scholarly journals The need for neuroimaging in first manifestations of psychiatric symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Christian Saleh ◽  
Ulrich Seidl ◽  
Gregor Hutter ◽  
Margret Hund-Georgiadis
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Neurological Findings ◽  
Routine Imaging

Background: Brain imaging in psychiatry, especially by first-episode psychiatric symptoms, is unfortunately not a standard procedure in psychiatric clinics and is recommended only if indicated by history or if associated with neurological findings. As a result, the most serious diagnoses can be delayed or missed. Case Description: We describe a patient who presented with psychiatric symptoms admitted initially to a psychiatric clinic. Thanks to routine imaging the diagnosis of a brain tumor could be made with prompt transfer to neurosurgery. Conclusion: Brain imaging should be a mandatory procedure upon admission to a psychiatric clinic also in patients who present with exclusive psychiatric symptoms.

scholarly journals MS-1 Surgical strategy for brain tumor based on molecular and functional connectomics profiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. ii2-ii2
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Abe
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Awake Craniotomy ◽  
Surgical Strategy ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Cortical Mapping ◽  
Photodynamic Diagnosis ◽  
Tumor Surgery ◽  
Brain Tumor Surgery

Abstract It is reported that the development of new perioperative motor deficits was associated with decreased overall survival despite similar extent of resection and adjuvant therapy. The maximum safe resection without any neurological deficits is required to improve overall survival in patients with brain tumor. Surgery is performed with various modalities, such as neuro-monitoring, photodynamic diagnosis, neuro-navigation, awake craniotomy, intraoperative MRI, and so on. Above all, awake craniotomy technique is now the standard procedure to achieve the maximum safe resection in patients with brain tumor. It is well known that before any treatment, gliomas generate globally (and not only focally) altered functional connectomics profiles, with various patterns of neural reorganization allowing different levels of cognitive compensation. Therefore, perioperative cortical mapping and elucidation of functional network, neuroplasticity and reorganization are important for brain tumor surgery. On the other hand, recent studies have proposed several gene signatures as biomarkers for different grades of gliomas from various perspectives. Then, we aimed to identify these biomarkers in pre-operative and/or intra-operative periods, using liquid biopsy, immunostaining and various PCR methods including rapid genotyping assay. In this presentation, we would like to demonstrate our surgical strategy based on molecular and functional connectomics profiles.

scholarly journals Brain tumors and indications for brain imaging in patients with psychiatric manifestations: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Alireza Haji Seyed Javadi ◽  
Bahare Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
The Right ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
Psychiatric Manifestations ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Studies on the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and brain tumors are ambiguous, as it is not clear whether these symptoms are due to the direct effect of the tumor or a secondary psychological response to stress, resulting from the diagnosis and treatment of the disease; therefore, it is difficult to analyze and retrieve relevant information. Case presentation We present the case of a 43-year-old male patient, who was admitted to a psychiatric emergency room with psychiatric symptoms, such as restlessness and extreme talkativeness, but normal neurological examinations. He showed no response to outpatient treatment and had no history of psychiatric disorders. The onset of symptoms was 2 months before his visit. On neuroimaging, a brain tumor was observed in the right temporal and occipital lobes. Accordingly, the patient was transferred to the neurosurgery ward. Conclusion Factors, such as increased internal pressure on the brain due to a brain tumor or the effect of tumor area, contribute to the occurrence of symptoms, such as restlessness and talkativeness. However, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Neurocognitive Disorders and Mental Disorders Due to Another Medical Condition

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Rucci ◽  
Robert E. Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Function Learning ◽  
New Information ◽  
Over 40 Years

The defining feature of neurocognitive disorders is a decline in cognitive functioning. Patients suffering from delirium experience an acute change in mental status, fluctuating levels of consciousness, and an inability to acquire new information. Patients with major neurocognitive disorder experience significant cognitive decline in complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor, and social cognition. The chapter also discusses mental disorders due to another medical condition. These patients can experience psychotic, mood, or anxious symptoms or a personality change; their intellectual functioning usually remains intact. A patient presenting with a first episode of psychiatric symptoms and no prior psychiatric history should be evaluated for an acute medical etiology causing the psychiatric symptoms, particularly if he or she is over 40 years of age. Anticholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine) may slow the rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease, and the combination of an anticholinesterase inhibitor and memantine may be more effective than either medication alone.

Study on the executive function and learning ability in first-episode schizophrenia patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1528-1528
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
Y. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
First Session

IntroductionCognitive dysfunction was thought to be one of the core features of schizophrenia. And the executive function of the patients was paid more attention by more and more researchers and clinicians.ObjectivesTo investigate the executive function and the learning ability of the patients with first-episode schizophrenia, and their relationships with psychiatric symptoms.MethodsFifty cases of first-episode schizophrenia patients and fifty age- and gender-matched healthy controls were tested by a computerized version of Tower of London (TOL) test. The scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) in the group of schizophrenia patients were over 60.ResultsThe numbers of the correct answer [x1 :(14.62 ± 4.12), x2: (14.80 ± 4.70)] during the first session and the second session of the TOL test of the patients group were significantly lower than that of the control group [x1: (17.48 ± 3.79), x2:(18.68 ± 3.19)], and the reaction times [t1: (9.27 ± 4.37) seconds, t2: (9.51 ± 5.58) seconds] of the two sessions of TOL were longer than the control group [t1: (7.28 ± 2.04) seconds, t2: (6.67 ± 1.51) seconds], P < 0.01. For the control group, x2 was significantly greater than x1, and t2 shorter than t1 (P < 0.01), while for the patients group, there was no difference between the performances of the first session and the second session. The scores of TOL in the schizophrenia patients were correlated with the negative symptom score of PANSS (P < 0.05) and were not correlated with the scores of other subscales of PANSS (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe executive function and the learning ability of schizophrenia are impaired and the cognitive dysfunction is correlated with negative symptoms.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the choice of antidepressants: A study of antidepressant prescribing practice at University psychiatric clinic in Belgrade

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Maric ◽  
Dragan Stojiljkovic ◽  
Zorana Pavlovic ◽  
Miroslava Jasovic-Gasic
Keyword(s):  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Prescribing Practice

Background/Aim. Antidepressants are a widely used class of drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate different aspects of antidepressant prescribing practice at University Psychiatric Clinic in Belgrade. Methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out by retrospective analysis of the patient's medical charts. The study included all patients with antidepressant prescribed at discharge during 2009 (n = 296). The evaluation was focused on patient- related factors (socio-demographic and illness related), psychiatrist-related factors (sex and duration of working experience) and drug related factors (type of antidepressant, dose, polypharmacy and reimbursement by national health insurance). Results. Antidepressants were prescribed for unipolar depression (F32-34, ICD X) either without comorbidity (46.2%) or with comorbidity (24.7%), mostly as a monotherapy (91% had one antidepressant), to the patients who were 65% female, aged 50.1 ? 8.9, most of them with 12 years of education (52.6%), married (69.3%) and employed (55.9%). The majority of patients had a history of two hospitalizations (Med 2; 25th-75th perc. 1-4) during nine years (Med 9; 25th-75th perc. 2-15) after the first episode of depression. Among them, 19% were found to be suicidal in a lifetime. The single most prescribed antidepressant was sertraline (20.4%), followed by fluoxetine (13.3%) and maprotiline (11.7%). Utilization of antidepressants was positively correlated with the rate of reimbursement (p < 0.01). The most prescribed antidepressant group was selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) (47.8%), followed by tricyclic antidepresants (TCA) (25.3%) and new antidepressants - venlafaxine, tianeptine, mirtazapine, bupropion, trazodone (15.1%). Most of the drugs were prescribed in doses which are at the lower end of the recommended dose-range. Regarding severity of the actual depressive episode, TCA were prescribed for severe depression with psychotic features, while SSRI were choice for episodes with moderate symptom severity (p = 0.01). Psychiatrists with longer working age (20-30 years) hesitated to prescribe new antidepressants in comparison to younger colleagues (p = 0.01). Conclusion. Economic issues in Serbia as developing country influence the choice of antidepressants, as well as a psychiatrist?s working age and severity of depression. However, SSRI are the drugs of the first choice, as it was shown in most of the developed countries nowadays.

A Prospective Study of First-Incidence Depression

1990 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Rorsman ◽  
Anne Gräsbeck ◽  
Olle Hagnell ◽  
Jan Lanke ◽  
Rolf ÖHman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
A Prospective Study

The present study is based on the so-called 1957 Lundby cohort, a geographically defined normal Swedish population of 2612 individuals who were evaluated for mental disorders in 1957 and 1972. The annual age-standardised first incidence of depression, with or without other psychiatric symptoms, all degrees of impairment included, was found to be 4.3 per 1000 person years in men and 7.6 per 1000 person years in women. Up until 70 years of age, the cumulative probability of suffering a first episode of depression was 27% in men and 45% in women.

scholarly journals A multimodal study of a first episode psychosis cohort: potential markers of antipsychotic treatment resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yang ◽  
Luisa Longo ◽  
Zui Narita ◽  
Nicola Cascella ◽  
Frederick C. Nucifora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Biological Markers ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
And Biological Markers ◽  
Brain Imaging Data

Treatment resistant (TR) psychosis is considered to be a significant cause of disability and functional impairment. Numerous efforts have been made to identify the clinical predictors of TR. However, the exploration of molecular and biological markers is still at an early stage. To understand the TR condition and identify potential molecular and biological markers, we analyzed demographic information, clinical data, structural brain imaging data, and molecular brain imaging data in 7 Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy, from a first episode psychosis cohort that includes 138 patients. Age, gender, race, smoking status, duration of illness, and antipsychotic dosages were controlled in the analyses. We found that TR patients had a younger age at onset, more hospitalizations, more severe negative symptoms, a significant reduction in the volumes of the hippocampus (HP) and superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and a significant reduction in glutathione (GSH) levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), when compared to non-TR patients. The combination of multiple markers provided a better classification between TR and non-TR patients compared to any individual marker. Our study shows that ACC GSH, HP and SFG volumes, and age at onset could potentially be trait biomarkers for TR diagnosis, while hospitalization and negative symptoms could be used to evaluate the progression of the disease. Multimodal cohorts are essential in obtaining a comprehensive understanding of brain disorders.

Birth order and psychiatric morbidity

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S356-S356
Author(s):  
J. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives:– to determine the frequency of sociodemographic factors (birth order)among subjects attending a psychiatric clinic;– to establish psychiatric diagnosis of subjects;– to bring out dominating frequencies of birth orders of the patient in relation with related diagnosis.MethodologyThis cross-sectional study was conducted at outpatient clinic of Liquate university hospital Hyderabad during 1st January 2012 to 31st January 2012. One hundred consecutive subjects attending a psychiatric OPD with psychiatric symptoms, were assessed for the total siblings, birth order among siblings and their psychiatric diagnosis. The socio-demographic data was recorded through a designed semi-structured proforma, and diagnosis was established by diagnostic and statistical manual-IV text revised criteria (DSM-IV TR).ResultsThe age range remained 9-60 years and numbers of siblings were in the range of 1–12 siblings and fourth birth order was found to be dominant in this study to have psychiatric morbidity (38%). While, frequency of first order birth was 18%. Generalized anxiety disorder and depressive (GAD) disorders were dominant diagnosis (55%), while GAD was more in the male gender.ConclusionThis study shows that psychiatric morbidity was more common in the lower birth order. This study may be carried out at different centers of psychiatry for the better assessment of psychiatric morbidity.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

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