Studies on Some Enzyme Activities in Laminated and Germinal Layers of Hydatid Cysts Isolated From Different Intermediate Hosts in Zakho, Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wijdan Mero ◽  
Araz AL Bosely
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts

scholarly journals Lymphocyte Populations in the Adventitial Layer of Hydatid Cysts in Cattle: Relationship With Cyst Fertility Status and Fasciola Hepatica Co-Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Jiménez ◽  
Caroll Stoore ◽  
Christian Hidalgo ◽  
Felipe Corrêa ◽  
Marcela Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
T And B Cells ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Adventitial Layer

Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. Two types of hydatid cysts occur in intermediate hosts: fertile cysts that generate protoscoleces from the germinal layer of the cyst, and infertile cysts that do not produce protoscoleces and are unable to continue the life cycle of the parasite. The adventitial layer, a host-derived fibrous capsule surrounding the hydatid cyst, is suggested to play an important role in local immune regulation during infection and in fertility of the cysts. Fasciola hepatica, another important parasite of cattle, induces a characteristic Th2-like immune response that could modulate the immune response against E. granulosus. Natural co-infection of both parasites is common in cattle, but no reports describe the local immune response against E. granulosus with F. hepatica infection in the same host. This study analyzed the number and distribution of T and B cells in the adventitial layer of liver and lung cysts and the relationship with cyst fertility and F. hepatica co-infection. T lymphocytes were the predominant cell type in the adventitial layer of infertile hydatid cysts and were more numerous in infertile hydatid cysts. B lymphocyte numbers were not associated with hydatid cyst fertility. Mast cells were infrequent in the adventitial layer. The number of T and B cells was not associated with F. hepatica co-infection. The present study contributes to the understanding of local immune responses in bovine cystic echinococcosis.

Observations on the suitability and importance of the domestic intermediate hosts of Echinococcus granulosus in Uttah Pradesh, India

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Irshadullah ◽  
W. A. Nizami ◽  
C. N. L. Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cyst Size

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the suitability and importance of buffaloes, camels, sheep, goats and pigs in maintaining the life-cycle of Echinococcus granulosus in Aligarh, India. A total of 565 (36%) of 1556 buffaloes, 20 (2%) of 1208 goats, 5 (1%) of 559 pigs, 6 (6%) of 109 sheep and two of three camels were found to harbour hydatid cysts. The frequency distribution of the hydatid cysts in each intermediate host species was over-dispersed and in buffaloes cyst fertility increased with increasing cyst size. Of 2171, 95 and four buffalo, goat, and camel cysts examined 327 (15%), two (2%) and three cysts respectively were fertile. No pig or sheep cysts were found to contain protoscoleces. The unfenced buffalo abattoir and the large number of dogs allowed access to the abattoir coupled to the number of buffaloes slaughtered in comparison to the other potential hosts, indicates that the buffalo is the most significant host for maintaining the life-cycle of the parasite in this area of India. Applicable control measures for the region are suggested.

Canine echinococcosis: the predominance of immature eggs in adult tapeworms of Echinococcus granulosus in stray dogs from Tunisia

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Iraqi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Adult Tapeworm

AbstractCanine echinococcosis is caused by the adult tapeworm of Echinococcus granulosus. As intermediate hosts, humans and livestock become infected following ingestion of eggs that are passed in the faeces of dogs. Mature eggs develop into hydatid cysts in different organs, leading to hydatid disease, which is a serious public health problem. In the present study, we investigated the proportion of mature eggs of E. granulosus in 140 dogs from three regions of Tunisia. The results showed the predominance of immature E. granulosus eggs in infected dogs and the occurrence of a small proportion of oncospheres. The ability of immature eggs to infect humans and livestock is discussed.

The prevalence, intensity and viability of hydatid cysts in slaughtered animals in the Ardabil province of Northwest Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Daryani ◽  
R. Alaei ◽  
R. Arab ◽  
M. Sharif ◽  
M.H. Dehghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Intermediate ◽  
Northwest Iran

AbstractIn a cross-sectional study, a total of 5381 slaughtered animals, namely 928 cattle, 243 buffaloes, 3765 sheep and 445 goats were inspected macroscopically for hydatid cysts in northwest Iran, with prevalence values of 38.3%, 11.9%, 74.4% and 20%, respectively, being recorded. Prevalences were higher in females compared with males, but a significant difference (P < 0.001) was only found in sheep and cattle. Most cases which were condemned were seen in the lungs of sheep (13.4%) indicating that sheep are the most important intermediate hosts for Echinococcus granulosus in this area.

scholarly journals Employing NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 1 in the Determination of Echinococcus granulosus Strain in Sheep, Cattle and Human in Thi-Qar Province, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 0238
Author(s):  
Sarmad Awad Mozan AL-Asadi ◽  
Wesam Jasim Hansh ◽  
Abdul-Hussien Habash Awad
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Nad1 Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sheep Strain

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. This disease is an important public health and a significant economic issue in Iraq, where the lungs and livers are the popular places of infection. The aim of the current study focused on using the molecular techniques in the detection of an E. granulosus strain that causes cystic echinococcosis to human, sheep and cattle in Thi-Qar province, Iraq. In the current study, thirty isolates of E. granulosus were collected from 10 human hydatid cysts through surgery done at Al-Hussein Imam Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar province and 10 sheep with 10 cattle hydatid cysts were obtained from the slaughterhouse in Thi-Qar province, Southern of Iraq to identify strains of E. granulosus which infect human and other intermediate hosts  (sheep and cattle). The molecular study was carried out on the isolates and a specific primer set for the mitochondrial dehydrogenase NADH subunit 1 (NAD1) gene was used. This primer set was amplified 400 bp of the NAD1 gene in all selected isolates. The PCR products for the twelve selected isolates of E. granulosus (4 isolates per intermediate host) were sequenced and the results for these twelve isolates showed that all sequenced isolates, except one isolate Eg_5, belonged to the sheep strain G1 and a slight genetic diversity was observed with the reference sequences of the strain G1. The exception was in the isolate Eg_5 isolated from a cattle liver, which was similar to the buffalo strain G3. This study concludes that the common E. granulosus strain in Thi-Qar province is G1.  

scholarly journals Prevalence of Echinococcus Granulosus in Different Intermediate Hosts in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Azad A. Meerkhan ◽  
Wijdan M. S. Mero
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Liver Involvement ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
High Liver

This study was carried out in Duhok provinces, Kurdistan Region/ Iraq from August; 2014 to December 2015.The study focused on the prevalence of CE in slaughtered animals. The total prevalence was 5.25% (11753/223436), with a high rate in sheep (4.25%), and low rates in goats and cattle (0.64% and 0.37%, respectively).  With respect to abattoirs involved in the study, the highest prevalence was detected in Akre abattoir (8.21%) and the lowest in Amedy abattoir (4.09%). Among the infected animals, sheep in Akre abattoir recorded the highest prevalence, while cattle in Duhok abattoir recorded the lowest prevalence (7.57 and 0.1%, respectively). Males of sheep, goats and cattle showed higher prevalence (70.51, 63.62, and 92.06%, respectively). Regarding organ involvements, malesand females of cattle showed high liver involvement (63.13 and 84.62%, respectively), while males and females of sheep (62.21 and 60.31%, respectively) and goats (60.59 and 54.51%, respectively) showed high lungs involvements.

scholarly journals Establishing infection with Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst From Bovine origin in dogs

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Nadia,A.Ali , M.Magzob , Elmalik , Khitma,H.
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Faecal Examination ◽  
Successful Transmission ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Worm Recovery

Establishing infection with Echinococcus granulosus had often created a challenge where by the actual role of the different Intermediate hosts could not be precisely determined. This study was consequently planned to examine the efficiency of cattle as intermediate hosts in the transmission of E. granulosus to canine final hosts. A modified procedure was followed where dogs were fed whole viable hydatid cysts as compared to viable protoscoleces obtained from hydatid sand mixed with meat. Successful transmission was attained as indicated by the presence of ova at faecal examination and adult worm recovery at post – mortem examination. The pre-patent period ranged between 30 – 42 days. It was apparent that the non capsulated protoscoleces were defected to the extend that they could not develop to maturity in the dog’s viscera. This modification needs to be applied to verify the efficiency of different intermediate hosts in the transmission cycle of Echinococcosis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Echinococcus Granulosus in Different Intermediate Hosts in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Azad A. Meerkhan ◽  
Wijdan M. S. Mero
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Liver Involvement ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
High Liver

This study was carried out in Duhok provinces, Kurdistan Region/ Iraq from August; 2014 to December 2015.The study focused on the prevalence of CE in slaughtered animals. The total prevalence was 5.25% (11753/223436), with a high rate in sheep (4.25%), and low rates in goats and cattle (0.64% and 0.37%, respectively).  With respect to abattoirs involved in the study, the highest prevalence was detected in Akre abattoir (8.21%) and the lowest in Amedy abattoir (4.09%). Among the infected animals, sheep in Akre abattoir recorded the highest prevalence, while cattle in Duhok abattoir recorded the lowest prevalence (7.57 and 0.1%, respectively). Males of sheep, goats and cattle showed higher prevalence (70.51, 63.62, and 92.06%, respectively). Regarding organ involvements, malesand females of cattle showed high liver involvement (63.13 and 84.62%, respectively), while males and females of sheep (62.21 and 60.31%, respectively) and goats (60.59 and 54.51%, respectively) showed high lungs involvements.

scholarly journals Experimentally Induced Cerebral Cystic Echinococcosis in Rats: A Suitable Animal Model for Cerebral Echinococcosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein RADFAR ◽  
Soheila FOTOOHI ◽  
Shahrzad AZIZI ◽  
Reza KHEIRANDISH
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Cerebral Hydatidosis

Background: Echinococcus granulosus is a worldwide zoonotic cestode that lives mainly in the intestine of dog as definitive host. Its larval stage infects intermediate hosts and forms hydatid cysts mainly in the liver and lungs tissues and less other organs such as brain, eye and bone. In the experimental models, inoculation of protoscoleces into the peritoneum, thoracic cavity, subcutaneous and cerebrum produces hydatid cysts. Experimental echinococcosis in the animal models provides a good opportunity for study of the parasite-host relationship, different transmission ways of infection in the intermediate hosts and effect of new drugs. Methods: The present study was conducted in the Veterinary School, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran in 2018. In this study, cerebral hydatidosis was investigated in 6 female Wistar rats weighing (200±20 gr). For this purpose, protoscoleces were collected from hydatid cysts of infected sheep liver. Overall, 300 protoscolices were injected directly in the lateral ventricle by an insulin syringe through the implanted cannula. Results: After 4 months of inoculation, multiple thin-walled, transparent hydatid cysts were observed in the rat skull. All cysts were infertile. The cysts were localized prominently on the cerebral cortex and lesser in the parenchyma and ventricles. The cyst walls consisted of three layers consist of the outer layer (fibrous capsule), two parasitic layers and the endocyst layer (germinal layer). The cyst was surrounded by the inflammatory cells consist of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first experimental cerebral hydatidosis arisen from larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus in the animal model.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Account on Prevalence and Characteristics of Hydatid Cysts in Livestock from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naunain Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Haroon Ahmed ◽  
Sami Simsek ◽  
Hira Muqaddas
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Multiple Form ◽  
Dispersion Pattern ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Significant Statistical Difference ◽  
Wide Gap ◽  
Over Dispersion ◽  
Solitary Form

Pakistan is at intersection of hyperendemic regions for hydatidosis. Current study aimed to determine the prevalence of hydatid cysts and cyst characteristics in different intermediate hosts (sheep, goats, cattle and buffaloes) across the 4 provinces of Pakistan. A total of 991 sheep, 1,478 goats, 1,602 cattle and 1,343 buffaloes were examined for presence of hydatid cysts during 2 years (January 2016-December 2018). Differences in frequency of hydatidosis were observed with highest overall prevalence in buffaloes (11.9%) and sheep (11.5%). Highest prevalence and burden of infection were observed in older age animals (23.8%, 9.78±0.49) and females (26.5%, 12.53±0.67). Data for seasonal prevalence alluded to year-round presence of disease with non-significant statistical difference. Organ predilection indicated liver as the most preferred site of cyst localization followed mainly by lungs. An over-dispersion pattern was observed in all infected animals as majority of cysts belonged <10 cysts per infected host category. Highest percentage of fertile cysts was observed in liver of sheep. Interestingly, solitary form of cysts had higher fertility rate than multiple form. Amid lack of data and wide gap of knowledge, this study would try to fill up the lacunae regarding this neglected tropical disease. Extensive rearing of livestock, unregulated official slaughter and home slaughtering have played role in adaptability of <i>E. granulosus</i> in Pakistan.

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