Proposal of a Flow scheme for the Chemical-form-based Quantitative analysis of Chlorine compounds in Pulp for Sanitary products and Safety assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 1243-1250
Author(s):  
Shigeo Imai ◽  
Mitsuhiro Wada ◽  
Takeharu Wada ◽  
Kei Iwasaki ◽  
Ritsuko Katagiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Flow Scheme ◽  
Sanitary Products

Risk Analysis of Spent Fuel Pool Caused by Seismic Events

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Wang ◽  
Modi Lin ◽  
Jinkai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Fuel Assemblies ◽  
Spent Fuel Pool ◽  
The Common ◽  
External Events

Spent fuel pool (SFP) stores fuel assemblies removed from the reactor over the years. SFP and its accident mitigation measures may fail simultaneously at the time of the earthquake, which may cause serious accident consequences. This paper uses probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) method to quantitatively evaluate the risk of SFP for a CPR1000 unit caused by seismic events. Quantitative analysis results show that seismic events' risk is the highest in all internal events and external events for SFP. In order to reduce the risk of SFP, more attention should be paid to improve seismic capacity or reduce the common failure for systems and components associated with SFP under the earthquake situation.

scholarly journals Identification of chemical form of stable carbon released from type 304L and 316L stainless-steel powders in alkaline and acidic solutions under low-oxygen conditions

Radiocarbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1691-1710
Author(s):  
Ryo Nakabayashi ◽  
Tomonari Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Colloidal Carbon ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Naoh Solution

ABSTRACTThe chemical form of14C released from irradiated stainless steel is a key parameter in the safety assessment of the subsurface disposal system in Japan. In this study, to identify the chemical form of the released carbon, unirradiated stainless-steel powders, which were found to be water-atomized powders with a silicon oxide film, were immersed in NaOH and HCl solutions under low-oxygen conditions for approximately 25 days. The results showed that the main chemical forms of the carbon were colloidal carbon in the NaOH solution and colloidal carbon and formic and acetic acids in the HCl solution. Almost no hydrocarbons were detected in both solution systems. Concerning the source of the colloidal carbon and carboxylic acids, the hypothesis that carbon in the oxide layer is released is considered to be reasonable. The very small amounts of hydrocarbons generated prevented us from discussing the source of the hydrocarbons. To validate the hypothesis and obtain further information on the hydrocarbons, additional experiments are necessary. In particular, for long-term safety assessment, it is important to determine whether the colloidal carbon, carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons are continuously released during the corrosion process. Therefore, information on the temporal evolution of the carbon should be obtained.

scholarly journals Radioisotopic perfusional assessment of blood circulation changes in skin under progressive expansion: experimental model with rabbits

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Edith Kawano Horibe ◽  
Kose Horibe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Scintillation Camera ◽  
Expansion Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
Reperfusion Rate ◽  
Circulation Changes

The purpose of this experimental model with rabbits is investigating the variation of blood flow in the expanded skin versus expansion time. New Zealand breed rabbits are used. Two groups are studied: F-1 receiving expanders on the right tight and F-2 receiving expanders bilateraly. Progressively, five expansions are performed. The first radioiosotopic perfusional evaluation is performed just after the surgery and the following evaluation are performed at the second, sixth, thirteenth, twentieth and twenty-seventh post-surgical days. As radiotracer, technetium 99m are used in the chemical form of sodium pertechnetate. Scintillographic images are obtained by CGR scintillation camera. The quantitative analysis is done by calculation of the reperfusion rate.

An Improved Quantitative Image Analyser

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
J.P. Fallon ◽  
P.J. Gregory ◽  
C.J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Frequency Content ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Image Analyser ◽  
Automatic Methods ◽  
Quantitative Results

Quantitative image analysis systems have been used for several years in research and quality control applications in various fields including metallurgy and medicine. The technique has been applied as an extension of subjective microscopy to problems requiring quantitative results and which are amenable to automatic methods of interpretation.Feature extraction. In the most general sense, a feature can be defined as a portion of the image which differs in some consistent way from the background. A feature may be characterized by the density difference between itself and the background, by an edge gradient, or by the spatial frequency content (texture) within its boundaries. The task of feature extraction includes recognition of features and encoding of the associated information for quantitative analysis.Quantitative Analysis. Quantitative analysis is the determination of one or more physical measurements of each feature. These measurements may be straightforward ones such as area, length, or perimeter, or more complex stereological measurements such as convex perimeter or Feret's diameter.

Quantification of Silica Uptake by Alveolar Macrophages - An Emperical Scanning Electron Microprobe Method

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
V. V. Damiano ◽  
R. P. Daniele ◽  
H. T. Tucker ◽  
J. H. Dauber
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Calibration Standards ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

An important example of intracellular particles is encountered in silicosis where alveolar macrophages ingest inspired silica particles. The quantitation of the silica uptake by these cells may be a potentially useful method for monitoring silica exposure. Accurate quantitative analysis of ingested silica by phagocytic cells is difficult because the particles are frequently small, irregularly shaped and cannot be visualized within the cells. Semiquantitative methods which make use of particles of known size, shape and composition as calibration standards may be the most direct and simplest approach to undertake. The present paper describes an empirical method in which glass microspheres were used as a model to show how the ratio of the silicon Kα peak X-ray intensity from the microspheres to that of a bulk sample of the same composition correlated to the mass of the microsphere contained within the cell. Irregular shaped silica particles were also analyzed and a calibration curve was generated from these data.

Lateral resolution of the electron microbeam analysis

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 542-543
Author(s):  
H.J. Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Lateral Resolution ◽  
Cylindrical Particle ◽  
Correction Procedure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Microbeam Analysis ◽  
The Matrix

The chemical inhomogenities in modern materials such as fibers, phases and inclusions, often have diameters in the region of one micrometer. Using electron microbeam analysis for the determination of the element concentrations one has to know the smallest possible diameter of such regions for a given accuracy of the quantitative analysis.In th is paper the correction procedure for the quantitative electron microbeam analysis is extended to a spacial problem to determine the smallest possible measurements of a cylindrical particle P of high D (depth resolution) and diameter L (lateral resolution) embeded in a matrix M and which has to be analysed quantitative with the accuracy q. The mathematical accounts lead to the following form of the characteristic x-ray intens ity of the element i of a particle P embeded in the matrix M in relation to the intensity of a standard S

An example of spectrum imaging used for comparison of EELS quantitative analysis techniques on Al-Li

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
John A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Difference Spectrum ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Foil Thickness ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Spectrum Imaging ◽  
Normal Spectrum ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Spectrum-imaging is a useful technique for comparing different processing methods on very large data sets which are identical for each method. This paper is concerned with comparing methods of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) quantitative analysis on the Al-Li system. The spectrum-image analyzed here was obtained from an Al-10at%Li foil aged to produce δ' precipitates that can span the foil thickness. Two 1024 channel EELS spectra offset in energy by 1 eV were recorded and stored at each pixel in the 80x80 spectrum-image (25 Mbytes). An energy range of 39-89eV (20 channels/eV) are represented. During processing the spectra are either subtracted to create an artifact corrected difference spectrum, or the energy offset is numerically removed and the spectra are added to create a normal spectrum. The spectrum-images are processed into 2D floating-point images using methods and software described in [1].

The use of a Bent Grid to Improve the take-Off Angle for Electron Probe Analysis

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 360-361
Author(s):  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
David Leaffer
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Count Rate ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Electron Probe Analysis ◽  
Background Ratio ◽  
Probe Analysis

There are certain advantages for electron probe analysis if the sample can be tilted directly towards the detector. The count rate is higher, it optimizes the geometry since only one angle need be taken into account for quantitative analysis and the signal to background ratio is improved. The need for less tilt angle may be an advantage because the grid bars are not moved quite as close to each other, leaving a little more open area for observation. Our present detector (EDAX) and microscope (Philips 300) combination precludes moving the detector behind the microscope where it would point directly at the grid. Therefore, the angle of the specimen was changed in order to optimize the geometry between the specimen and the detector.

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