The impact of dietary sugarcane addition to finishing diets on performance, apparent digestibility, and fatty acid composition of Holstein × Zebu bulls1

Wild Paeonia ludlowii is considered as a traditional ornamental plant, but its flowers and seed oils are edible with important economic values, and the variation of nutrients, fatty acid composition in wild populations is scarcely known. Flowers and seeds of P. ludlowii were collected from two wild populations for evaluating the nutrients in flowers, composition of fatty acids in seed oils and the antioxidant activity. The flowers contained high composition of proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, total flavonoids, phenolic compounds and essential minerals. Seed oil yield reached up to 21.95% using supercritical CO2 fluid extraction, and it contained 14 fatty acids (up to 93.35 g/100g seed oil), especially the unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid) was up to 88.69% with low ω6/ω3 ratios of 0.58. The antioxidant capacity can be arranged in the order of trolox > flower extracts > seed oil according to the DPPH and ABTS free radical assay. Contents of nutrient in flowers and fatty acids in seed oils were significantly different between two wild populations due to the impact of different growing environments. These results indicate that flowers and seed oils of P. ludlowii are potential food resources in human diets.

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Effect of the Planting Location (Elevation) on the Composition of Fatty Acids in Olive Oil

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n2p271 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 271

Author(s):

Saleh Mohammad Msallam Al-Shdiefat

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Sea Level ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Climatic Environment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Olive Trees ◽

The Impact

In Jordan there are different environments and altitudes that have an effect on olive oil properties and fatty acid composition, which therefore affect its quality. Taking into account that there are no previous similar studies in this field, this study investigates the ratios and composition of the main fatty acids in mixed olive oil from different areas in Jordan (above and below the sea level); namely the Jordan Valley, Subaihi, Kufranja and Madaba areas where the elevation ranges between (-230 m) below sea level and (+785 m) above sea level. The study measures the impact of the location of olive orchards on the fatty acid composition of olive oil and of its quality. Three olive oil samples were collected from the “Nabali Muhasan” and “Baladi” varieties from each area. They were analyzed in the National Agriculture Research Center (NARC) laboratories using GAS Chromatography. The results showed that the ratios of fatty acids are significantly affected by the degree of above elevation of the olive trees sea level. This confirms the impact of the geographical and climatic environment, which is reflected on the olive oil quality due to differences in the ratios of fatty acids in the four planting areas. This shows that the mean concentration of the fatty acids in the olive oil in these four planting areas is not equal. In general, there is a significant difference in the fatty acid concentrations compared to the standard concentration because of the planting location of olive trees, given that olive oil fatty acids in each location work together in a balanced integrative relationship.

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Ruminal parameters and fatty acid composition of omasal digesta and milk in cows fed sugarcane-based diets supplemented with sunflower oil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5supl1p2317 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 2317-2334

Author(s):

Fernando César Ferraz Lopes ◽

Shirley Motta de Souza ◽

Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽

Marco Antônio Sundfeld da Gama ◽

Luciana Navajas Rennó

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Sunflower Oil ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Apparent Digestibility

This study evaluates the intake and digestion of nutrients, parameters of rumen fermentation and degradation, omasal digesta and milk fatty acid composition, productive performance, and the concentration of serum metabolites in cows fed 600 g kg-1 sugarcane-based diets containing 0 (control), 15, 30, and 45 g kg-1 sunflower oil (SO) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Four rumen-cannulated Holstein x Gyr cows yielding 15±5 kg day-1 with 110±10 days in milk were allocated in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Data were analyzed using mixed models, and significant differences were declared at P < 0.05. There was no effect of SO on the intake and apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and nonfibrous carbohydrates, but there was a linear increase in the intake and digestibility of ether extract. Dietary SO levels did not alter the ruminal degradability parameters for DM and NDF, rumen pH and contents of ammonia N, acetate, propionate and volatile fatty acids. Milk fat content and yield were linearly decreased, whereas a linear increase in milk protein content was observed in response to increasing levels of SO, but with no effect on milk yield. Linear reductions in palmitic and ?-linolenic acid contents, a linear increase in trans-10 C18:1 and elaidic acids, and a quadratic effect on vaccenic and rumenic acids were observed in omasal digesta of cows fed increasing levels of SO. Overall, up to 45 g kg-1 SO can be included on DM of chopped sugarcane-based diets without reducing consumption, apparent digestibility and rumen degradability of DM and fiber. Supplementing chopped sugarcane-based diets with 30 to 45 g kg-1 SO (DM basis) promotes milk fat depression due to the inhibition of mammary lipogenesis by specific rumen-derived fatty acid intermediates of the biohydrogenation of unsaturated C18 fatty acids. The inclusion of 15 to 45 g kg-1 SO in chopped sugarcane-based diets improves the nutritional quality of milk fat, with increases in the levels of oleic, vaccenic and rumenic acids, beneficial to human health, and a reduction in the levels of the hypercholesterolemic lauric, myristic and palmitic acids.

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Impact of temperature on the expression of Kennedy Pathway genes in developing soybean seeds

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps-2014-261 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 87-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amy J. M. McNaughton ◽

Barry J. Shelp ◽

Istvan Rajcan

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Oil Storage ◽

Kennedy Pathway ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

The Impact

McNaughton, A. J. M., Shelp, B. J. and Rajcan, I. 2015. Impact of temperature on the expression of Kennedy Pathway genes in developing soybean seeds. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 87–101. The main oil storage molecule, triacylglycerol (TAG), can be created by the Kennedy Pathway. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of growing temperature on the expression of the Kennedy Pathway genes, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (G3PAT), lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), in developing seed of four soybean genotypes with altered fatty acid composition using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The three growing temperatures were: high, 30°C day/25°C night; normal, 25°C day/20°C night; and low, 20°C day/15°C night. The expression of G3PAT steadily declined following 15 d after flowering (DAF), suggesting that it is likely to be more highly expressed earlier in development than was measured in the study. As a result, the expression of G3PAT did not correspond to fatty acid accumulation. LPAAT expression coincided with accumulation of oleic acid (18:1∆9) and linolenic acid (18:3∆9,12,15) in a temperature-dependent manner. The expression of DGAT1 corresponded to accumulation of linoleic acid (18:2∆9,12), which varied among the soybean genotypes, indicating a genotypic effect on the expression of DGAT1. This study suggests that the expression of the acyltransferase enzymes of the Kennedy Pathway influences the fatty acid composition in seed of four altered fatty acid soybean genotypes.

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