Differential Diagnosis of Retinoblastoma and Conditions Simulating Retinoblastoma (Pseudoretinoblastoma)

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
D.P. Volodin ◽  
◽  
A.V. Kotelnikova ◽  
E.S. Kotova ◽  
A.A. Yarovoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
History Of

The review article provides literature data related to the history of differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma and lesions simulating retinoblastoma (pseudoretinoblastomas), provides a modern classification of pseudoretinoblastomas, describes clinical and diagnostic features that allow to differentiate these conditions. The analysis of Russian and foreign publications on main pseudoretinoblastomas requiring differential diagnosis with retinoblastoma in pediatric ophthalmological practice was carried out. Key words: ophthalmology, retinoblastoma, lesions simulating retinoblastoma, pseudoretinoblastomas, differential diagnosis.

Differentiation between Melanin-Laden Macrophages and Melanoma Cells in Vitreous Aspirates

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Ernest Iakovlev ◽  
Zeina Ghorab ◽  
Hatem Krema ◽  
Vladimir Iakovlev ◽  
Peter Kertes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Melanoma Metastasis ◽  
Vitreous Fluid ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Pigmented Lesions ◽  
Atypical Cells ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Current

Objective: The differential diagnosis between retinal detachment and melanoma metastatic to the vitreous can be challenging, both clinically and cytologically. We demonstrate the diagnostic features and pitfalls of the cytological assessment. Study Design: A case of a metastatic melanoma to the vitreous is compared to a case of retinal detachment initially suspected as melanoma metastasis. Case 1 was a 54-year-old patient with a vague history of pigmented lesions 20 years previously and a current presentation of a visual defect. Case 2 was a 68-year-old patient with a history of melanoma and a presentation of floaters and flashing lights. Results: The vitreous fluid of case 1 contained atypical, pigment-laden cells positive for HMB-45 and assessed as melanoma. On enucleation, a melanoma metastatic to the vitreous was diagnosed. The vitreous fluid of case 2 revealed atypical cells containing pigment granules. The cells were negative for melanocytic markers, while the granules stained positive for melanin. Macrophage marker CD163 was positive in all cells. The interpretation was one of macrophages reactive to the retinal detachment. Conclusion: Melanin-laden macrophages can mimic melanoma cells. This needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis. Additional stains can help the distinction.

Luke Howard, F. R. S. (1772-1864) and his relations with Goethe

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-140 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Atmospheric Electricity ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Early History ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Rain Cloud

Luke Howard, F.R.S., is an outstanding figure in the history of meteorology (1). His published works, notably The Climate of London (1818) based on his observations, were landmarks in the early history of the subject, while his theories of the causes of rain and the influence of atmospheric electricity on precipitation have been largely confirmed by modern investigation. His most significant contribution to the science, however, was the publication, in 1803, in his ‘Essay on the Modification of Clouds’ (5), of the first classification of the cloud formations on a scientific basis which found general acceptance: his Latin terminology—cirrus, cumulus, stratus and their modifications, including nimbus, the rain-cloud—is still employed in the modern classification of cloud forms (2).

Analysis of clinical and diagnostic features and criteria for the effectiveness of treatment of autoimmune bullous dermatoses pemphigus group

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
М.Е. Zapolsky ◽  
М.М. Lebediuk ◽  
N.B. Prokofyeva ◽  
V.V. Goncharenko ◽  
S.V. Nerubashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Iga Pemphigus ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
Pemphigus Erythematosus ◽  
Pemphigus Vegetans

The modern classification of autoimmune bullous dermatoses is represented by three groups of diseases that have not only clinical, but also histomorphological, histochemical and immunogenetic similarities. Autoimmune bullous dermatoses are a group of heterogeneous diseases accompanied by the formation of blisters and erosions on the skin and/or mucous membranes under the influence of specific autoimmune complexes. The main clinical manifestations and diagnostic markers of autoimmune bullous dermatoses (ABD) belonging to the pemphigus group are considered.Objective — to analyze the prevalence of clinical forms of pemphigus in the southern region of Ukraine for the period from 2010 to 2020.Materials and methods. The observation group consisted of 88 patients aged 21 to 75 years. The features of clinical manifestations of typical and atypical forms of pemphigus have been studied, a diagnostic algorithm and criteria for the effectiveness of treatment in the early stages of the disease have been developed.Results and discussion. Pemphigus vulgaris was found in 61 (69.3 %), pemphigus vegetans — in 7 (7.9 %), pemphigus erythematosus — in 6 (6.8 %), herpetiform pemphigus — in 4 (4.5 %), IgA pemphigus — in 3 (3.4 %), paraneoplastic pemphigus — in 3 (3.4 %) patients.Conclusions. Modern clinical diagnostic features of ABD (pemphigus group) require the inclusion of immunofluorescence microscopy, direct and indirect enzyme immunoassay in laboratory screening. Not only positive clinical dynamics, but also the rate of disappearance of autoantibodies that induce the diseases (desmoglein, desmoplakin, periplakin, etc.) should be considered the criteria of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with ABD. At the same time, knowledge of the clinical features of ABD and the diseases that mimic them remains an important aspect.

Vitamins in Human Health

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu.M. Parkhomenko ◽  
◽  
G.V. Donchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
General Information ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
And Storage

The book describes the history of the discovery of vitamins, presents modern ideas about the properties of vitamins and their importance for humans as essential nutritional factors. General information is provided about the modern classification of vitamins, physicochemical and biological properties of water- and fat-soluble vitamins and vitamin-like compounds, their role in metabolism and, in general, in human health. The causes of hypovitaminosis are analyzed, advice is given on their prevention and storage of vitamins in food. The book is intended for specialists in the field of biology, medicine, as well as for a wide range of readers, including teachers, students and other people interested in health issues.

scholarly journals On the Concepts and History of Glioblastoma Multiforme - Morphology, Genetics and Epigenetics

Folia Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
George St. Stoyanov ◽  
Deyan L. Dzhenkov
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Slow Aggregation ◽  
Astrocytic Differentiation ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolution Of Ideas

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is a grade IV WHO malignant tumor with astrocytic differentiation. As one of the most common clinically diagnosed central nervous system (CNS) oncological entries, there have been a wide variety of historical reports of the description and evolution of ideas regarding these tumors.The first recorded reports of gliomas were given in British scientific reports, by Berns in 1800 and in 1804 by Abernety, with the first comprehensive histomorphological description being given in 1865 by Rudolf Virchow. In 1926 Percival Bailey and Harvey Cushing gave the base for the modern classification of gliomas. Between 1934 and 1941 the most prolific researcher in glioma research was Hans-Joachim Scherer, who postulated some of the clinico-morphological aspects of GBM. With the introduction of molecular and genetic tests the true multifomity of GBM has been established, with different genotypes bearing the same histomorphological and IHC picture, as well as some of the aspects of gliomagenesis. For a GBM to develop, a specific trigger mutation needs to occur in a GBM stem cell – primary GBM, or a slow aggregation of individual mutations, without a distinct trigger mutation – secondary GBM.Knowledge of GBM has been closely related to general medical knowledge of the CNS since these malignancies were first described more than 200 years ago. Several great leaps have been made in that time, in the footsteps of both CNS and advancements in general medical knowledge.

INTESTINAL HELMINTHS FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF TRADITIONAL PERSIAN MEDICINE VERSUS MODERN MEDICINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Arezoo Moini Jazani ◽  
Ramin Farajpour Maleki ◽  
Abdol Hasan Kazemi ◽  
Leila Ghasemi Matankolaei ◽  
Somayyeh Taheri Targhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Persian Medicine ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Persian Medicine ◽  
Human Digestive System ◽  
Old Persian ◽  
Classification And Treatment

Background: Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) has a history of almost 10,000 years with practice and experience aspects. The existing information and experiences of physicians such as Avicenna clearly show the vast amount of knowledge in the classification and treatment of pathogenic worms. The aim of this paper was the description of the various types of helminths along with their treatment in medieval Persia and comparing them with new medical findings. Materials and Methods: We searched main Traditional Persian Medical and pharmacological texts about etiology, manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of worms in the human digestive system and the out come was compared with the data extracted from modern medical sources. A list of medicinal plants was also extracted from traditional pharmacological books and the anthelmintic properties of these plants were checked in Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed and Ulrich's databases. Results: The results show the existence of theories on pathogenicity, physiopathology, symptoms and the classification of worms in TPM. TPM philosophers have divided worms into four groups and there is not great difference between old Persian and Modern classification. The old Persian scholars have explained a treatment procedure using a list of 48 medicinal plants and the anthelmintic effect of 23 plants have been shown in modern medicine studies. Conclusion: This study shows a more in-depth and thorough classification of pathogenic worms, their pathogenicity, symptoms and treatments in Traditional Persian Medical compared to Greek Medicine so that old Persian classification may be the base of modern taxonomy. More clinical trials are suggested for the efficacy and safety of these plants.

Pathology of the urachus. History of the issue and current state of the problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Dmitriy N. Shchedrov ◽  
Igor S. Shormanov ◽  
Sergey V. Kotov ◽  
Eugene V. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Approach ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Gender Aspect

Based on the analysis of literature sources, modern data are presented on the nosological structure of urachus diseases in adults and children, diagnostic methods, as well as treatment tactics for various anatomical variants of anomalies in the development of the urinary duct. A modern classification of urachal malformations caused by disorders of its obliteration is presented. Various modifications of the laparoscopic approach are considered for the most common types of this pathology. The reasons for the development of malignant neoplasms from the urachus tissue, including in the gender aspect, are described, and a comparative assessment of the methods of surgical treatment of urachus tumors is given.

Exhibitionistic Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
J. Paul Fedoroff
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatments

Abstract: This chapter provides a brief description of the key diagnostic features of exhibitionistic disorder in addition to a historic review of changes in the criteria in the Fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases. This is followed by a review of the differential diagnosis and the ways in which the disorder can take different forms or be confused with other disorders. The recent scientific literature on the disorder is summarized. A description of recommended approaches to the assessment and treatment of this disorder, including differential diagnosis and psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatments, is presented.

A revision of the southern South American genus Bolborhinum Boucomont (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1794 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ MONDACA ◽  
ANDREW B. T. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Species Group ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
South American ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
History Of

The genus Bolborhinum Boucomont (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae: Bolboceratini) is revised and now contains eight species: B. geotrupoides (Laporte), B. laesicolle (Fairmaire), B. nasutum (Fairmaire and Germain), B. seai (Martínez), B. shajovskoyi (Martínez), B. tricorne (Solier), B. trilobulicorne new species, and B. tubericeps (Fairmaire). The genus Bolborhinum is redescribed and a key to species in English and Spanish, a checklist, distributional and temporal data, and designation of lectotypes and neotypes are given. All species in the genus are diagnosed and illustrated, and distributional records with maps for all species are included. Additionally, some observations on the natural history of Bolborhinum species are presented. One new synonym is proposed: Bolboceras binasutum Fairmaire and Germain is synonymized under Bolborhinum geotrupoides. Lectotypes are designated for the following species-group names: Bolboceras binasutum Fairmaire and Germain (a junior synonym of Bolborhinum geotrupoides), Bolboceras distinguendum Fairmaire and Germain (a junior synonym of Bolborhinum geotrupoides), Bolboceras laesicolle Fairmaire (now Bolborhinum laesicolle), Bolboceras nasutum Fairmaire and Germain (now Bolborhinum nasutum), Bolboceras tetraodon Redtenbacher (a junior synonym of Bolborhinum tubericeps), Bolboceras tricorne Solier (now Bolborhinum tricorne), and Bolboceras tubericeps Fairmaire (now Bolborhinum tubericeps). Neotypes are designated for the following species-group names: Bolboceras andicolaPhilippi (a junior synonym of Bolborhinum nasutum), Bolboceras bicorne Philippi (a junior synonym of Bolborhinum tubericeps), Bolboceras excavatum Philippi (a junior synonym of Bolborhinum laesicolle), and Bolboceras geotrupoides Laporte (now Bolborhinum geotrupoides). Additionally, we here elevate the subgenera Pereirabolbus Martínez and Zefevazia Martínez to the generic level based on morphological comparisons with the genus Bolborhinum. As a result, the following combinations reflect this change in status: Pereirabolbus castaneus (Klug), Pereirabolbus tucumanensis (Boucomont), Zefevazia cantisanii (Martínez), Zefevazia peruana (Boucomont), Zefevazia quinquedentata (Felsche), and Zefevazia rosascostai Martínez. These changes are congruent with the generic concepts of Bolboceratinae from other parts of the world, and with the modern classification of the group.El género Bolborhinum Boucomont (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae: Bolboceratini) es revisado y ahora contiene ocho especies: B. geotrupoides (Laporte), B. laesicolle (Fairmaire), B. nasutum (Fairmaire y Germain), B. seai (Martínez), B. shajovskoyi (Martínez), B. tricorne (Solier), B. trilobulicorne nueva especie, y B. tubericeps (Fairmaire). El género Bolborhinum es redescrito, se presentan claves en inglés y español para la identificación de todas las especies, se proveen caracteres diagnósticos, descripciones e ilustraciones. Además se incluye un listado taxonómico, registros de distribución con mapas y se designan lectotipos y neotipos cuando corresponda. Adicionalmente algunas observaciones biológicas del género Bolborhinum son presentadas. Una nueva sinonimia es propuesta: Bolboceras binasutum Fairmaire y Germain es sinonimizado bajo Bolborhinum geotrupoides. Lectotipos son designados para los siguientes nombres: Bolboceras binasutum Fairmaire y Germain (sinónimo menor de Bolborhinum geotrupoides), Bolboceras distinguendum Fairmaire y Germain (sinónimo menor de Bolborhinum geotrupoides), Bolboceras laesicolle Fairmaire (ahora Bolborhinum laesicolle), Bolboceras nasutum Fairmaire y Germain (ahora Bolborhinum nasutum), Bolboceras tetraodon Redtenbacher (sinónimo menor de Bolborhinum tubericeps), Bolboceras tricorne Solier (ahora Bolborhinum tricorne), y Bolboceras tubericeps Fairmaire (ahora Bolborhinum tubericeps). Neotipos son designados para los siguientes nombres: Bolboceras andicola Philippi (sinónimo menor de Bolborhinum nasutum), Bolboceras bicorne Philippi (sinónimo menor Bolborhinum tubericeps), Bolboceras excavatum Philippi (sinónimo menor de Bolborhinum laesicolle), y Bolboceras geotrupoides Laporte (ahora Bolborhinum geotrupoides). Adicionalmente, nosotros elevamos los subgéneros Pereirabolbus Martínez y Zefevazia Martínez a nivel genérico basado en la comparación morfológica con el género Bolborhinum. Como resultado, los siguientes combinaciones reflejan este cambio de estatus: Pereirabolbus castaneus (Klug), Pereirabolbus tucumanensis (Boucomont), Zefevazia cantisanii (Martínez), Zefevazia peruana (Boucomont), Zefevazia quinquedentata (Felsche), y Zefevazia rosascostai Martínez. Estos cambios son congruentes con los conceptos genéricos de Bolboceratinae de otras partes del mundo, y con la clasificación moderna del grupo.

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