616 Effect of conservation method on in vitro ruminal fermentation of purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea Vent.) in batch culture

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of essential oils (EO) and essential oil compounds (EOC) on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. Treatments were: control (no additive), cinnamon leaf oil (400 mg L-1), clove leaf oil (200 mg L-1), sweet orange oil (200 mg L-1), oregano oil (200 mg L-1), thyme oil (200 mg L-1), carvacrol (400 mg L-1), cinnamaldehyde (400 mg L-1), eugenol (800 mg L-1), and thymol (400 mg L-1). Treatments were evaluated using in vitro 24-h batch culture of rumen fluid with a 51:49 forage:concentrate dairy ration [16.7% crude protein (CP), 34.4% neutral detergent fibre (NDF)]. Incubations were conducted in triplicate with gas production (GP) measured at 0, 2, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h, while pH, ammonia (NH3), volatile fatty acid (VFA), in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fibre (IVNDFD) digestibilities were determined after 24 h of incubation. Among the EO and EOC evaluated, only the phenolic compounds, carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol affected ruminal fermentation, relative to the control. Carvacrol (400 mg L-1) and eugenol (800 mg L-1) increased pH and molar proportion of butyrate, and decreased molar proportion of propionate, IVDMD, IVNDFD, and GP. At the concentration of 200 mg L-1, thymol increased final pH, a nd reduced molar proportion of propionate, IVNDFD, and GP. None of the EO or EOC affected NH3 concentration, suggesting that at the doses tested in this study, protein degradation was not affected by EO and EOC. This study showed that among the EO and EOC investigated only phenolics exhibited antimicrobial activity as exemplified by reduced diet fermentability and a shift in VFA profile from less propionate towards more butyrate. These changes in fermentation may not be nutritionally beneficial to dairy cattle. The present study suggests that the types and concentrations of EO and EOC employed to alter ruminal fermentation must be carefully defined before their widespread use in ruminant nutrition can be recommended. Key words: Essential oil, ruminal fermentation, in vitro batch culture, dairy cattle

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Quantification of organic acids in ruminal in vitro batch culture fermentation supplemented with fumarate using a herb mix as a substrate

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2015-0036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 60-68

Author(s):

J. Pisarčíková ◽

Z. Váradyová ◽

K. Mihaliková ◽

S. Kišidayová

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Organic Acid ◽

Batch Culture ◽

Plantago Lanceolata ◽

Medicinal Herbs ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Artemisia Absinthium ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Fermentation Parameters

Two 24 h in vitro batch culture experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of fumarate addition (10 mmol L−1) on the ruminal fermentation parameters of selected medicinal herbs, and the effects of different doses of fumarate (0, 10, or 30 mmol L−1) on ruminal metabolism of organic acids when a high-concentrate diet (meadow hay and barley grain, 400/600, w/w) was supplemented with a mix of medicinal herbs (Artemisia absinthium L., Melissa officinalis L., Malva sylvestris L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Plantago lanceolata L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., and Althaea officinalis L.). Depending on the concentration, fumarate treatment decreased methane production (by 10–11%) and increased propionate proportions (by 5–13%) with high-concentrate diets. The organic acid (fumaric, succinic, malic, and lactic acid) concentrations in the batch culture were measured at intervals of 0, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h. The time and organic acid concentrations with 10 mmol L−1 fumarate were well correlated (R 2 = 0.846). The amount of succinate was accumulated and metabolized more slowly than that of fumarate (>24 h). The addition of fumarate and a herb mix could positively influence in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters of high-concentrate diets by increasing the levels of propionate and succinate as well as the pH, and by decreasing of methane emissions.

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Effect of replacing corn grains with date palm kernels on ruminal fermentation, feed degradability, and methane production under different initial in vitro pH conditions

Animal Biotechnology ◽

10.1080/10495398.2021.1886941 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Mahmoud Sabry ◽

Mohamed E. A. Nasser ◽

Hossam E. M. Kamel ◽

Mohamed A. Abaza ◽

Yosra A. Soltan

Keyword(s):

Methane Production ◽

Date Palm ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Ph Conditions ◽

Corn Grains

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In vitro five brown algae extracts for efficiency of ruminal fermentation and methane yield

Journal of Applied Phycology ◽

10.1007/s10811-020-02361-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 1253-1262

Author(s):

You Young Choi ◽

Nyeon Hak Shin ◽

Shin Ja Lee ◽

Ye Jun Lee ◽

Hyun Sang Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brown Algae ◽

Methane Yield ◽

Ruminal Fermentation

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Impact of 2′-Fucosyllactose on Gut Microbiota Composition in Adults with Chronic Gastrointestinal Conditions: Batch Culture Fermentation Model and Pilot Clinical Trial Findings

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030938 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 938

Author(s):

Jennifer Joan Ryan ◽

Andrea Monteagudo-Mera ◽

Nikhat Contractor ◽

Glenn R. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Batch Culture ◽

Pilot Trial ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Open Label ◽

Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽

Fermentation Model ◽

Quality Of Life Index

Intestinal dysbiosis has been described in patients with certain gastrointestinal conditions including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and ulcerative colitis. 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), a prebiotic human milk oligosaccharide, is considered bifidogenic and butyrogenic. To assess prebiotic effects of 2′-FL, alone or in combination with probiotic strains (potential synbiotics), in vitro experiments were conducted on stool from healthy, IBS, and ulcerative colitis adult donors. In anaerobic batch culture fermenters, Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium rectale-Clostridium coccoides counts, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyrate increased during fermentation with 2′-FL and some of the 2′-FL/probiotic combinations. In a subsequent open-label pilot trial, the effect of a 2′-FL-containing nutritional formula was evaluated in twelve adults with IBS or ulcerative colitis. Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) total and gastrointestinal symptoms domain scores, stool counts of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and stool SCFAs including butyrate, increased after six weeks of intervention. Consistent with documented effects of 2′-FL, the batch culture fermentation experiments demonstrated bifidogenic and butyrogenic effects of 2′-FL during fermentation with human stool samples. Consumption of the 2′-FL-containing nutritional formula by adults with IBS or ulcerative colitis was associated with improvements in intra- and extra-intestinal symptoms, and bifidogenic and butyrogenic effects.

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Chemical and phytochemical composition, in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production, and nutrient degradability of fresh and ensiled Paulownia hybrid leaves

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115038 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 115038

Author(s):

Haihao Huang ◽

Malgorzata Szumacher-Strabel ◽

Amlan Kumar Patra ◽

Sylwester Ślusarczyk ◽

Dorota Lechniak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Production ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Phytochemical Composition

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Chemical composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of common tree forages in the semi-arid rangelands of Swaziland

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.07.011 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 142 (1-2) ◽

pp. 99-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Solomon Tefera ◽

V. Mlambo ◽

B.J. Dlamini ◽

A.M. Dlamini ◽

K.D.N. Koralagama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Arid Rangelands ◽

Common Tree ◽

Semi Arid

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Effects of Increasing Doses of Condensed Tannins Extract from Cistus ladanifer L. on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Biohydrogenation

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030761 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 761

Author(s):

Olinda Guerreiro ◽

Susana P. Alves ◽

Mónica Costa ◽

Maria F. Duarte ◽

Eliana Jerónimo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Secondary Compounds ◽

Cistus Ladanifer ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Ct Dose ◽

Linear Decrease

Cistus ladanifer (rockrose) is a perennial shrub quite abundant in the Mediterranean region, and it is a rich source in secondary compounds such as condensed tannins (CTs). Condensed tannins from C. ladanifer were able to change the ruminal biohydrogenation (BH), increasing the t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 production. However, the adequate conditions of the C. ladanifer CTs used to optimize the production of t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 is not yet known. Thus, we tested the effect of increasing the doses of C. ladanifer CT extract (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg dry matter (DM)) on in vitro rumen BH. Five in vitro batch incubations replicates were conducted using an oil supplemented high-concentrate substrate, incubated for 24 h with 6 mL of buffered ruminal fluid. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and long chain fatty acids (FA) were analyzed at 0 h and 24 h, and BH of c9–18:1, c9, c12–18:2 and c9, c12, c15–18:3, and BH products yield were computed. Increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs led to a moderate linear decrease (p < 0.001) of the VFA production (a reduction of 27% with the highest dose compared to control). The disappearance of c9–18:1 and c9,c12–18:2 as well as the production of t11–18:1 and c9, t11:18:2 was not affected by increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs, and only the disappearance of c9, c12, c15–18:3 suffered a mild linear decrease (a reduction of 24% with the highest dose compared to control). Nevertheless, increasing the C. ladanifer CT dose led to a strong depression of microbial odd and branched fatty acids and of dimethyl acetals production (less than 65% with the highest dose compared to control), which indicates that microbial growth was more inhibited than fermentative and biohydrogenation activities, in a possible adaptative response of microbial population to stress induced to CTs and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ability of C. ladanifer to modulate the ruminal BH was not verified in the current in vitro experimental conditions, emphasizing the inconsistent BH response to CTs and highlighting the need to continue seeking the optimal conditions for using CTs to improve the fatty acid profile of ruminant fat.

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