scholarly journals Features of the development of architectonics of crowns of bushes as a criterion of decorativeness in green building

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
С.М. КОСТЮКОВ ◽  
А.К. ЗЕЛЕНЯК
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Symphoricarpos Albus ◽  
Mahonia Aquifolium

Зеленому строительству как самому эффективному способу улучшения экологической ситуации в городах и населенных пунктах в малолесных регионах в последнее время уделяется большое внимание. Эта отрасль базируется на современных потребностях в зеленых насаждениях с учетом реновации ассортимента кустарников, которые перспективны для использования в засушливых условиях. Декоративные достоинства кустарников учитываются при подборе и формировании групп, куртин и живописных зеленых массивов. Важную роль имеют декоративные качества кроны и их величина и форма. Цель исследований изучение декоративных достоинств кустарников на основе изучения развития крон. Объектами исследований являлись 30 видов кустарников различного географического происхождения и возраста, произрастающие в коллекциях ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН (Волгоград, Камышин). При проведении исследований по архитектонике крон кустарников использовался метод В.С. Теодоронского и др. (2002). Длительность проявления декоративных признаков по методикам А.В. Семенютиной (2014). Результаты исследований показали, что основными лимитирующими климатическими факторами, влияющими на рост и развитие крон кустарников в сухой степи, являются частое повторение засух и низкая влагообеспеченность, экстремальные минимальные (37C) и максимальные температуры (42C). Декоративные достоинства крон кустарников наиболее полно проявляются в оптимальных условиях произрастания и определяются длительностью эстетического воздействия. Наибольший рейтинг в течение года у вечнозеленых растений: Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh.) Nutt. (сумма баллов 190) и Buxus colchica Pojark. (183). Лучшим проявлением декоративных качеств крон в онтогенезе отличаются наиболее адаптированные виды. Выявлено, что особенности кроны, структура строения поверхности куста зависят от величины листьев и их размещения на ветвях (мелкой фактурой кроны характеризуются Buxus colchica Pojark., Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake). При подборе кустарников для различных типов посадок по физиономическому принципу следует, принимается во внимание экологические свойства (светолюбивость, требования к почве, требования к влаге, дымо и газоустойчивость). Выделены восемь типов формы крон у изученных видов кустарников. Для озеленения территорий сухостепного региона представляют ценность кустарники всех классов роста, имеющие широкий ареал произрастания: древовидные (высота более 3 м), высокорослые (от 2 до 3 м), среднерослые (от 1 до 2 м), низкорослые (до 1 м). Установлено, что кроны древовидных кустарников достигают наивысшего декоративного эффекта к 810 годам. Их внешний облик мало выразителен в раннем возрасте по сравнению с низко и среднерослыми кустарниками этого возраста. Введение кустарников в озеленительные посадки урболандшафтов создает пейзажнокрасочный эффект на объектах озеленения во время цветения, плодоношения, осенней окраски. Установлено, что у 43 изученных кустарников (Crataegus, Rhodotypus, Sorbaria, Forestiera, Philadelphus, Chaenomeles и др.) в кронах преобладают желтые тона осенней окраски. У остальных преобладают красные, оранжевые и пурпурные тона. Для продления жизненного цикла кустарников в засушливых условиях рекомендуется глубокая омолаживающая обрезка (посадка на пень) в возрасте 2025 лет, а для улучшения их декоративной долговечности обрезку следует проводить в зависимости от особенностей побегообразования с учетом нормативных указаний. Recently, much attention has been paid to green construction as the most effective way to improve the ecological situation in cities and settlements in sparsely wooded regions. This industry is based on modern needs for green areas, taking into account the renovation of the range of shrubs that are promising for use in dry conditions. Decorative merits of shrubs are taken into account when selecting and forming groups, clumps and beautiful green areas. The decorative qualities of the crown have an important role both their size and shape. The purpose of the research is to study the decorative merits of shrubs on the basis of studying the development of crowns. The objects of research were 30 species of shrubs of various geographical origin and age, growing in the collections of the Federal Science Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Volgograd, Kamyshin). When conducting research on the architectonics of crown bushes, the VS method was used. Theodoronsky et al. (2002). The duration of the manifestation of decorative features according to the methods of A.V. Semenyutinoy (2014). The research results showed that the main limiting climatic factors affecting the growth and development of the crowns of shrubs in the dry steppe are frequent recurrence of droughts and low moisture provision, extreme minimum (37 C) and maximum temperatures ( 42 C). Decorative advantages of crown shrubs are most fully manifested in optimal growing conditions and are determined by the duration of aesthetic impact. The highest rating throughout the year in evergreens: Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh.) Nutt. (score of 190) and Buxus colchica Pojark. (183). The best manifestation of the decorative qualities of crowns in ontogenesis is characterized by the most adapted species. It was revealed that the features of the crown, the structure of the structure of the bushs surface depend on the size of the leaves and their placement on the branches (the fine crown texture is characterized by Buxus colchica Pojark., Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake). In the selection of shrubs for various types of planting on the physiognomic principle should be taken into account environmental properties (lightloving, soil requirements, moisture requirements, smoke and gas resistance). Eight types of crowns have been identified in the studied species of shrubs. Shrubs of all growth classes with a wide range of growth are valuable for gardening in the territories of a drysteppe region: trees (more than 3 m in height), tall (from 2 to 3 m), mediumsized (from 1 to 2 m), lowgrowing (up to 1 m). It has been established that the crowns of treelike shrubs reach the highest decorative effect by the age of 810. Their appearance is not very expressive at an early age compared with low and medium shrubs of this age. The introduction of shrubs into landscaping planting of urban landscape landscapes creates a landscapecolorful effect on landscaping sites during flowering, fruiting, and autumn coloring. It has been established that 43 of the studied shrubs (Crataegus, Rhodotypus, Sorbaria, Forestiera, Philadelphus, Chaenomeles, etc.) in the crowns are dominated by yellow tones of autumn color. The rest are dominated by red, orange and purple tones. To prolong the life cycle of shrubs in dry conditions, a deep rejuvenating pruning (planting on the stump) at the age of 2025 years is recommended, and to improve their decorative durability pruning should be carried out depending on the characteristics of formation of shoots taking into account regulatory guidelines.

scholarly journals The effect of climatic factors on production of spring wheat quantity to quality ratio in southern Finland

1990 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jari Peltonen ◽  
Tuomo Karvonen ◽  
Erkki Kivi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dry Conditions

Interrelationships between climatic factors and spring wheat yield and quality were examined with 21 years field experiments. The formation of gluten was less at dry conditions (total precipitation under 50 mm) and total precipitation exceeded 130—140 mm. The optimum daily temperature for gluten production was some 15—17°C during grain filling. The gluten content decreased if daily minimum and maximum temperatures exceeded 11—12°C and 21—22°C, respectively. The effect of temperature and rainfall were not, however, significant in early maturing varieties. The climatic factors and grain yield did not correlate. Grain yield and protein yield had strong positive relationship, which was perhaps a consequence of supply and utilization of nitrogen. It is concluded that climatic factors affecting yield to quality ration in wheat may be excessive rains before heading and high temperature during grain filling. Interaction between weather and nitrogen are discussed to optimize correct timing of nitrogen fertilization for amount and quality of economic wheat yield.

scholarly journals Climatic Factors Affecting Post-Harvest Decay of Jamaican Bananas

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
C. A. Shillingford
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Rapid Decay ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Fusarium Semitectum ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Colletotrichum Musae

Neck and crown rots of Jamaica-grown bananas (Musa sp.) are caused principally by Colletotrichum musae and Fusarium semitectum. Severity of decay and shrinkage of export fruit were positively correlated with periods of high temperature in the field, but there was no correlation with rainfall. High moisture is known to favour infection, but hot, dry conditions predisposed banana fruits to rapid decay. Control of neck and crown rots should include retardation of disease development by storage at low temperature and high humidity.

Factors Affecting Molecular Self-Assembly and Its Mechanism

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hueyling Tan
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Wide Range

Molecular self-assembly is ubiquitous in nature and has emerged as a new approach to produce new materials in chemistry, engineering, nanotechnology, polymer science and materials. Molecular self-assembly has been attracting increasing interest from the scientific community in recent years due to its importance in understanding biology and a variety of diseases at the molecular level. In the last few years, considerable advances have been made in the use ofpeptides as building blocks to produce biological materials for wide range of applications, including fabricating novel supra-molecular structures and scaffolding for tissue repair. The study ofbiological self-assembly systems represents a significant advancement in molecular engineering and is a rapidly growing scientific and engineering field that crosses the boundaries ofexisting disciplines. Many self-assembling systems are rangefrom bi- andtri-block copolymers to DNA structures as well as simple and complex proteins andpeptides. The ultimate goal is to harness molecular self-assembly such that design andcontrol ofbottom-up processes is achieved thereby enabling exploitation of structures developed at the meso- and macro-scopic scale for the purposes oflife and non-life science applications. Such aspirations can be achievedthrough understanding thefundamental principles behind the selforganisation and self-synthesis processes exhibited by biological systems.

Uphoff Norman, Priti Ramamurthy, and Roy Steiner. Managing Irrigation: Analysing and Improving the Performance of Bureaucracies. New Delhi/Newbury Park/London: Sage Publications. 1991. Hardbound. Price not given.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-228
Author(s):  
Zakir Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Performance Criterion ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Resource Mobilisation ◽  
Management Issues

The book; under review provides a valuable account of the issues and factors in managing the irrigation system, and presents a lucid and thorough discussion on the performance of the irrigation bureaucracies. It comprises two parts: the first outlines the factors affecting irrigation performance under a wide range of topics in the first five chapters. In Chapter One, the authors have attempted to assess the performance of the irrigation bureaucracies, conceptualise irrigation management issues, and build an empirical base for analysis while drawing upon the experience of ten country cases in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The Second Chapter focuses on the variations in the management structures identified and the types of irrigation systems; and it defines the variables of the management structures. The activities and objectives of irrigation management are discussed in Chapter Three. The objectives include: greater production and productivity of irrigation projects; improved water distribution; reduction in conflicts; greater resource mobilisation and a sustained system performance. The authors also highlight the performance criterion in this chapter. They identify about six contextual factors which affect the objectives and the performance of irrigation, which are discussed in detail in Chapter Four. In Chapter Five, some organisational variables, which would lead to improvements in irrigation, are examined.

Design Intervention Assessment of Urban Public Park for Physical Activity Promotion in Bangkok, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
Sigit Arifwidodo ◽  
Orana Chandrasiri
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Physical Activity Promotion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Public Park ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Design Intervention

Public Park is considered one of the essential settings for physical activity, especially in urban areas. Parks support physical activity through their accessibility, their provision to facilitate active pursuits; their capacity to provide opportunities to a wide range of users; and their semi-permanent nature. The paper explores the design intervention assessment of Benchakitti Park, which serves as the pilot project for active park and showcase during the past ISPAH 2016 conference. The objective of the paper is to understand the health and well-being benefits of an urban park in increasing PA levels of urban population and promoting a healthy and active lifestyle. Keywords: Public park; physical activity; urban landscape design; public health; SOPARC

Business Aviation in Russia: Specific Features and Prospects of Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
D. V. Slivinsky ◽  
I. A. Fomina ◽  
D. G. Menshikh
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Business Aviation ◽  
Wide Range

The presented study determines the role of business aviation in the modern economy and examines the specific features of its development in Russia.Aim. The study aims to analyze the development of business aviation in Russia and its correlation with economic development in general.Tasks. The authors determine the benefits of business aviation as a business tool, examine the specific features of the Russian business aviation market and problems of its development, and identify factors that affect the development of business aviation in Russia.Methods. This study uses the methods of comparative and retrospective analysis, cross-country comparison, systems approach, and expert analytics.Results. Business aviation is a new segment of civil aviation for Russia. Therefore, it is advisable to rely on foreign practices in the management of its development. In many countries, business aviation is a separate industry that specializes in providing transport services to a wide range of corporate clients and/or individuals. The development of this industry is associated with the economic growth rate and the development level of the national economy, and also depends on the national institutional specifics. This study describes the specific features of development of business aviation in Russia and problems arising in the organization and management of this type of business.Conclusions. The authors develop a system of factors affecting the development of business aviation in Russia, describe the major problems of this industry, and propose solutions. The results of this study can be used in the development (adjustment) of business aviation development strategies in Russia both at the industrial and corporate level, and in the implementation of the national policy in this field.

Qualitative Analysis of Underlying Factors Affecting Vaccine Hesitancy in Iran- A Study Protocol (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salime Goharinezhad
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Context Specific

BACKGROUND World Health Organization declared the vaccine hesitancy as a global public health threat in 2019. Since even a slight reduction in vaccine coverage rates can lead to a decrease in herd immunity, it is imperative to explore the underlying factors affecting vaccine hesitancy. in specific contexts, considering socioeconomic and cultural variation, to ensure interventions targeting hesitancy are well formulated and intervened. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to identify underlying factors affecting vaccine hesitancy in Iran. METHODS A framework qualitative study will be conducted in the west of Tehran province in 2020. Participants in the study will be recruited hesitance-parents who extracted from the SIB system (an electronic health record in Iran) to maximize diversity. Interviews will be analyzed based on ''Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy Matrix'' which developed by the WHO-SAGE Working Group. RESULTS deep understanding from the context-specific reasons for vaccine hesitancy cause to formulate better strategies to address them. The ultimate goal of this study is to inform future policies to increase the uptake of the vaccine in Iran. CONCLUSIONS This result of study will show variety opinions about vaccination among different types of socioeconomic and demographic households. The wide range of reasons related to vaccine hesitancy imply to more comprehensive, context-specific interventions. Today, the most important intervention issues focus on improving information about effectiveness and safety of vaccines, while other interventions for promoting vaccination is need to addressed.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Acoustic Properties of Natural-Fiber-Based Materials and Composites: A Review

Textiles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-85
Author(s):  
Tufail Hassan ◽  
Hafsa Jamshaid ◽  
Rajesh Mishra ◽  
Muhammad Qamar Khan ◽  
Michal Petru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range

Recently, very rapid growth has been observed in the innovations and use of natural-fiber-based materials and composites for acoustic applications due to their environmentally friendly nature, low cost, and good acoustic absorption capability. However, there are still challenges for researchers to improve the mechanical and acoustic properties of natural fiber composites. In contrast, synthetic fiber-based composites have good mechanical properties and can be used in a wide range of structural and automotive applications. This review aims to provide a short overview of the different factors that affect the acoustic properties of natural-fiber-based materials and composites. The various factors that influence acoustic performance are fiber type, fineness, length, orientation, density, volume fraction in the composite, thickness, level of compression, and design. The details of various factors affecting the acoustic behavior of the fiber-based composites are described. Natural-fiber-based composites exhibit relatively good sound absorption capability due to their porous structure. Surface modification by alkali treatment can enhance the sound absorption performance. These materials can be used in buildings and interiors for efficient sound insulation.

Impact of climatic conditions on the parameters of failure flow of military vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110202
Author(s):  
Nikolaj Dobrzinskij ◽  
Algimantas Fedaravicius ◽  
Kestutis Pilkauskas ◽  
Egidijus Slizys
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Military Vehicles ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Impact

Relevance of the article is based on participation of armed forces in various operations and exercises, where reliability of machinery is one of the most important factors. Transportation of soldiers as well as completion of variety of tasks is ensured by properly functioning technical equipment. Reliability of military vehicles – armoured SISU E13TP Finnish built and HMMWV M1025 USA built were selected as the object of the article. Impact of climatic conditions on reliability of the vehicles exploited in southwestern part of the Atlantic continental forest area is researched by a case study of the vehicles exploitation under conditions of the climate of Lithuania. Reliability of military vehicles depends on a number of factors such as properties of the vehicles and external conditions of their operation. Their systems and mechanisms are influenced by a number of factors that cause different failures. Climatic conditions represent one of the factors of operating load which is directly dependent on the climate zone. Therefore, assessment of the reliability is started with the analysis of climatic factors affecting operating conditions of the vehicles. Relationship between the impact of climatic factors and failure flow of the vehicles is presented and discussed.

Factors affecting red-osier dogwood seed germination

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1012-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Acharya ◽  
C. B. Chu ◽  
R. Hermesh ◽  
G. B. Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Year Effect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cornus Stolonifera ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Seeds from 55 populations of native Alberta red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera Michx.) were collected over 2 years (1984 and 1985) to determine the range of variability for seed germination and the effect of ecoregion and moisture conditions in the collection sites on this trait. Each year the unscarified seeds were stored at 3 °C for 30 days, stratified at 3 °C for an additional 30 days and then incubated on an 8 h light: 16 h dark cycle at a temperature of 25:10 °C (light:dark) for germination. A wide range of germination percentages was observed among populations collected in any 1 year. However, the variability was not due to the ecoregion or moisture condition of the collection site. Germination percentage of populations collected in 1984 and 1985 formed five and seven groups, respectively. A study involving eight sites that were common to 1984, 1985, and 1986 revealed a significant effect of population on seed germination. This population effect was not obscured by the combined effects of year, precipitation, temperature, and seed size. The year effect was significant only when population was used as a covariate. Precipitation during seed formation significantly influenced germination performance even after adjustments were made for population and year. Seed germination in red-osier dogwood appears to be influenced by the population from which the seeds are collected and by yearly environmental fluctuations. Therefore, germination studies in this species must include seeds from diverse populations collected over several years. Key words: red-osier dogwood, Cornus stolonifera Michx., germination, population, environment.

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