Dynamics of nociceptive sensitivity in rats after melatonin treatment under normal conditions and during long-term stress exposure

Author(s):  
С.С. Перцов ◽  
Е.В. Беляева ◽  
А.Ю. Абрамова

Цель - изучение динамики ноцицептивной чувствительности крыс в разные временные периоды после внутрибрюшинного введения мелатонина (10 мг/кг) в условиях нормы и при однократной длительной стрессорной нагрузке на модели 24-ч иммобилизации. Результаты. Установлено, что введение мелатонина приводит к усилению перцептуального компонента ноцицепции животных, выраженность которого возрастает на протяжении 8 сут. наблюдений. На 3-и - 5-е сут. у этих особей выявлено возрастание порога вокализации в ответ на электрокожное раздражение, что иллюстрирует ослабление эмоционального компонента болевой чувствительности. Стрессорное воздействие сопровождалось снижением латентного периода реакции отведения хвоста при светотермальном раздражении, что наблюдалось сразу, а также через 1, 2 и 3 сут. после окончания стрессорного воздействия. В этих условиях увеличение порога вокализации крыс при электрокожной стимуляции обнаружено сразу после стрессорной нагрузки. Указанные изменения характеризуют усиление перцептуального компонента ноцицепции - формирование гипералгезии, но подавление эмоционального восприятия болевого раздражения на ранних стадиях постстрессорного периода. Показано, что экзогенный мелатонин не предупреждает развитие гипералгезии после 24-ч иммобилизации, однако подавляет эмоциональный компонент ноцицептивной чувствительности животных в отдаленный период после длительного стрессорного воздействия (4-е и 7-е сут.). Заключение. Применение мелатонина в целях коррекции измененной болевой чувствительности, при отрицательных эмоциогенных нагрузках, необходимо проводить с учетом временной стадии постстрессорного периода, а также принимая во внимание необходимость воздействия на перцептуальный или эмоциональный компонент ноцицепции. The dynamics of nociceptive sensitivity in rats was studied in various periods after intraperitoneal injection of melatonin (10 mg/kg) under normal conditions and during long-term stress exposure on the model of 24-h immobilization. Administration of melatonin was shown to enhance the perceptual component of nociception, whose degree progressively increased over 8 days of observations. The vocalization threshold of these specimens in response to electrocutaneous stimulation was elevated on days 3-5, which illustrates suppression of the emotional component of nociceptive sensitivity. Stress exposure in animals was accompanied by a decrease in the tail-flick latency during light-heat stimulation. It was observed immediately and 1, 2, and 3 days after termination of the stress procedure. An increase in the vocalization threshold of rats was found immediately after stress. These changes illustrate an enhancement of the perceptual component of nociception (hyperalgesia), but suppression of the emotional evaluation of pain stimulation at the early stage of the post-stress period. Exogenous melatonin did not prevent the development of hyperalgesia after 24-h restraint stress. However, melatonin inhibited the emotional component of nociceptive sensitivity in animals during the late period after long-term stress exposure (days 4 and 7). We conclude that the use of melatonin for correction of changes in nociceptive sensitivity due to negative emotiogenic factors should be performed taking into account the stage of the post-stress period and necessity to affect the perceptual or emotional component of nociception.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Khabib Barnoev ◽  

The article presents the results of a study to assess the functional reserve of the kidneys against the background of a comparative study of antiaggregant therapy dipyridamole and allthrombosepin in 50 patients with a relatively early stage of chronic kidney disease. Studies have shown that long-term administration of allthrombosepin to patients has resulted in better maintenance of kidney functional reserves. Therefore, our research has once again confirmed that diphtheridamol, which is widely used as an antiaggregant drug in chronic kidney disease, does not lag behind the domestic raw material allthrombosepin


Author(s):  
Wijitbusaba Marome ◽  
Rajib Shaw

Thailand has been affected by COVID-19, like other countries in the Asian region at an early stage, and the first case was reported as early as mid-January 2020. Thailand’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been guided by the “Integrated Plan for Multilateral Cooperation for Safety and Mitigation of COVID-19”. This paper analyses the health resources in the country and focuses on the response through community-level public health system and legislative measures. The paper draws some lessons on future preparedness, especially with respect to the four priorities of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. At the end, the paper puts some key learning for future preparedness. While Thailand’s response to COVID-19 has been effective in limiting the spread of the disease, it falls short at being able to address the multiple dimensions of the crisis such as the economic and social impacts. The socioeconomic sectors have been hardest hit, with significant impact on tourism sectors. Sociopolitical system also plays an important role in governance and decision-making for pandemic responses. The analysis suggests that one opportunity for enhancing resilience in Thailand is to strive for more multilevel governance that engages with various stakeholders and to support grassroots and community-level networks. The COVID-19 pandemic recovery is a chance to recover better while leaving no one behind. An inclusive long-term recovery plan for the various impacted countries needs to take a holistic approach to address existing gaps and work towards a sustainable society. Furthering the Health Emergency Disaster Risk Management (HEDRM) Framework may support a coordinated response across various linked sectors rather than straining one particular sector.


2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1946-1956
Author(s):  
Aisha K. Lofters ◽  
Evgenia Gatov ◽  
Hong Lu ◽  
Nancy N. Baxter ◽  
Sara J. T. Guilcher ◽  
...  

Lung cancer is the most common cancer and cause of cancer death in Canada, with approximately 50% of cases diagnosed at stage IV. Sociodemographic inequalities in lung cancer diagnosis have been documented, but it is not known if inequalities exist with respect to immigration status. We used multiple linked health-administrative databases to create a cohort of Ontarians 40–105 years of age who were diagnosed with an incident lung cancer between 1 April 2012 and 31 March 2017. We used modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors to examine the risk of diagnosis at late vs. early stage among immigrants compared to long-term residents. The fully adjusted model included age, sex, neighborhood-area income quintile, number of Aggregated Diagnosis Group (ADG) comorbidities, cancer type, number of prior primary care visits, and continuity of care. Approximately 62% of 38,788 people with an incident lung cancer from 2012 to 2017 were diagnosed at a late stage. Immigrants to the province were no more likely to have a late-stage diagnosis than long-term residents (63.5% vs. 62.0%, relative risk (RR): 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99–1.04), adjusted relative risk (ARR): 1.02 (95% CI: 0.99–1.05)). However, in fully adjusted models, people with more comorbidities were less likely to have a late-stage diagnosis (adjusted relative risk (ARR): 0.82 (95% CI: 0.80–0.84) for those with 10+ vs. 0–5 ADGs). Compared to adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma was more likely to be diagnosed at a late stage (ARR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.27–1.31), and squamous cell (ARR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.87–0.91) and other lung cancers (ARR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91–0.94) were more likely to be diagnosed at an early stage. Men were also slightly more likely to have late-stage diagnosis in the fully adjusted model (ARR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05–1.08). Lung cancer in Ontario is a high-fatality cancer that is frequently diagnosed at a late stage. Having fewer comorbidities and being diagnosed with small cell carcinoma was associated with a late-stage diagnosis. The former group may have less health system contact, and the latter group has the lung cancer type most closely associated with smoking. As lung cancer screening programs start to be implemented across Canada, targeted outreach to men and to smokers, increasing awareness about screening, and connecting every Canadian with primary care should be system priorities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Min-Soo Seo ◽  
Byeonghyeon Lee ◽  
Kyung-Ku Kang ◽  
Soo-Eun Sung ◽  
Joo-Hee Choi ◽  
...  

DBA/2 mice are a well-known animal model for hearing loss developed due to intrinsic properties of these animals. However, results on the phenotype of hearing loss in DBA/2 mice have been mainly reported at an early stage in mice aged ≤7 weeks. Instead, the present study evaluated the hearing ability at 5, 13, and 34 weeks of age using DBA/2korl mice. Auditory brainstem response test was performed at 8–32 KHz at 5, 13, and 34 weeks of age, and hearing loss was confirmed to be induced in a time-dependent manner. In addition, histopathological evaluation at the same age confirmed the morphological damage of the cochlea. The findings presented herein are the results of the long-term observation of the phenotype of hearing loss in DBA/2 mice and can be useful in studies related to aging-dependent hearing loss.


Author(s):  
Alexis R. Stefaniak ◽  
Jessica M. Blaxton ◽  
C. S. Bergeman

The present study explores differences in daily stress across individuals of varying ages. Specifically, we explore whether age group (young adult, midlife, late midlife, later life) relates to differences in types of stress (family, friends, partner, health, finances, work), total stress exposure, and perceptions of daily stress intensity. Participants from the Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-being (NDHWB; N = 891) completed daily questionnaires assessing negative small life events and perceived stress for 8 weeks. Findings indicated that young adults reported a higher average number of family, spouse, finance, and work-related stress. Additionally, total daily stress was highest among young adults, and perceived stress was lowest among later life adults. Because daily stress relates to long-term mental and physical stress, gaining a better understanding of how individuals at different points in the life span uniquely experience stress can inform intervention and preventative care techniques aimed at promoting optimal well-being.


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