scholarly journals Der Computer als Denkzeug für hermeneutische Arbeit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Keil
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Design Conflicts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Context Free

Computer science and the humanities seem to belong to two opposite sides within the spectrum of scientific methods and research. In the domain of digital humanities, however, formalization and hermeneutic interpretation have to be integrated. As will be argued in this article, this integration provides a fundamentally new challenge to both disciplines. In particular, researchers from the humanities want to be sure that using the tools provided by computer science (big data, machine learning, etc.) do not change insights in any non-expected way. However, even if this could be partially secured, it cannot be achieved in general for most of the research practices. As will be demonstrated in the context of digital editions in musicology, it is impossible to design technology in a neutral or context-free manner. Due to the interests of different actors and institutions, numerous design conflicts arise where the implementation of requirements violates other, equally valid demands. To balance these conflicting requirements invariably brings some bias to the overall design. Thus, it is important to develop a strategy for identifying potential influences as well as the impact of design decisions throughout the whole process of developing tools and infrastructures. The paper presents an approach for hypotheses driven design of digital tools and infrastructures from a computer science point of view, placing great emphasis on supporting mutual understanding and ensuring a transparent design process.

scholarly journals ABOUT THE LAW OF MINIMIZATION OF REPRESENTATION OF ARTISTIC CONCEPTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Antonina V. Shvetsova ◽  
◽  
Elena V. Donskaya ◽  
Olga B. Elkan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Integral Process ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Material Texts

The authors appeal to the issues relevant to researchers of contemporary culture and art in the field of figurative language of culture, the two-level intertext and paradigm of metavirtualism. The object of research is a figurative, upper layer of two – level intertext, the carrier of the the-saurus of virtual images, constructions and concepts that make up the semantic field of culture. The subject of the research is the property of the image layer of the two-level intertext manifested in mini-mizing the representation of concepts in their translation into material texts of culture. The aim of the work is to substantiate the tendency to minimization of artistic concepts as an objective consequence of the influence of the upper, figurative layer of intertext on the integral process of development of artis-tic culture and to generalize this trend as a law of minimization of representation of artistic concepts. The ratio of the concept and the image associated with never validate of thinking and the idea of consciousness as a two-layer phenomenon, combining the imaginative and the rational (reflective) layer. In contrast to the relatively rigid verbal-reflexive level, the thesaurus of the “upper” (figurative) layer of intertext has a high degree of semantic dynamism, flexibility, and elasticity; these or other images by their very nature can not acquire a strictly defined “meaning”, meaning, rigid and unambig-uous interpretation – their specific manifestations are always and first of all concrete, individual and unique. In this sense, they can be compared with the “archetypes” of K. G. Jung. Researchers of modern poetic texts notice a steady reduction in the average length of the poem from the collection to the collection, a decrease in the number of stanzas, the desire for laconism, which grows into gravitation to poetic miniature. Sometimes they talk about the compression of infor-mation, the increment of meaning, content and at the same time minimize the means of expression, the growth of information capacity of signs. There is an obvious tendency to make the picturesque lan-guage of portrait, landscape, sculpture more laconic. Such a manifestation of conciseness, apparent simplification of the artistic language, minimization is actually aimed at concentrating the viewer on the images generated by the work of art (representation of the concept). This minimization of means of expression, from our point of view, is an objective consequence of the impact of the upper, figurative layer of intertext on the whole process of development of artistic culture, and can be generalized as a law of minimization of representation of artistic concepts. It is also promising to continue and deepen the analysis of the harmonious coexistence of cultural and artistic processes of “minimization” and “expansion” in the framework of the synthesis of arts.

scholarly journals MANUFACTURING OF THE SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT REGIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC SAFETY

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-823
Author(s):  
M. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Impact

Introduction.The article is devoted to the study of the regional manufacturing industry of the Siberian Federal District from the standpoint of economic security. The purpose of the article is to analyze the manufacturing industries on the basis of the proposed indicators group and in the context of ensuring economic security of the Siberian federal district.Materials and methods.The scientific methods of logic, comparison, as well as the method of the statistical materials’ analysis are used in the research. The analysis of the manufacturing industry was carried out in two groups of indicators:1)            indicators determining the socio-economic importance of the manufacturing industry for the region;2)            indicators of the export potential of the regional manufacturing industries, contributing to the development of the region.Results.The main results of the study are in identifying the regions of the Siberian Federal District, in which the manufacturing industry is the most important component in supporting the development of the region and maintaining its economic security. Moreover, special attention is paid to the contribution of manufacturing industries to the socio-economic stability of the Omsk region.The paper touches upon the theoretical and methodological provisions related to the study of the role of manufacturing industry in the development of the country and its regions and in improvement of methods for assessing regional economic security. The author proposes the group of indicators that allow more accurately reveal the impact of manufacturing industry on the socio-economic condition of the region.Discussion and conclusion. The conducted research allows supplementing the existing scientific directions with the approach, which clarifies the assessment of the manufacturing industry with an analysis of its export potential indicators, in order to expand the comprehensive understanding of the most problematic points of regional development from economic security point of view.

scholarly journals OPPORTUNITY OF RATIONAL LEGISLATOR IN PRACTICE: LITHUANIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Darijus Beinoravičius ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legal Sociology

The legislator, officials of the state apparatus and the lawyers – all those who face creation, application, and systematization of legal acts – are especially interested in the perfection of such technique. Thinking in legislation is the key element in a process in which the legislator – both legal (lawyer) and political – has to choose one of the many solutions that consolidate social compromise. Legislative technique in Lithuanian doctrine is interpreted in a narrow and a broad sense. This article proves the necessity for the purview of laws to be determined by needs of the society and not by the will of authorities; it also explains how the legislator should apply legal sociology for this purpose. Scientific methods of legal sociology in lawmaking have been introduced relatively recently. The impact of law on political authorities in the process of lawmaking is reflected in actual legally consolidated politics. As legal awareness – „the spirit of law“ – has a direct impact on political processes and determines establishment of procedures, therefore politics itself becomes a part of law. Herewith in political processes the law becomes dynamic and politics itself becomes entrenched in law. In this article interpreting the legislative technique in a broad sense, as a set of methods and means used in preparation, publication and systematization of legal acts, one of its goals should be distinguished – to improve the legislative process from a technical point of view. In Lithuania, it needs to be noted that the content of these requirements have undergone positive changes in quality with the changes of legal acts. In addition to general technical – linguistical requirements material content requirements have been set forth, constituting the scope of individual regulation, the relationship with other legal acts, the essential principles of public relations regulated, etc. At the same time, references to the source of official publication were abandoned, and all these changes lead to conclusion, that the legislative technique in this area has become simpler and clearer and it contributes to the development of better lawmaking.

scholarly journals Redrawing the Boundaries: R. Dvorkin’s Interpretativism in the Light of Traditional Typologies of Legal Theorizing

Legal Concept ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Sergey Kasatkin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Neutral Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Status ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: the paper is devoted to the interpretative concept of the outstanding American jurist Ronald Dworkin, formulated in his “Law’s Empire” (1986) and a number of other works. The subject of the paper is the characteristic of R. Dvorkin’s methodological approach. As its basis the author uses the interpretation of a “methodological model” of the thinker, proposed by the Mexican researcher Imer Flores, which is valuable for the effort to relate a (polemical and only partly explicit) approach of the American jurist with the classical criteria system of the typology of legal doctrines. Accordingly, the paper aims to identify (using the general scientific and specific scientific methods) R. Dworkin’s interpretativism in the context of the basic divisions of legal theories in modern Western (Anglo-American) jurisprudence, as well as to establish the impact of interpretativism on existing legaltheoretical typologies. As a result, the paper, first, outlines the key ideas of R. Dworkin’s doctrine, and secondly, examines I. Flores’s interpretation of the content and meaning of the interpretive methodology, thirdly, assesses the validity of such an interpretation with the justification of the status of interpretativism in the system of classical types of legal theorizing and its methodological implications. As a general conclusion, the paper argues for the status of R. Dworkin’s doctrine as a private and normative jurisprudence of the “internal point of view”. I. Flores’s thesis about the unification of traditional types of legal theories in interpretativism and transcending the dichotomy between positivism and natural law is disputed. Interpretativism challenges the established system of criteria for differentiating legal theories, rejecting a number of relevant methodological perspectives, primarily a general descriptive and morally neutral theory of law. By defending a necessary connection between law and morality, interpretativism, in fact, legitimizes the claims of natural-law concepts as to a proper explanation of “law as it is”, transferring their long-standing dispute with positivism to a new – methodological – level.

scholarly journals Assessment tools for environmental and economic efficiency of design decisions in civil engineering

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Irina P. Avilova ◽  
Maria O. Krutilova ◽  
Vyacheslav V. Naumenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Construction Products ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. When implementing investment and construction projects in the field of civil engineering, most of the design decisions affecting the environmental and economic efficiency are taken at the initial stages of the project implementation. Existing methods of environmental audit in construction, legislatively and methodologically substantial at the analysis of environmental impact of construction site at the stages of operation and recycling, do not standardize and do not regulate ecological damage, earlier accumulated during production of building materials and products, and also caused during construction and assembly works. The offered principle of environmental and economic efficiency consists of the analysis and quantity and price accounting of environmental factors during the selection of building materials, and also building machines and mechanisms already at a stage of site design. Materials and Methods. The information base of the research is analytical and statistical information of the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat), Federal State Information System of Pricing (FSI SP). Results and methods of theoretical and scientific and practical researches of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of state regulation and stimulation of resource saving, sustainable development and green building; environmental and economic analysis of construction products cost are used. Results. The proposed principle makes it possible to make changes in the design of buildings from the point of view of environmental friendliness and energy consumption, taking into account the impact on the environment at the stage of construction. The result of the research is the analysis of natural resource intensity of construction products in the standard housing construction, applied methodology for evaluation of the eco-cost of construction resources used in civil engineering. Conclusions. The considered principle will enable to implement a sustainable approach in planning and implementation of investment and construction projects, which will significantly reduce environmental pollution from the point of view of minimizing the carbon impact from the construction industry and will contribute to improving the environmental and economic situation in Russia.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Medical Diagnosis from a Clinician’s Point of View

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
F. T. De Dombal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
The World

This paper discusses medical diagnosis from the clinicians point of view. The aim of the paper is to identify areas where computer science and information science may be of help to the practising clinician. Collection of data, analysis, and decision-making are discussed in turn. Finally, some specific recommendations are made for further joint research on the basis of experience around the world to date.

МАРКЕТИНГОВІ АСПЕКТИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЛІТЕРАТУРНИХ КОНКУРСІВ ТА ПРЕМІЙ

2020 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
O. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Media ◽  
Literary Prizes ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>In this study, I have collected and summarized the functional aspects of a literary prize, contest, and rating, which indicate their affiliation with the marketing complex of the publishing house for the first time. For this purpose, I have analyzed and summarized the common concepts of the functioning of literary prizes and contests as advertising tools for publishing activity. Because the previous studies are only focused on the fact of the impact of the prize on the promotion of editions but do not explain it, these aspects have been considered and introduced by me from the book production’s point of view. I investigated that the prizes and the contests in the literary field are effective marketing tools, which meet many publisher’s needs at the same time and can be considered a non-profit form of capital. I have reviewed the works of other authors, who accept that the economic success of the book is rising if the author is a winner of the literary prize or contest. I have found out that the book prize activates the demand for the book, and the literary contest is a tool to track the reader’s reaction to a future publication. In this way, literary prizes and contests can be considered as a way of conducting a marketing dialogue with the target audience. I have focused on the information support of literary national and international prizes and contests by the media, which attracts attention to the book and forms the reader’s interest. The literary prizes and contests are also considered as a way of exploring trends and their changes, familiarization the popular genres among the target audience and fixation the current choice of modern readers. Literary prizes and contests motivate the authors to improve their literary excellence, are the source of new authors and works, and assist in increasing sales of books. However, further research is recommended.</em></p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> book prize, book rating, literary contest, literary prize, functions of the literary prizes.</em>

On the Impact of Aptness, Conventionality and Familiarity on Metaphor Processing from a Meta-analytical Point of View

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-106
Author(s):  
Csilla Rákosi
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Analytical Point ◽  
Metaphor Processing ◽  
The Impact

Psycholinguistic research into metaphor processing is burdened with empirical problems as experiments provide diverging evidence on the impact of conventionality, familiarity and aptness, and with conceptual issues as the interpretation and operationalization of the three concepts mentioned, as well as the related predictions which can be drawn from theories of metaphor processing, are controversial in the literature. This paper uses tools of statistical meta-analysis in order to bring us closer to the solution of these problems and reveal future lines of research.

Wacana Kolonial dalam Novel Max Havelaar: Sebuah Kajian Poskolonial

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Abu Bakar Ramadhan Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Voice

AbstrakHegemoni kolonialisme dalam budaya poskolonial merupakan alasan penelitian inikemudian mengkaji wacana kolonial dalam novel Max Havellar (MH) khususnya dampakditimbulkannya. Dampak dimaksud adalah posisi keberpihakan pemikiran tersirat darikarya tersebut. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan, secara temporal maupun permanen MHmenyuarakan ketidakadilan dalam kondisi-kondisi kolonial menyangkut penindasan sangpenjajah terhadap terjajah. Hanya saja, upaya mengatasnamakan atau mewakili suarakaum terjajah terbukti mengimplikasikan ciri ideologis statis kerangka kolonialisme(orientalisme); yakni cara pandang Eropasentris, di mana “Barat” sebagai self adalah superior,dan “Timur” sebagai other adalah inferior. Dalam konteks poskolonialisme, MH dengan sifatkritisnya yang berupaya “menyuarakan” nasib pribumi terjajah, justru menampilkan stigmapenguatan kolonialitas itu sendiri secara hegemonik. Artinya, “menyuarakan” nasib pribumidimaknai sebagai keberpihankan kolonial yang kontradiktif, di mana stigma penguatankolonialitas justru lebih terasa, ujung-ujungnya melanggengkan hegemoni kolonial. Tidakmembela yang terjajah, tetapi memperhalus cara kerja mesin kolonial.AbstractThe hegemony of colonialism in the culture of postcolonial society is the reason this studythen examines the colonial discourse in the novel Max Havellar (MH) in particular the impactit brings. The impact in question is the implied position of thought in the work. The resultsof the discussion show that, temporarily or permanently, MH voiced injustice in the colonialconditions regarding the oppression of the colonist against the colonized. However, the effort toname or represent the voice of the colonized has proven to imply a static ideological characterin the framework of colonialism (orientalism); ie Eropacentric point of view, in which “West” asself is superior, and “East” as the other is the inferior. In the context of postcolonialism, MH withits critical nature that seeks to “voice” the fate of the colonized natives, actually presents thestigma of strengthening coloniality itself hegemonicly. That is, “voicing” the fate of the pribumiis interpreted as a contradictory colonial flare, where the stigma of strengthening colonialityis more pronounced, which ultimately perpetuates the hegemony of colonialism. No longerdefending the colonized, but refining the workings of the colonial machinery.

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