Role of chronic blepharitis and blepharoconjunctivitis in dry eye syndrome development and ocular surface changes, primary treatment principles (literature review)

Many patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) suffer from dry eye syndrome (DES), and this is one of the most common reasons of eye discomfort in patients with GO. The prevalence of DES in patients with GO is significantly higher than normal subjects. The ocular surface changes involving changes in tears, cornea, conjunctiva and glands occur in GO patients. However, the mechanism of how DES occurs in GO still remains unclear. In this review, the ocular surface changes were illustrated and analyzed the reasons for high prevalence of DES in GO patients.

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New Hyaluronic Acid Preparations in the Treatment of Children with Dry Eye Syndrome

Ophthalmology in Russia ◽

10.18008/1816-5095-2021-1-129-135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 129-135

Author(s):

V. V. Brzheskiy ◽

I. N. Gorbachevskaya ◽

S. Y. Golubev

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Tear Film ◽

Severe Form ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Chronic Uveitis ◽

The Stability ◽

Chronic Blepharitis

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the preparations Optinol® Express Moisture (0.21 %) and Optinol® Deep Moisture (0.4 %) in the treatment of children with dry eye syndrome (DES) and to determine the indications for prescribing these drugs for various etiologies and clinical course of the disease.Patients and methods. The study involved 56 children aged 4–17 years with DES, which were divided into 3 groups, depending on its pathogenetic type. The first consisted of 24 children with DES, which developed on the basis of chronic blepharitis, the second — 12 children with neuroparalytic keratitis, and the third — 18 children with chronic uveitis, in whom DES was caused by prolonged instillations of eye drops with benzalkonium chloride. Each group was divided into 2 more equal subgroups, the first of which was prescribed the drug Optinol® Express Moisture, and the second — Optinol® Deep Moisture with a frequency of 4 times a day.Results. In all children, from the very first days of instillation of the studied drugs, a decrease in the severity of subjective signs of DES (OSDI) was noted, as well as a gradual decrease in the degree of xerotic changes in the ocular surface (severity of its staining with vital dyes) and an increase in the stability of the tear film (M.Norn). At the same time, the positive dynamics of the controlled parameters increased with the continuation of therapy, reaching a maximum by the 30th day of treatment. Moreover, the effectiveness of therapy depended on the severity of xerosis of the ocular surface: it was maximal in children with mild, and minimal in children with an extremely severe form of xerosis (with neuroparalytic keratitis). Moreover, the drug Optinol® Express Moisture was more effective in the treatment of children with mild and extremely severe forms of DES, and Optinol® Deep Moisture — with moderate and severe xerosis.Conclusion. The preparations Optinol® Express Moisture and Optinol® Deep Moisturization are effective in the treatment of children with DES, which has developed on the basis of pathology of the ocular surface of neurotrophic and artifact genesis, as well as increased volatility of the precorneal tear film against the background of chronic blepharitis.

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The use of tear substitutes when wearing contact lenses (literature review)

The Eye ◽

10.33791/2222-4408-2019-3-34-38 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 127 (2019-3) ◽

pp. 34-38

Author(s):

Artur Mits

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Contact Lenses ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Silicone Hydrogel ◽

Outpatient Departments ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

Negative Side Effects

Topicality. In recent years, dry eye syndrome has become increasingly important in clinical practice. Disturbance of the wettability of the eye surface occurs due to external factors influence, one of which are contact lenses. The review presents the literature data analysis covering possible impact of contact lenses made of different materials (hydrogel, silicone hydrogel, soft and rigid gas permeable) on the development of dry eye symptoms, as well as the role of tear substitutes use when wearing contact lenses. Due to agreat variety of different studies on this topic, the literature review on the tear substitutes instillation when wearing contact lenses in patients with dry eye syndrome is relevant and crucial for doctors in outpatient departments. Conclusion. The research has shown that, it is possible to identify unmodifiable and modifiable risk factors for dry eye syndrome with reliable and probable factors. In addition, the therapeutic use of HYLO-COMOD and PARIN-POS is accompanied by minimum possible negative side effects and their use can increase the amount of tear film, as well as reduce the severity of eye discomfort.

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Ocular Comorbidities in Rosacea: A Case-Control Study Based on Seven Institutions

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10132897 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 2897

Author(s):

Yu Ri Woo ◽

Minah Cho ◽

Hyun Jeong Ju ◽

Jung Min Bae ◽

Sang Hyun Cho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Matched Control ◽

Case Control ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Data Set ◽

Ocular Symptoms ◽

Inflammatory Dermatosis ◽

Control Study ◽

Surface Changes

Rosacea is a facial inflammatory dermatosis that is linked with various systemic illnesses. With regards to the eye, rosacea patients have been described to manifest ocular surface changes, such as blepharitis and conjunctivitis. However, studies that examine the association of rosacea with a wider array of ocular diseases are limited. Thus, our aim was to identify the range of ocular comorbidities in the Korean patient population and create a reference data set. A multi-institutional, case-control study was conducted, where 12,936 rosacea patients and an equal number of sex- and age-matched control subjects were extracted over a 12-year period. We were able to discover a notable association between rosacea and blepharitis (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.44; 95% confidence interval, 2.71–4.36, p < 0.001), conjunctivitis (aOR 1.65; 95% CI, 1.50–1.82, p < 0.001), glaucoma (aOR 1.93; 95% CI, 1.70–2.20, p < 0.001), dry eye syndrome (aOR 1.89; 95% CI, 1.70–2.09, p < 0.001), and chalazion (aOR 3.26; 95% CI, 1.41–7.57, p = 0.006) from logistic regression analysis. Female subjects and individuals younger than 50 exclusively showed higher odds for chalazion. Our study suggests that ocular comorbidities (i.e., glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, and chalazion as well as blepharitis and conjunctivitis) are more prevalent among Koreans with rosacea. Clinicians should proactively check ocular symptoms in rosacea and employ joint care with an ophthalmologist in cases of need.

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Dry Eye Syndrome-Related Quality of Life in Glaucoma Patients

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/112067210901900409 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 572-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Gemma Caterina Maria Rossi ◽

Carmine Tinelli ◽

Gian Maria Pasinetti ◽

Giovanni Milano ◽

Paolo Emilio Bianchi

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Control Group ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Symptom Scale ◽

Cross Sectional

Purpose To verify the presence of dry eye syndrome (DES) in treated patients with glaucoma and to analyze DES's impact on the patients' quality of life (QOL) versus the control group. Methods In this observational cross-sectional study, 61 patients were enrolled at a clinical practice. Patients were divided into three groups by number of glaucoma drops instilled per day (G1=1 drop/day, G2=2 drops/day, G3=3 drops/day). A control group of 20 subjects was also selected (G0). All subjects were submitted to a complete ocular examination (including tear function and ocular surface status) and completed the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ), Glaucoma Symptom Scale (GSS) questionnaire, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). DES was defined as presence of punctate keratitis and decreased break-up time. Statistical analysis was performed applying the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and Mann-Whitney U tests (to compare median values between groups) as well as the χ2 and Fisher test (to verify significant differences). Results A total of 40% of G3 and 39% of G2 patients presented DES versus 11% of G1 and 5% of G0 (p=0.01). QOL was significantly influenced and altered (NEI-VFQ 25 total mean and GSS total mean and symptoms average: p=0.0085, p=0.006, and p=0.03, respectively). OSDI pointed out differences by group: 26% of G2 and 15% of G3 presented moderate OSDI and 15% of G3 and 8.7% of G2 severe OSDI (p>0.05). Conclusions Patients with topically treated glaucoma present DES more often than a similar control group (p=0.01). The presence of DES negatively influences the patient's QOL. The patients with glaucoma's ocular surface status should be evaluated regularly to ensure the timely detection and treatment of pathologic signs on the ocular surface.

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Reconsidering the central role of mucins in dry eye and ocular surface diseases

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research ◽

10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.11.007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 68-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Christophe Baudouin ◽

Maurizio Rolando ◽

Jose M. Benitez Del Castillo ◽

Elisabeth M. Messmer ◽

Francisco C. Figueiredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Ocular Surface Diseases

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Changes the Ocular Surface after Corneal Refractive Surgery. Review

Ophthalmology in Russia ◽

10.18008/1816-5095-2020-3-344-350 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 344-350

Author(s):

S. V. Trufanov ◽

E. V. Sukhanova ◽

A. A. Tyurina

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Refractive Surgery ◽

High Efficiency ◽

High Specificity ◽

Functional Results ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Surgery Research ◽

Corneal Refractive Surgery

Modern corneal refractive surgery provides high efficiency, safety, predictability and stability of the different ametropia kinds correction’s clinically-functional results. However, in overwhelming percentage of cases, having spent some time after surgery patients complain about discomfort, eyes dryness, burning, feel gritty, redness, blurred and vision instability. Complaints mentioned above are caused by the appearance of transitory dry eye syndrome. Main etiology and pathogenesis factors of this disease are presented in this review. The results of dry eye syndrome classical diagnosis methods have been analyzed, as well as modern techniques, characterized by high specificity and sensitivity, which allow to increase the dry eye’s diagnostics accuracy. The study of the dry syndrome after corneal refractive surgery is devoted to a huge number of works of domestic and foreign authors. However, at present time there is no unique algorithm for assessing the damage of the ocular surface before and after corneal refractive surgery, which would include a set of high-precision and specific techniques for quickly and reliably evaluate the severity of dry eye syndrome, allowing to develop preventive measures and pathogenetically oriented treatment and, thereby, accelerate rehabilitation of patients after surgery. Research continuation is needed in this direction.

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Cyclosporine use in “dry eye” syndrome

Ophthalmology journal ◽

10.17816/ov15853 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 75-82

Author(s):

Inna A. Riks

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Anti Inflammatory

This literature review focuses on the need for anti-inflammatory therapy for dry eye disease (DED). Causes of development and mechanisms of pathogenesis of DED are presented. Principles of action of various groups of anti-inflammatory medications, as well as recommendations for cyclosporine use of are described. The results of studies on cyclosporine efficacy are highlighted, principles of cyclosporin prescription in DED are listed.

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