between severe pain, high numbers of co-morbidities and low physical activity levels with higher fatigue. There was moderate or limited evidence of no association between most sociodemographic factors and radiographic OA severity with fatigue. Conclusion Targets for fatigue management might include improving physical function, reducing depressive symptoms, pain and co-morbidities, and increasing physical activity levels. There is a need for more rigorous longitudinal studies to understand the causal effect of fatigue determinants within the hip and knee OA populations.

scholarly journals Effect of Inpatient and Outpatient Pneumonia on Mobility Disability, Gait Speed, and Physical Activity in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Joshua Brown ◽  
Reiko Sato ◽  
John E. Morley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Pathophysiological changes caused by pneumonia may influence physical functioning in older adults. This study was a secondary analysis of the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study. The LIFE Study included 1635 individuals over an average follow-up of 2.6 years at eight clinical sites during 2010–2013. Adults ≥ 70 years-old with mobility limitations (Short Physical Performance Battery score ≤ 9) were randomized to a physical activity (exercise) intervention or health education control arm. This analysis evaluated the association between pneumonia events and major mobility disability (MMD), gait speed, and physical activity levels. Pneumonia events, classified as inpatient or outpatient, were assessed by self-report during longitudinal follow-up. MMD was measured by the inability to complete a 400-m walk test, or other proxies, as a binary outcome and separately analyzed as “short-term” and “long-term” MMD. Short-term MMD was defined as MMD occurring in the assessment period immediately following (between 1-day to 6-months after) a pneumonia event and long-term was in the following assessment period (6 to 12 months after the event). Short- and long-term gait speed was similarly recorded during the walk test in meters per second (m/s) and measured on a linear scale. Physical activity levels were captured via accelerometry and shown visually. Mixed-effects repeated measures regression adjusted for intervention assignment, baseline demographics, comorbid conditions, and frailty. Among the 1635 participants, n = 174 (10.7%) had a pneumonia event of which 80 (46% of events) were hospitalized. Those with pneumonia during follow-up had higher baseline medication use, prior hospitalizations, and higher prevalence of lung disorders but similar baseline functioning. Pneumonia hospitalization was associated with a 4-fold increase [OR = 4.1 (3.2–5.0)] and outpatient events were associated with a 2-fold increase [OR = 2.6 (2.1–3.1)] in the odds of short-term MMD. Pneumonia hospitalizations, but not outpatient events, were associated with a nearly 10% decrement in short-term gait speed. Pneumonia events were not associated with either long-term MMD or gait speed outcomes. Physical activity levels decreased from baseline immediately following the pneumonia episode (10–30% reductions) and returned to baseline after 6 months. These results emphasize the importance of managing pneumonia risk factors to prevent disease in order to maintain physical independence and activity in older adults.

Long term effects of different physical activity levels on cardiovascular risk: results of a prospective 17-year follow-up study of middle-aged men

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Wojciech Drygas ◽  
Anna Jegier ◽  
Tomasz Kostka ◽  
Elżbieta Dziankowska- Zaborszczyk ◽  
Joanna Kozińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

scholarly journals Long-term Effect of Regular Physical Activity and Exercise Habits in Patients With Early Parkinson Disease

Neurology ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013218
Author(s):  
Kazuto Tsukita ◽  
Haruhi Sakamaki-Tsukita ◽  
Ryosuke Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Gait Stability ◽  
Exercise Habits ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Objective:Owing to the lack of long-term observations and/or comprehensive adjustment for confounding factors, reliable conclusions regarding long-term effects of exercise and regular physical activity in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have yet to be drawn. Here, using data from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative study that includes longitudinal and comprehensive evaluations of many clinical parameters, we examined the long-term effects of regular physical activity and exercise habits on the course of PD.Methods:In this observational cohort study, we primarily used the multivariate linear mixed-effects models to analyze the interaction effects of their regular physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous exercise levels, measured through the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly questionnaire, on the progression of clinical parameters, after adjusting for age, sex, levodopa-equivalent dose, and disease duration. We also calculated bootstrapping 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and conducted sensitivity analyses using the multiple imputation method and subgroup analyses using the propensity score matching to match for all baseline background factors.Results:237 early PD patients [median (interquartile range); age, 63.0 (56.0–70.0) years; Male, 69.2%; follow-up duration, 5.0 (4.0–6.0) years] were included. Regular physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous exercise levels at the baseline did not significantly affect the subsequent clinical progression of PD. However, average regular overall physical activity levels over time were significantly associated with slower deterioration of postural and gait stability [standardized fixed-effects coefficients of the interaction term (βinteraction) = -0.10 (95% CI, -0.14 to -0.06)], activities of daily living [βinteraction = 0.08 (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.12)], and processing speed [βinteraction = 0.05 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.08)] in PD patients. Moderate-to-vigorous exercise levels were preferentially associated with slower decline of postural and gait stability [βinteraction = -0.09 (95% CI, -0.13 to -0.05)] and work-related activity levels were primarily associated with slower deterioration of processing speed [βinteraction = 0.07 (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.09)]. Multiple imputation and propensity score matching confirmed the robustness of our results.Conclusions:In the long-term, the maintenance of high regular physical activity levels and exercise habits was robustly associated with better clinical course of PD, with each type of physical activity having different effects.Trial Registration Information:Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01176565). A link to trial registry page is https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01141023.Classification of Evidence:This study provides Class II evidence that sustained increase in overall regular physical activity levels in patients with early Parkinson disease was associated with slower decline of several clinical parameters.

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