scholarly journals Биологические особенности редиса (Raphanus sativus L.) при выращивании в условиях интенсивной светокультуры

Author(s):  
A.B. Kurina ◽  
A.M. Artemyeva ◽  
N.G. Sinyavina ◽  
A.A. Kochetov ◽  
G.G. Panova

Описаны биологические особенности редиса (Raphanus sativus L.) коллекции ВИР в условиях интенсивной светокультуры. Результаты свидетельствуют о высоком разнообразии сортовой реакции редиса на выращивание в ИС. Определена амплитуда изменчивости основных морфологических, фенологических признаков и продуктивности в зависимости от сортотипа. Выделены источники хозяйственно ценных признаков для селекции.The present study describes biological features of small radish (Raphanus sativus L.) grown under the intense light culture conditions. Results, obtained using regulated system, demonstrated high variability of reaction to intense light conditions among the varieties of small radish. Amplitude of variability of the main morphological, phenological traits and productivity depending on variety type, was assessed. Samples of small radish, which can be potential sources of economic-valuable traits for future breeding (such as resistance to bolting under the intense light culture, compact rosette, high productivity and marketability) were identified.

Author(s):  
A.A. Kochetov ◽  
N.G. Sinyavina

В Агрофизическом научноисследовательском институте (ФГБНУ АФИ) при использовании оригинальной методологии ускоренной селекции получены новые высокопродуктивные формы Raphanus sativus L., предназначенные для выращивания в открытом грунте Ленинградской области (дайкон) и в условиях интенсивной светокультуры (линии редиса и гибриды F1 редиса и дайкона). Цель исследований усовершенствование разработанной авторами методологии ускоренной селекции при создании новых высокопродуктивных форм Raphanus sativus L., адаптированных к конкретным условиям выращивания. При проведении исследований изучено внутривидовое разнообразие корнеплодных культур вида Raphanus sativus L. (более 60 образцов разных экологогеографических групп и происхождения) при выращивании их в интенсивной светокультуре. Растения культивировали под лампами ДНаТ400 и ДНаЗ400 при облучении 70 80 Вт/м2 ФАР. Корнеобитаемой средой служил торф с минеральными добавками, увлажняемый ежедневно раствором 1 н Кнопа при чередовании с водой. Оценена реакция различных сортов лобы и дайкона (35 образцов) на действие длинного дня (18часовой фотопериод) и низких яровизирующих температур, провоцирующих преждевременное цветение. Выделены наиболее резистентные к этим факторам образцы, при гибридизации которых получены трансгрессивные формы дайкона с комплексной устойчивостью к раннему стеблеванию. На их основе создан высокопродуктивный сорт дайкона Петербургский, обладающий устойчивостью к действию длинного дня и пониженных температур, предназначенный для весенних посадок в открытый грунт Ленинградской области. При селекции редиса разработана и реализована стратегия получения высокопродуктивных форм, адаптированных для выращивания в интенсивной светокультуре. Выявлены сорта, способные обеспечивать урожай корнеплодов товарного качества до 3 кг/м2 за 25 суток вегетации, а также сорта редиса источники хозяйственно ценных признаков, реализуемых в этих условиях (максимальная длина/диаметр корнеплода, короткий вегетационный период, устойчивость к стеблеванию, компактная розетка листьев, неопушенный лист и др. Подобраны комбинации скрещивания, в потомстве которых получены гетерозисные и трансгрессивные гибриды, на 160 230 превышающие по массе корнеплодов родительские сорта. На их основе созданы высокопродуктивные скороспелые линии редиса для светокультуры с урожайностью 4,5 5 кг/м2 за 23 25 суток от посева. Показана перспективность работы с гибридным потомством в комбинации скрещивания редис дайкон. Получены гетерозисные гибриды F1 с массой корнеплода 100 150 г (товарная урожайность до 7 кг/м2), формирующиеся за 42 дня от посева.New highly productive forms of Raphanus sativus L. were obtained at the Agrophysical Research Institute (FSBSI ARI) agrophysical Research Institute), using the original methodology of accelerated breeding. They are intended for cultivation in the open ground of the Leningrad Region (daikon) and under conditions of intensive light culture (small radish lines and F1 hybrids of small radish and daikon). The aim of the research is to improve the methodology of accelerated selection developed by the authors for the creation of new highly productive forms of Raphanus sativus L. adapted to specific growing conditions. At first stage, the intraspecific diversity of root crops of the species Raphanus sativus L. (more than 60 cultivars of different groups and origin) was studied in intense light culture. Plants were grown under DNAT400 and DRIKZ400 lamps with irradiation intensity of 70 80 W/m2 of PAR. Root medium was the peat with mineral additives, moisturize daily with a Knop solution by alternating with water. The reactions of different varieties of the East Asian radishes (35 cultivars) on long day conditions (18hour photoperiod) and low spring temperatures were evaluated. The most resistant to these stressors cultivars were identified, and hybridization of them produced transgressive forms of daikon with complex resistance. The revealing of these forms and the subsequent stabilizing selection were performed in the open ground in the Leningrad region at sowing in the first decade of may. As a result of the research, a highly productive variety of daikon Peterburgskyi, adapted to spring sowing in the open ground of the Leningrad region, was obtained. When breeding new forms of radish for light culture, the collection of cultivars of different origin was studied and varieties were identified with a yield of commercial root crops up to 3 kg/m2 for 25 days of vegetation, as well as varieties that are sources of economically valuable traits implemented in conditions of intensive light culture (the maximum length/diameter of the root crop, early maturity, resistance to bolting, compact rosette, glabrous leaf type and etc). Combinations of crosses were selected, in the progeny of which heterotic and transgressive hybrids are obtained, that are 160 230 higher than the parent varieties by weight of root crops. On their basis, highly productive early ripening lines of radish for light culture were created with a yield of 4.5 5 kg/m2 for 23 25 days from sowing. Moreover, the prospectivity of selection work with hybrid offspring in a crossbreeding combination of small radish and daikon in light culture is shown. Heterotic F1 hybrids with a root mass of 100 150 g (yield up to 7 kg/m2) formed 42 days after sowing, were obtained.


1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihito Takahata ◽  
Hisashi Komatsu ◽  
Norihiko Kaizuma

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-624
Author(s):  
A. B. Kurina ◽  
I. A. Kosareva ◽  
A. M. Artemyeva

Radish and small radish (Raphanus sativus L.) are popular and widely cultivated root vegetables in the world, which occupy an important place in human nutrition. Edaphic stressors have a significant impact on their productivity and quality. The main factor determining the phytotoxicity of acidic soils is the increased concentration of mobile aluminum ions in the soil solution. The accumulation of aluminum in root tissues disrupts the processes of cell division, initiation and growth of the lateral roots, the supply of plants with minerals and water. The study of intraspecific variation in aluminum resistance of R. sativus is an important stage for the breeding of these crops. The purpose of this work was to study the genetic diversity of R. sativus crops including 109 accessions of small radish and radish of various ecological and geographical origin, belonging to 23 types, 14 varieties of European, Chinese and Japanese subspecies on aluminum tolerance. In the absence of a rapid assessment methodology specialized for the species studied, a method is used to assess the aluminum resistance of cereals using an eriochrome cyanine R dye, which is based on the recovery or absence of restoration of mitotic activity of the seedlings roots subjected to shock exposure to aluminum. The effect of various concentrations on the vital activity of plants was revealed: a 66-mM concentration of AlCl3 · 6Н2О had a weak toxic effect on R. sativus accessions slowing down root growth; 83 mM contributed to a large differentiation of the small radish accessions and to a lesser extent for radish; 99 mM inhibited further root growth in 13.0 % of small radish accessions and in 7.3 % of radish and had a highly damaging effect. AlCl3 · 6Н2О at a concentration of 99 mM allowed us to identify the most tolerant small radish and radish accessions that originate from countries with a wide distribution of acidic soils. In a result, it was possible to determine the intraspecific variability of small radish and radish plants in the early stages of vegetation and to identify genotypes that are contrasting in their resistance to aluminum. We recommend the AlCl3 · 6Н2О concentration of 83 mM for screening the aluminum resistance of small radish and 99 mM for radish. The modified method that we developed is proposed as a rapid diagnosis of aluminum tolerance for the screening of a wide range of R. sativus genotypes and a subsequent study of contrasting forms during a longer cultivation of plants in hydroponic culture (including elemental analysis of roots and shoots, contrasting in resistance of accessions) as well as reactions of plants in soil conditions.


1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 936-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Lichtenthaler

Abstract The influence of two biocides (bentazone, triadimefon) on the growth-response of radish seedlings (Raphanus sativus L.) was investigated with special emphasis on the development of sun or shade-type chloroplasts. 1. The fungicid e triadimefon causes strong-light growth-response and the formation of sun-type chloroplasts as seen from the changed chlorophyll a/b ratio and the carotenoid and prenyl-quinone com position. 2. The photosystem II herbicide bentazone, in turn, induces a shade-type adaption. It prevents the strong-light induced formation of sun-type chloroplasts, but has little influence on the chloroplast com position in weak light.


2019 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
N. G. Sinyavina ◽  
A. A. Kochetov ◽  
Yu. V. Homyakov ◽  
P. Yu. Kononchuk ◽  
V. E. Vertebniy ◽  
...  

Intense light culture, the most impotent part of a regulated agroecosystem, makes it possible to produce high quality plant products all year round in any region of the world in close proximity to the consumer. It is most economically viable to use light culture for growing vegetables in the Far North, where there is an acute shortage of fresh vegetables and vitamins. Our studies of the range of different vegetable crops have shown that when using artificial lighting and low-volume cultivation technologies, many plant species and varieties have low productivity, low adaptability to the relevant conditions, and therefore unprofitable for mass production. To expand the range of vegetable products intended for cultivation in the light culture, it is necessary to do a massive screening of the varieties and hybrids of various crops available in the world assortment with the aim of selecting the best and also purposeful breeding of new forms and varieties maximally adapted to the appropriate cultivation technologies. The purpose of this work was to create new forms of small radish for light culture, having the necessary complex of economically valuable characters. The use of the previously developed methodology of predicting transgressions for economically valuable plant traits allowed us to obtain new promising forms of radish with using purposeful hybridization and subsequent stabilizing selection. Their characteristics are high productivity and early maturity (ripeness to harvesting for 21-25 days from seeding), the ability to produce marketable yield of roots in a small volume of root medium, resistance to bolting at higher temperatures. A number of the obtained forms also has a compact rosette of leaves and an almost glabrous leaf of the salad type. Marketable productivity of new forms of radish in intense light culture conditions reaches 5,5 kg/m2 (for hybrids F1) and 4 kg/m2 for stable lines, which is twice or more than the productivity of the parental cultivars and one and a half times more than the best in productivity cultivars that were tasted in light culture.


Planta Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
LLR Fiorucci ◽  
GC Mantovanelli ◽  
DI Bernardi ◽  
AA Silva ◽  
RS de Oliveira Jr ◽  
...  

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