scholarly journals AN EXCEPTIONAL CUT BEAKER OF EMERALD-GREEN GLASS FROM THE CHERNYAKHOV CULTURE SETTLEMENT OF KOMAROV ON THE MIDDLE DNIESTER: GLASS COMPOSITION, RAW MATERIALS AND ORIGIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-220
Author(s):  
О. С. Румянцева ◽  
А. А. Трифонов ◽  
Д. А. Ханин ◽  
М. В. Червяковская
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Culture Area ◽  
Roman Provinces ◽  
Green Glass ◽  
Roman Limes

В статье рассмотрен неординарный состав толстостенного шлифованного кубка второй половины IV - начала V в., изготовленного из темно-зеленого стекла. Он отличается от синхронных аналогий из ареала черняховской культуры и с территории римских провинций. При этом он наиболее близок составу аналогичного по цвету стекла сосудов I в. н. э. Предположительно, при изготовлении этого кубка было вторично использовано стекло сосудов более раннего периода. Наиболее вероятным местом производства кубка представляются европейские провинции Римской империи; при этом нельзя исключить мастерские, расположенные за римским лимесом, на варварской территории. The paper reviews an unusual composition of a thick-walled facet cut beaker dating to the second half of the 4 - early 5 centuries which is made from emerald green glass. It differs from contemporary analogies coming from the Chernyakhov culture area and the Roman provinces. The closest composition has been identified for the glass of vessels of similar color dating to the 1 century AD. Presumably, the glass of earlier vessels was recycled to fabricate the discussed beaker. European provinces of the Roman Empire appear to be the most likely place where this beaker was made; yet the workshops located beyond the Roman limes in the areas inhabited by the barbarians cannot be excluded either.

scholarly journals Szarmata sebészi trepanációk a Kárpát-medencében

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Zsolt Bereczki ◽  
Tamara Madácsy ◽  
Kitty Király ◽  
Kornél Sóskuti ◽  
László Paja
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Hungarian Literature ◽  
Roman Provinces

Despite the abundance of written resources and bioarcheological remains from the era, very few trephined skulls have been unearthed so far from the territory of the Roman Empire. In the territory of today Hungary, more than 130 surgically trephined skulls have come to light, with the earliest evidence deriving from the Neolithic period. However, the Hungarian literature does not mention any unequivocal Roman finds from the province of Pannonia (today Western Hungary). Earlier publications and osteological researches of the last fifteen years, however, have already yielded 6 possible cases of trepanation from Barbaricum, the Sarmatian territory partly enclosed by Roman provinces (today Eastern Hungary). The authors wish to re-examine these 6 cases, evaluate and justify their inclusion as Sarmatian trepanations, and put forward a possible explanation of the controversy between the written resources and the osteological evidence.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-128
Author(s):  
Ersin Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Near East ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Roman Provinces ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cultural Networks ◽  
Written Sources

The Conclusion revisits the questions that lie at the heart of studies of the Roman provinces and that have driven this study. What is the best way to tell the story of a landscape, and its peoples, that have been the subject of successive conquests throughout history and when the few written sources have been composed by outsiders? What approach should be taken to draw out information from a landscape’s material culture to bring the voices and experiences of those who inhabited its space to the fore? Is it ever possible to ensure that certain evidence types and perspectives are not privileged over others to draw balanced conclusions? The main findings of this work are that the Cypriots were not passive participants in the Roman Empire. They were in fact active and dynamic in negotiating their individual and collective identities. The legacies of deep-rooted connections between mainland Greece, Egypt, Asia Minor, and the Near East were maintained into the Roman period and acknowledged by both locals and outsiders. More importantly, the identity of the island was fluid and situational, its people able to distinguish themselves but also demonstrate that the island was part of multiple cultural networks. Cyprus was not a mere imitator of the influences that passed through it, but distinct. The existence of plural and flexible identities is reflective of its status as an island poised between multiple landscapes

The Production Technology of, and Trade in, Egyptian Blue Pigment in the Roman World

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tite ◽  
Gareth Hatton
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Blue Pigment ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Egyptian Blue ◽  
Intimate Mixture ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Scanning Electron

Egyptian blue was first used as a pigment on tomb paintings in Egypt from around 2300 BC, and during the subsequent 3,000 years, its use both as a pigment and in the production of small objects spread throughout the Near East and Eastern Mediterranean and to the limits of the Roman Empire. During the Roman period, Egyptian blue was distributed in the form of balls of pigment up to about 15mm across, and appears to have been the most common blue pigment to be used on wall paintings throughout the Empire. Egyptian blue was both the first synthetic pigment, and one of the first materials from antiquity to be examined by modern scientific methods. A small pot containing the pigment that was found during the excavations at Pompeii in 1814 was examined by Sir Humphrey Davy. Subsequently, x-ray diffraction analysis was used to identify the compound as the calcium-copper tetrasilicate C<sub>a</sub>C<sub>u</sub>Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>, and to establish that Egyptian blue and the rare natural mineral cuprorivaite are the same material. Examination of Egyptian blue samples in cross-section in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that they consist of an intimate mixture of Egyptian blue crystals (i.e. C<sub>a</sub>C<sub>u</sub>Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>) and partially reacted quartz particles together with varying amounts of glass phase (Tite, Bimson, and Cowell 1984). At this stage it should be emphasized that, in the literature, the term Egyptian blue tends to be used to describe both crystals of calcium-copper tetrasilicate and the bulk polycrystalline material that is used as the pigment and is sometimes referred to as frit. In this chapter, the suffix ‘crystal’ or ‘mineral’ will be added when the former meaning applies, and the suffix ‘pigment’, ‘sample’, or ‘frit’ will be added when the latter meaning applies. For the current study, a small group of Roman Egyptian blue samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with attached analytical facilities. Using the chemical compositions of the samples, together with the description of the manufacture of Egyptian blue given by Vitruvius (Morgan 1960) at the beginning of the first century BC in his Ten Books on Architecture, an attempt is made to identify the raw materials used in the production of Roman Egyptian blue.

Creature Comforts at Vindolanda: Two Unique Wool Mats with Knotted Pile

Britannia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 323-333
Author(s):  
John Peter Wild ◽  
Penelope Walton Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Roman Provinces ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Supplementary Material

ABSTRACTFragments of two robust wool textiles with an unusual knotted blue pile were recovered from a Period I (late Flavian) fort ditch at Vindolanda. Their knotted structure — unknown hitherto in the western Roman provinces and only partially paralleled in the eastern — is discussed, together with questions about their possible production centre and actual function. The Supplementary Material available online (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X18000259) contains technical details of the textiles, an investigation of the raw materials and a comparison of the wools used.

Writing and Literacy/Illiteracy

2015 ◽  
pp. 286-316
Author(s):  
Krešimir Matijević
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Roman Provinces ◽  
Pictorial Representations

This chapter examines archaeological evidence that demonstrates literacy/illiteracy in the Roman Empire based on the ancient written documents available, including stone inscriptions. It first considers the level of education amongst the Italian population in ancient Rome, particularly in the Roman provinces, along with the level of literacy prior to Roman provincialization in Western Europe. It then turns to other documents such as books, wooden tablets, small inscriptions, and pictorial representations, and the Roman military’s ability to read and write. Finally, it discusses the level of literacy in late antiquity.

scholarly journals Frontiers of Romania: Nationalism and the Ideological Space of the Roman Limes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 63-84
Author(s):  
Emily R. Hanscam
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Danube River ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Space ◽  
Geographic Space ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Frontier Region ◽  
Ideological Space ◽  
Roman Limes

Modern Romania is a nation-state containing space which has long been considered marginal - first as part of the Roman Empire and now within the European Union. The national narrative of Romania highlights this liminality, focusing on the interactions between the Romans and the local Dacians on the northeastern border regions of the Empire. Romania still contains significant material remnants of the Iron Age, including the Roman Limes, a series of fortifications on the Danube River meant to protect the Roman borders. As such, the archaeological tradition of this geographic space is heavily entangled with Romania’s identity as a frontier region. This paper outlines the formation of Romanian national space, focusing on the period between the seventeenth century and 1918. It considers the relationship between the materiality of the Roman Limes and ideological frontiers in Romania, examining the role of archaeology in the sustainment of the Romanian nation space.

Law in the Roman Provinces

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
First Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Third ◽  
Roman Provinces ◽  
Intrinsic Component

The study of the Roman empire has changed dramatically in the last century. Emphasis is now placed on understanding the experiences of subject populations, rather than focusing solely on the Roman imperial elites. Local experiences, and interactions between periphery and centre are an intrinsic component in our picture of the empire’s function over and against the earlier, top-down model. But where does law fit in to this new, decentralized picture of empire? This volume brings together internationally renowned scholars from legal and historical backgrounds to study the operation of law in each region of the empire from the first century BCE to the end of the third century CE. Regional variation and specificity is explored alongside the emergence of common themes and activities by historical agents. When brought together, a new understanding of law in the Roman empire emerges that balances the practicalities of regional variation with the ideological construct of law and empire.

scholarly journals On the Question Legal and Cultural Interaction Between the Sasanian Iran and the Eastern Roman Empire

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Viktor Miroslavovich Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Spatial Understanding ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Roman Provinces ◽  
The Times ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of the article is to prove the presence of a deep (archaic) ideological foundation in the Roman-Persian political and legal complementarity of the times of late antiquity. Methods. The author uses the «panoramic approach», сomparative analysis of primary historical sources and the structural-functional method. Results. The author’s attention is devoted to the antique community in the legal content of imperial titles, the correlation of temporary and spatial understanding of the power of the Roman emperors and the power of the Persian Šâhanšâh’s. The main author’s thesis: 1) the provision on the Hellenization of Persia during the time of Khosrow Anushirvan; 2) the thesis on the principle of extraterritoriality of imperial power, formulated by the Romans in the era of dominatus and transfered from the Eastern Roman Empire into the Sassanian Eranshahr; 3) the author’s definition of the imperial form of government, based on the principle of «over-sovereignty» common to Iran and Byzantium. Discussion. Firstly, the spaces of Eranshahr and the Roman Empire were considered by ancient intellectuals as the «common heritage» of the Hellenistic Asian kingdom of Alexander the Great. Secondly, the roots and semantic content of the titles of the higher sovereigns of Persia and Rome (emperors) had common cultural and political origins and military-administrative premises. Thirdly, if at the initial stage of the interaction between the Persians and the Romans there was a strong influence of Persia on the everyday life of the population of the East Roman provinces, then in the 6th century the East Roman ethnocultural pattern «Christian Oecumene» became decisive in the Sassanian Mesopotamia.

Phase Analysis in the Crystallization of Cordierite

2012 ◽  
Vol 501 ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Norfadhilah ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad ◽  
Mohamad Hasmaliza
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
Crystalline Fraction ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Amorphous Content

In this study, α-Cordierite was synthesized via glass-route using kaolin, talc and dolomite as starting raw materials. All the materials were mixed using non-stoichiometric xCaO.21-xMgO-26Al2O3-53SiO2 and melted at 1540°C for 4 h followed by quenching. Various weight percentage (wt%) of CaO (0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15 wt %) from dolomite was used to study their effects on the formation of α-cordierite. Quantitative phase analysis of sintered samples was carried out using Rietveld method and the results demonstrated total weight percentage of α-cordierite as a function of various composition of CaO. The Rietveld results were normalized to 100 wt% of crystalline fraction, so the hypothetical amorphous content of samples was assumed to be negligible. Quantitative analysis showed that amount of α-cordierite decreased with increasing CaO. Forsterite phase increased with increasing amount of CaO and anorthite phase start to crystallize at 5 wt% CaO. The precipitation of anorthite may be attributing to the glass composition locating in the field of anorthite phase.

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