scholarly journals EXPERIENCE IN COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RADIOCARBON DATING RESULTS AND THE PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL STUDIES OF TWO VESSELS OF THE NETWORK POTTERY CULTURE FROM PESOCHNOYE

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-45
Author(s):  
К. В. Воронин
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Water Origin ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Clay Body

При радиоуглеродном датировании по формовочной массе и нагару с поверхности двух сосудов культуры сетчатой керамики с поселения Песочное 1 на озере Неро полученные даты оказались в среднем на ~ 500-700 лет старше радиоуглеродных дат образцов культурного слоя, в котором они были найдены. Причиной мог быть пресноводный резервуарный эффект, обусловленный присутствием сформировавшейся в воде органики. Его проявление можно расценивать как индикатор присутствия происходящего из водной среды органического материала в составе компонентов формовочной массы исследуемых сосудов. В окрестностях поселения Песочное 1 единственным природным материалом, содержащим органику водного происхождения, соотносимого с формовочной массой, является сапропель из озера Неро. Для определения сходств и различий в элементном и минеральном составе методами SEM-/EDS- и XRD-анализов были изучены образцы керамики каждого сосуда и образец сапропеля из озера. Установлено, что компонентами формовочной массы являются иллитовая глина с полевыми шпатами и кварцем в виде частиц песка, сапропель и костная мука. Возможность получения радиоуглеродных дат по формовочной массе, отсутствие в ней химических элементов, свидетельствующих о наличии нередуцированных органических веществ, присутствие иллита показывают, что обжиг сосудов был произведен в интервале примерно от 400 до 800 °С. The article is devoted to the analysis of clay paste and burnt crust adhering to the surface of two vessels attributed to the «network» pottery culture (pottery with textile imprints) from the Pesochnoye 1 settlement on Lake Nero. The radiocarbon dating of these samples shows that on average the dates obtained are older than the radiocarbon dates of the samples from the occupation layer where the vessels were found by ~ 500700 years. The age difference is probably caused by the fresh water reservoir effect related to presence of organic matter in the water and presence of organic matter from water in the composition of clay paste used to make the studied vessels. Sapropel from Lake Nero is the only natural material in the Pesochnoye 1 vicinities which contains organic matter of water origin comparable with the clay used for the vessels making. To determine similarities and differences in the elemental and mineral compositions by the SEM/EDS and the XRD analyses, ceramic samples from each vessel and a gyttja clay sample from the lake were examined. It was found that sapropel tempered with feld spar and quartz sand, sapropel and bone flour were mixed in the clay body. Radiocarbon dates that can be obtained for clay, absence of chemical elements that would demonstrate presence of unreduced organic matter, presence of illite clay imply that the firing temperature fell within ~ 400-800 °С.

scholarly journals Distribution Profile of Chemical Elements during the Last 13 Thousand Years from the Sediments of Maloye Yarovoe Lake (Western Siberia, Russia)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3001
Author(s):  
Marina Kolpakova ◽  
Olga Gaskova ◽  
Svetlana Borzenko ◽  
Sergey Krivonogov ◽  
Olga Naymushina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Organic Matter Degradation ◽  
Distribution Profile ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Kulunda Steppe ◽  
Lake Stage

The article presents the studies on understanding the chemical evolution of Maloye Yarovoe lake that is located in the semi-arid landscape of and represent the most widespread chemical type of saline lake (Cl-Na) on the territory of Kulunda steppe (south of Western Siberia). The lake has gone through several changes in its state which are well represented in its sediments: section 1 (4.52–4.97 m) represents the subbase; section 2 (3.0–4.57 m) corresponds to a “shallow lake” stage and contains two sublayers; section 3 (0–2.25 m) illustrates an increase in erosion of the shoreline and corresponds to a “deep lake” stage. The extrapolation of radiocarbon dates suggests that the most significant changes in the state of the lake occurred at about 6.5–7.1 ka BP (transition from a small lake to a large one with intensified coastal erosion) and at about 5.69 and 3.5 ka BP (increase in the organic component). The results of sequential extraction of elements correspond to chemical changes occurred in a certain time of the lake state by changing in their distribution level and fraction type along the core. The results of lake water evaporation and organic matter degradation modelling performed in Phreeqc for oxic and anoxic condition showed the following stages of chemical divides could be expected in case of further lakes desiccation: Halite—Epsomite—Bischofite/Carnalite with possibility of Nahcolite precipitation in carbonate enriched periods (summer and autumn periods of organic matter degradation). Water–rock interaction processes in combination with biogeochemical reactions affect drastically not only the migration features of elements in water and sediments, but also the type of mineral crystallization in lake sediments.

A Reassessment of the Routine Pretreatment Protocol for Radiocarbon Dating Cremated Bones

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Snoeck ◽  
Richard A Staff ◽  
Fiona Brock
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Calcined Bone

AbstractIn the late 1990s, it was demonstrated that reliable radiocarbon dates could be obtained directly from cremated bone. Many 14C laboratories have since used a protocol for pretreating cremated (calcined) bones that consists of consecutive treatments with bleach and acetic acid to remove organic matter and extraneous or diagenetic carbonate, respectively. In most instances, the bleach used is sodium hypochlorite, although in recent years the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU) has used acidified sodium chlorite instead. However, properly calcined (white) bones should not contain any organic material; hence, the bleach treatment is potentially unnecessary. This article describes studies investigating the effectiveness of bleach (and the specific bleach used) during pretreatment of calcined bone, and demonstrates that 14C dates on six cremated bone samples are statistically indistinguishable whether or not the initial bleach step is applied.

scholarly journals Hamburg University Radiocarbon Dates I

Radiocarbon ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
H W Scharpenseel ◽  
F Pietig ◽  
H Schiffmann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
Quartz Vial ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions

Radiocarbon measurements are carried out mainly on soil samples and soil organic matter fractions. Benzene samples are prepared as described earlier (Scharpenseel and Pietig, 1969; 1970). Radioactivity is measured in a single quartz vial, using a Packard Tri Carb Model 3075 as well as a Berthold Betascint BF 5000. Most equipment has been transferred from Bonn University Radiocarbon Dating Lab to Hamburg, where operation of former Bonn Radiocarbon Lab will be continued.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of Neolithic Pottery

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 795-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Zaitseva ◽  
V Skripkin ◽  
N Kovaliukh ◽  
G Possnert ◽  
P Dolukhanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Reservoir Effect ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Archaeological Pottery ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Neolithic Pottery

The direct measurement of organic matter included in archaeological pottery may yield a reliable assessment of age. The main problem consists in the identification of possible origins and assessment of distortion for the age of organic inclusions. Our experiments show that shells included in pottery fabrics are strongly influenced by the reservoir effect, which may reach 500 yr or more. Other organic inclusions, such as lake ooze, do not visibly distort the age. The obtained series of radiocarbon dates have been used for the assessing the age of the early stages of pottery manufacture in southern Russia.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon dating of organic-rich deposits: Difficulties of paleogeographical interpretations in highlands of Russian Altai

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-153
Author(s):  
R.K. Nepop ◽  
A.R. Agatova ◽  
M.A. Bronnikova ◽  
E.P. Zazovskaya ◽  
I.YU. Ovchinnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Fluvial Erosion ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
Tectonic Movements ◽  
Sedimentation History ◽  
Russian Altai

AbstractThe high mountainous southeastern part of Russian Altai is characterized by complicated sedimentation history. As a result of tectonic movements, Paleogene, Neogene, and even more old Carboniferous and Jurassic organicrich deposits had been partly uplifted and exhumed on the ridge’s slopes, where during the Pleistocene, they were affected by various exogenous processes including glaciation, glacio-fluvial erosion, winnowing activity of ice-dammed lakes, sliding during lake-draining events, followed by further intensive Holocene erosion, pedogenesis, and permafrost formation/degradation.Remobilized ancient organic matter had been involved into geomorphic and pedogenesis processes and affected the results of radiocarbon dating. Numerous radiocarbon ages obtained revealed several typical problems in interpretation of dating results, which was confirmed by multidisciplinary investigations of associated sediments in a wider regional context.This article presents a discussion on obtained apparent radiocarbon dates of organic material from ten sections of the SE Altai. In addition to radiocarbon analysis, in each case multidisciplinary study was carried out in order to properly interpret obtained dates, as well as to explain the inability of directly using apparent 14C ages as a geochronological basis for paleogeographical reconstruction. The analysis presented is of vital importance for establishing the chronology of formation of large ice-dammed lakes and their cataclysmic draining; revealing chronology and paleoenvironmental conditions of pedogenesis in the highlands of the SE Altai; and estimating the range and magnitude of the tectonically driven topography rebuilding in the post-Neogene time.

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

Calibrated Radiocarbon Dating at Keatley Creek: The Chronology of Occupation at a Complex Hunter-Gatherer Village

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Prentiss ◽  
Michael Lenert ◽  
Thomas A. Foor ◽  
Nathan B. Goodale ◽  
Trinity Schlegel
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Population Aggregation ◽  
Selective Environment

This paper provides an analysis of radiocarbon dates acquired during earlier and recent field seasons at the Keatley Creek site, southern British Columbia. Results indicate that early occupations predating 1900 cal. B.P. occurred, but were not likely associated with population aggregation and large housepits. The aggregated village appears to have emerged by approximately 1700 cal. B.P. and was abandoned at approximately 800 cal. B.P. A break in the occupational sequence is recognized at 1450-1350 cal. B.P. and one other short break may have occurred shortly after 1250 cal. B.P. Peak socioeconomic complexity appears to have been achieved between 1350 and 800 cal B.P. Climatic warming may have provided a selective environment favoring population aggregation and intensification during this time. The final abandonment of the Keatley Creek village appears to have been part of a regional phenomenon suggesting the possibility that climatic factors were important in this case as well.

scholarly journals Reaction-Path Formulation of a Simple Dissolution Model for Radiocarbon Dating Groundwater

Radiocarbon ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 646-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songlin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Reaction Path ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Carbonate Minerals ◽  
Dissolution Model ◽  
Hydrogeological Studies

Since the pioneer publication of K. O. Münnich (1957), 14C systematics have been used in many hydrogeological studies. Because of the complexity of carbon geochemistry, numerous models have been proposed to correct the dilution effect of “dead” carbon in groundwater. All the 14C correction models for dating groundwater are based on either open- or closed-system conditions. I present here a simple model that accounts for the effects of both open- and closed-system dissolution of carbonate and aluminosilicate minerals. For systems involving precipitation of carbonate minerals and redox reactions of organic matter, reaction-path simulations are essential for reliable 14C dating of groundwater.

Radiocarbon Dating of Organic Matter Fractions of a Chinese Mollisol

1988 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Becker-Heidmann ◽  
Liu Liang-wu ◽  
Hans-Wilhelm Scharpenseel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions
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