The cornea of ​​a cadaveric donor is a key problem in keratoplasty

Author(s):  
S.A. Borzenok ◽  
◽  
B.E. Malyugin ◽  
Y.A. Komakh ◽  
Y.Y. Kalinnikov ◽  
...  

This monograph is a source of additional knowledge to the main program of the lecture material and the textbook "Eye Diseases" edited by prof. V.G. Kopaeva, addressed to teachers and students, residents and graduate students, practicing ophthalmic surgeons for in-depth independent development of the section of corneal transplantation.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Christopher Marc Roemmele ◽  
Jon Harbor ◽  
Daniel Nelson Moore

We investigated how a program (GK-12) that engages diverse graduate students with middle school teachers and children impacts the participants’ teaching knowledge over a period of one day a week over ten-weeks. The experience includes graduate students developing and delivering a standards-based, hands-on and inquiry-infused lesson centered around their research interests. Qualitative analysis of reflective journals of the participants show that this intensive engagement with teachers and students increased their understanding and experience with pedagogical techniques and strategies to promote and improve student learning and understanding, developing and enhancing personality traits that encourage a positive culture for learning, and acquiring strategies and the fortitude needed to meet and deal with multiple priorities in a complex teaching environment. These results suggest that GK-12 type programs provide graduate students with skills and experiences that can be valuable when seeking employment in industry, the public or nonprofit sector, or as faculty at post-secondary institutions. Continued research of the program is necessary to determine how past participants have utilized these skills as a competitive advantage in their careers.


Author(s):  
Laura Anne Gray-Rosendale

In this chapter, the author examines various ways in which discussions, creative blog posts, final course projects, and the real-time video tool BB Learn Collaborate can be best used to engage online students in a graduate course in “The History of Life Writing.” Moving between detailed research about technology, collaboration, and autobiography as well as her own personal reflections about her experiences teaching the course, this chapter provides some useful suggestions about how to best engage online graduate students in the subject of life writing. Finally, drawing from students' own feedback, the chapter reveals the powerful effects that real-time video conferencing can have for creating an engaging online presence for teachers and students alike.


Author(s):  
Francisco Redondo Periago

Nowadays it is unquestionable that audiovisual has become a widely used tool for the development of knowledge in the classroom. Based on this assumption, the research that I have developed aims to produce documentaries as helping diffuser product and content for students of Basic Education and also as a form of training, put graduate students to deepen the practices developed in the classroom. The audiovisual aid that will be developed is the documentary which will be the matrix for the development of teaching material that fits the process of cognition between teachers and students. This will be achieved through the interaction between University and Basic Education Institutions and will include the involvement of teachers and students. The activity is of extension and social order and aims to promote integration between the University and the Basic Education Institutions for the development of teaching materials.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Geovana Ferreira Melo ◽  
Selma Garrido Pimenta

O objetivo do presente artigo é evidenciar possíveis contribuições de uma Didática Multidimensional para a prática pedagógica, a partir das percepções de pós-graduandos em Educação. Considerando seus princípios fundamentais, dos quais se destacam: ensinar com pesquisa, relações dialógicas, mediação pedagógica, rede de saberes e processos de práxis. Neste sentido, surge o seguinte questionamento: Quais as percepções de pós-graduandos quanto à complexidade de uma Didática Multidimensional e suas contribuições para a atividade docente? Nesta pesquisa exploratória, participaram nove pós-graduandos em Educação – mestrandos e doutorandos, docentes do ensino superior de diversas áreas. Sendo que, as produções escritas sobre o que a didática ensina à própria área em articulação com os referenciais teóricos – Franco e Pimenta (2016); Pimenta, Franco e Fusari (2015); Libâneo (2014); Charlot (2000); Freire (1997); Veiga (1996); Candau (1983) – compuseram o corpus da pesquisa. O estudo teve como pressupostos o entendimento de que o ensino, objeto da Didática, se configura como uma prática social e um fenômeno complexo. O que demanda diferentes interlocuções entre os saberes a serem, constantemente, reconstruídos pelos professores e exige ruptura com os modelos prescritivos e transmissivos de aula, para uma formação centrada na pesquisa. Assim sendo, professores e estudantes, ao se compreenderem pesquisadores, problematizam a realidade na busca de alternativas de reflexão-transformação.AbstractThe objective of this article is to evidence possible contributions of a multidimensional didactics for the pedagogical practice. Considering its fundamental principles, which include: teaching with research; dialogical relations; pedagogical mediation, network of knowledge and processes of praxis. Thus, some questions arise, such as: What are the post-graduate students' perceptions regarding the complexity of a Multidimensional Didactics and its contributions to the teaching activity? In this exploratory research, nine postgraduate students participated in Education - masters and doctoral students, teaching higher education in various areas. Thereby, their productions written about what didactics teaches the own area in conjunction with the theoretical - Franco and Pimenta (2016); Pimenta, Franco and Fusari (2015); Libâneo (2014); Charlot (2000); Freire (1997); Veiga (1996); Candau (1983) – comprised the corpus of research. The study had as assumptions the understanding that education, object of didactics, configures itself as a social practice and a complex phenomenon, which requires different interlocutions among knowledges, to be constantly rebuilt by teachers and requires a rupture with the prescriptive models and transmissive classroom, for a training focused on research. In this sense, teachers and students to understand researchers, problematize the reality in the search for alternatives for reflection-transformation.Keywords: Didactics; Teaching in Higher Education; Multidimensional Didactics; Teaching-learning.ResumenEl objetivo del presente artículo es evidenciar posibles contribuciones de una Didáctica Multidimensional para la práctica pedagógica. Considerando sus principios fundamentales, de los cuales se destacan: enseñar con investigación; relaciones dialógicas; la mediación pedagógica, red de saberes y procesos de praxis, cuestionamos: ¿Cuáles son las percepciones de postgraduados en cuanto a la complejidad de una Didáctica Multidimensional y sus contribuciones a la actividad docente? Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, en la que participaron nueve postgraduados en Educación - maestrandos y doctorandos, docentes de la enseñanza superior de diversas áreas. Sus producciones escritas sobre lo que la didáctica enseña a la propia área en articulación con los referentes teóricos - Franco y Pimenta (2016); Pimenta, Franco y Fusari (2015); Libâneo (2014); Charlot (2000); Freire (1997); Veiga (1996); Candau (1983) – compusieron el corpus de la investigación. El estudio tuvo como presupuestos el entendimiento de que la enseñanza, objeto de la Didáctica, se configura como una práctica social y un fenómeno complejo, lo que demanda diferentes interlocuciones entre los saberes, a ser constantemente reconstruidos por los profesores y exige ruptura con los modelos prescriptivos y para la formación centrada en la investigación. En ese sentido, profesores y estudiantes, al comprenderse investigadores, problematizan la realidad en la búsqueda de alternativas de reflexión-transformación.Palabras clave: Didáctica. Docencia en la enseñanza superior. Didáctica Multidimensional. Enseñanza-aprendizaje.


Author(s):  
Gaafar Mosbah Mohamad

Abstract: The present study aimed to identify the role of the Internet in improving the teaching skills from the perspective of professors and graduate students at Malang State University. Therefore, two questionnaires were set, the first for the professors in the Department of Arabic Language at the Malang State University and the second for the students of the higher studies in the same department.  These questionnaires were applied to a sample of 25 and a sample of 10 graduate students respectively.The research reached, through the preparatory study, to the following results :To begin with, creating groups, or online mailing groups, is mainly to strengthen the communication among supervisors, professors and students, as well as, the use of the Internet to remotely train teachers. Then, according to the findings, the main obstacles to the use of the Internet are the uncertainty of professors of its importance and uses, and the weak cooperation between teachers and administrative teachers. In addition to that, the most important ways to using the internet are providing schools and universities with the necessary equipment and programs to access to the Internet, and giving professors and teachers authority regarding educational matters. Furthermore, graduate students were rarely using the Internet to access educational sites. Moreover, the lack of programs that serve the educational teaching process is the biggest obstacle to the use of the Internet, which indicates the lack of an important element, namely, programs in Arabic. This is a common result between teachers and students. Last but not least, teachers and professors should be given some educational authority, while highlighting the importance of the Internet and its uses to some of them.المستخلص: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور الإنترنت في تحسين مهارات التدريس من وجهة نظر أساتذة وطلاب الدراسات العليا بجامعة مالانج الحكومية. فلذلك، تم وضع استبيانين، الأول للأساتذة في قسم اللغة العربية بجامعة مالانج الحكومية والثاني لطلاب الدراسات العليا في نفس القسم. وفقًا للنتائج، فإن العوائق الرئيسية أمام استخدام الإنترنت هي عدم اليقين من جانب الأساتذة حول أهميتها واستخداماتها، وضعف التعاون بين المعلمين والإداريين. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تتمثل أهم طرق استخدام الإنترنت في تزويد المدارس والجامعات بالمعدات والبرامج اللازمة للوصول إلى الإنترنت ومنح الأساتذة والمدرسين السلطة فيما يتعلق بالمسائل التعليمية. وعلاوة على ذلك، نادراً ما يستخدم طلاب الدراسات العليا الإنترنت للوصول إلى المواقع التعليمية. علاوة على ذلك، فإن نقص البرامج التي تخدم عملية التدريس التعليمية هو أكبر عقبة أمام استخدام الإنترنت، مما يدل على عدم وجود عنصر مهم، وهو البرامج باللغة العربية. يجب إعطاء المعلمين والأساتذة بعض السلطة التعليمية، مع تسليط الضوء على أهمية الإنترنت واستخداماتها لبعضهم. كلمات مفتاحية: الإنترنت؛ مهارات التدريس؛ تدريس اللغة العربية؛ تدريس اللغة الثانية.


QJM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 681-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Singh ◽  
S K Arya ◽  
U Handa ◽  
J Chander

Abstract Context There is a wide gap between supply and demand in relation to healthy corneal grafts. Specific contraindications like infection and malignancy lead to non-usage of many grafts, despite the fact that deeming graft unhealthyness for these two contraindications is debatable. Aims This study was conceptualized to assess if corneas donated from the deceased with septicaemia or malignancy can be deemed fit for implantation. Settings and design Retrospective histopathological and microbiological analysis of cadaveric donor corneas. Methods A total of 76 donor corneas from 38 patients rejected for corneal transplantation in view of patient having septicaemia or malignancy were analysed for pathological and microbiological workup, to look for dissemination of disease within corneal tissue. Pathology workup included gross and microscopic histopathological evaluation of tissue. Microbiology workup included Grams stain and KOH with calcofluor mount, culture in blood agar, chocolate agar, Sabourauds dextrose agar and Mc Conkeys broth. Results A total of 46 donor corneas of 23 septicaemia patients when evaluated showed presence of culture positive infection in 18 patients (78.2%). Histopathological examination done for 30 donor corneas from 15 cancer patients did not reveal presence of tumour cells in the specimen. Corneas of two of cancer patients having septicaemia revealed growth on cultures. Conclusions Corneal tissues harvested from septicaemia donors showed significantly higher incidence of corneal contamination, confirming their unsuitability for usage. However, there was no incidence of tumour transmission in corneal tissues of the patients with malignancies, suggesting that they can be considered for ophthalmic purpose.


2012 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 186-190
Author(s):  
Dian Sheng Chen ◽  
Tian Miao Wang ◽  
Wan Jun Zheng

For project-based learning model in course of electromechanical Control Engineering, the method of using graduate students as teaching assistants is proposed to resolve the problem of shortage of teachers. In mechanical engineering institution, graduate students undertake all kinds of teaching works after strict selection and comprehensive training and the advantages of graduate assistants are fully taken. This system makes great contributions to the teaching of the Electromechanical Control Engineering and achieves positive evaluations from teachers and students. For the problems in teaching system, corresponding solutions are proposed and good teaching effects are achieved in actual teaching process.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar

Human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC) grafts to replace cadaveric donor corneas have made tremendous progress in recent years, and this article highlights the most recent discoveries and important achievements in this area. Cell injection therapy with cultured HCEC has just finished its first clinical research, which showed promising results. This follows on the heels of the success of autologous limbal stem cell transplantation in bioengineered ocular tissue transplantation. Transplantation techniques like bioengineered endothelium sheet transplantation and full-thickness corneal transplantation are likely to become more prevalent in the future decade. This goal will be achieved by a combination of current advancements in HCEC propagation, high-quality culture media, and 3D or 4D tissue culture, which will be the trend in the future.


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