The effect of climatic factors on production of spring wheat quantity to quality ratio in southern Finland

Interrelationships between climatic factors and spring wheat yield and quality were examined with 21 years field experiments. The formation of gluten was less at dry conditions (total precipitation under 50 mm) and total precipitation exceeded 130—140 mm. The optimum daily temperature for gluten production was some 15—17°C during grain filling. The gluten content decreased if daily minimum and maximum temperatures exceeded 11—12°C and 21—22°C, respectively. The effect of temperature and rainfall were not, however, significant in early maturing varieties. The climatic factors and grain yield did not correlate. Grain yield and protein yield had strong positive relationship, which was perhaps a consequence of supply and utilization of nitrogen. It is concluded that climatic factors affecting yield to quality ration in wheat may be excessive rains before heading and high temperature during grain filling. Interaction between weather and nitrogen are discussed to optimize correct timing of nitrogen fertilization for amount and quality of economic wheat yield.

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Littleseed Canarygrass (Phalaris minor) and Short-spiked Canarygrass (Phalaris brachystachys) Interference in Wheat and Barley

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500094339 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 560-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Catherine G. Afentouli ◽

I. G. Eleftherohorinos

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Competitive Ability ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Time Study ◽

Stages Of Growth ◽

Removal Time ◽

Panicle Number ◽

Dry Conditions

Field experiments were established in Greece from 1990 to 1993 to study the effect of littleseed and short-spiked canarygrass density on wheat and barley yield, as well as the influence of littleseed canarygrass removal time on wheat yield. Competitive ability of both canarygrass species in wheat was similar, though littleseed canarygrass showed faster growth rate and formed more panicles than short-spiked canarygrass. Grain yield of wheat was not significantly affected by the presence of 76 plants m−2 of either canarygrass species, but it was reduced by 36 to 39% by the presence of 304 canarygrass plants m−2. None of the canarygrass species at any density had any effect on grain yield of wheat when cold and dry conditions prevailed during the early stages of growth. Grain yield of barley was not affected by any density of either canarygrass species. Growth and consequently panicle number of both canarygrass species were severely reduced by the interference of barley. The littleseed canarygrass removal time study indicated that emergence of this weed was completed by the middle of February. Grain yield of wheat grown with 150 littleseed canarygrass plants m−2 was not affected even when these plants were removed early in April. However, the presence of these canarygrass plants until harvest reduced grain yield of wheat by 23 to 28%.

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Physiological and Morphological Traits Associated With Spring Wheat Yield Under Hot, Irrigated Conditions

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9940717 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 717 ◽

Cited By ~ 194

Author(s):

MP Reynolds ◽

M Balota ◽

MIB Delgado ◽

I Amani ◽

RA Fischer

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Sowing Date ◽

The Other ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Sowing Dates

Sixteen spring wheat genotypes were grown under hot, irrigated, low latitude conditions, during the 1990-1991 and 1991-1992 winter cropping cycles in Mexico, Egypt, India and the Sudan, and in the 1990 and 1991 winter cycles in Brazil. The genotypes were chosen to represent a range of genetlc diversity within modem wheat varieties. In addition to grain yield, in Mexico a number of morphological and physiological traits were measured throughout the growing season on two sowing dates (December and February), to evaluate their correlation with yield in the other countries. The morphological traits - above-ground biomass at maturity, grains m-2, days to anthesis and days to maturity - measured on both sowing dates in Mexico showed generally significant correlations with yields measured at the other sites. Moreover, ground-cover estimates early in establishment, and at anthesis, also showed some association with performance at these sites, but only when measured on the hotter, February sowing date in Mexico. Membrane thermostability (MT), measured on field-acclimated flag leaves showed generally significant correlations with performance at all sites, and with MT measurements made on heat- acclimated seedlings of the same genotypes grown in growth chambers. Flag-leaf photosynthesis measured at booting, anthesis and during grain filling on both sowing dates, was generally significantly correlated with grain yield at all sites, as was rate of loss of leaf chlorophyll content during grain filling. Stomatal conductance was also significantly correlated with performance at all three stages. Canopy temperature depression (CTD) measured with an infrared thermometer was significantly positively correlated with performance at the international sites when measured between 1200 and 1600 hours, after full canopy establishment. The correlation of CTD with yield was not affected by the irrigation status of the crop under well-watered conditions. The possible use of these traits in selection for yield under hot conditions is discussed.

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Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as a Tool for Wheat Yield Estimation: A Case Study from Faisalabad, Pakistan

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/725326 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Syeda Refat Sultana ◽

Amjed Ali ◽

Ashfaq Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Mubeen ◽

M. Zia-Ul-Haq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Research Area ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Wheat Cultivars

For estimation of grain yield in wheat, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is considered as a potential screening tool. Field experiments were conducted to scrutinize the response of NDVI to yield behavior of different wheat cultivars and nitrogen fertilization at agronomic research area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF) during the two years 2008-09 and 2009-10. For recording the value of NDVI, Green seeker (Handheld-505) was used. Split plot design was used as experimental model in, keeping four nitrogen rates (N1= 0 kg ha−1,N2= 55 kg ha−1,N3=110 kg ha−1, andN4= 220 kg ha−1) in main plots and ten wheat cultivars (Bakkhar-2001, Chakwal-50, Chakwal-97, Faisalabad-2008, GA-2002, Inqlab-91, Lasani-2008, Miraj-2008, Sahar-2006, and Shafaq-2006) in subplots with four replications. Impact of nitrogen and difference between cultivars were forecasted through NDVI. The results suggested that nitrogen treatment N4(220 kg ha−1) and cultivar Faisalabad-2008 gave maximum NDVI value (0.85) at grain filling stage among all treatments. The correlation among NDVI at booting, grain filling, and maturity stages with grain yield was positive (R2 = 0.90;R2 = 0.90;R2 = 0.95), respectively. So, booting, grain filling, and maturity can be good depictive stages during mid and later growth stages of wheat crop under agroclimatic conditions of Faisalabad and under similar other wheat growing environments in the country.

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Evidence for improved pollen viability as the mechanism for film antitranspirant mitigation of drought damage to wheat yield

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp15356 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 137 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Minuka M. Weerasinghe ◽

Peter S. Kettlewell ◽

Ivan G. Grove ◽

Martin C. Hare

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Spray Application ◽

Grain Number ◽

Climatic Zones ◽

Boot Stage ◽

Wide Range ◽

Drought Damage

Application of film antitranspirant to wheat during late stem extension reduces drought damage to yield, but the mechanism is unknown. Field experiments under rain shelters were conducted over 3 years to test the hypothesis that film antitranspirant applied before meiosis alleviates drought-induced losses of pollen viability, grain number and yield. The film antitranspirant di-1-p-menthene was applied at third-node stage, and meiosis occurred at the early boot stage, with a range of 11–16 days after spray application in different years. Irrigated, unsprayed plots were included under the rain-shelters, and pollen viability, measured in 2 years in these plots, averaged 95.3%. Drought reduced pollen viability to 80.1% in unirrigated, unsprayed plots, but only to 88.6% in unirrigated plots treated with film antitranspirant. Grain number and yield of irrigated plots, measured in all years, were 16 529 m–2 and 9.55 t ha–1, respectively, on average. These were reduced by drought to 11 410 m–2 and 6.31 t ha–1 in unirrigated, unsprayed plots, but only to 12 878 m–2 and 6.97 t ha–1 in unirrigated plots treated with film antitranspirant. Thus compared with unirrigated, unsprayed plots, antitranspirant gave a grain yield benefit of 0.66 t ha–1. Further work is needed to validate the pollen viability mechanism in different climatic zones and with a wide range of cultivars.

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The interaction between soil pH and phosphorus for wheat yield and the impact of lime-induced changes to soil aluminium and potassium

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr16274 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 341 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Craig A. Scanlan ◽

Ross F. Brennan ◽

Mario F. D'Antuono ◽

Gavin A. Sarre

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Additive Effect ◽

Yield Response ◽

Response Curves ◽

The Impact

Interactions between soil pH and phosphorus (P) for plant growth have been widely reported; however, most studies have been based on pasture species, and the agronomic importance of this interaction for acid-tolerant wheat in soils with near-sufficient levels of fertility is unclear. We conducted field experiments with wheat at two sites with acid soils where lime treatments that had been applied in the 6 years preceding the experiments caused significant changes to soil pH, extractable aluminium (Al), soil nutrients and exchangeable cations. Soil pH(CaCl2) at 0–10cm was 4.7 without lime and 6.2 with lime at Merredin, and 4.7 without lime and 6.5 with lime at Wongan Hills. A significant lime×P interaction (P<0.05) for grain yield was observed at both sites. At Merredin, this interaction was negative, i.e. the combined effect of soil pH and P was less than their additive effect; the difference between the dose–response curves without lime and with lime was greatest at 0kgPha–1 and the curves converged at 32kgPha–1. At Wongan Hills, the interaction was positive (combined effect greater than the additive effect), and lime application reduced grain yield. The lime×P interactions observed are agronomically important because different fertiliser P levels were required to maximise grain yield. A lime-induced reduction in Al phytotoxicity was the dominant mechanism for this interaction at Merredin. The negative grain yield response to lime at Wongan Hills was attributed to a combination of marginal soil potassium (K) supply and lime-induced reduction in soil K availability.

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Influence of meteorological parameters on wheat yield under different sowing conditions

MAUSAM ◽

10.54302/mausam.v73i1.5089 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 161-172

Author(s):

ANANTA VASHISTH ◽

DEBASISH ROY ◽

AVINASH GOYAL ◽

P. KRISHNAN

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Weather Condition ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Growth Stages

Field experiments were conducted on the research farm of IARI, New Delhi during Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18. Three varieties of wheat (PBW-723, HD-2967 and HD-3086) were sown on three different dates for generating different weather condition during various phenological stages of crop. Results showed that during early crop growth stages soil moisture had higher value and soil temperature had lower value and with progress of crop growth stage, the moisture in the upper layer decreased and soil temperature increased significantly as compared to the bottom layers. During tillering and jointing stage, air temperature within canopy was more and relative humidity was less while during flowering and grain filling stage, air temperature within canopy was less and relative humidity was more in timely sown crop as compared to late and very late sown crop. Radiation use efficiency and relative leaf water content had significantly higher value while leaf water potential had lower value in timely sown crop followed by late and very late sown crop. Yield had higher value in HD-3086 followed by HD-2967 and PBW-723 in all weather conditions. Canopy air temperature difference had positive value in very late sown crop particularly during flowering and grain-filling stages. This reflects in the yield. Yield was more in timely sown crop as compared to late and very late sown crop.

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Evaluation of Spring Wheat Genotypes (Triticum Aestivum L.) for Heat Stress Tolerance Using Different Stress Tolerance Indices

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.1515/cerce-2015-0004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 49-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A.A. Khan ◽

M.R. Kabir

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Filling Rate ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Grain Filling Rate ◽

Heat Stress Tolerance ◽

Late Sowing

Abstract Twenty five spring wheat genotypes were evaluated for terminal heat stress tolerance in field environments in the Agro Ecological Zone-11 of Bangladesh, during 2009-2010 cropping season. The experiments were conducted at Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, using randomized block design with three replicates under non-stress (optimum sowing) and stress (late sowing) conditions. Seven selection indices for stress tolerance including mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were calculated based on grain yield of wheat under optimum and late sowing conditions. The results revealed significant variations due to genotypes for all characters in two sowing conditions. Principal component analysis revealed that the first PCA explained 0.64 of the variation with MP, GMP, YI and STI. Using MP, GMP, YI and STI, the genotypes G-05 and G-22 were found to be the best genotypes with relatively high yield and suitable for both optimum and late heat stressed conditions. The indices SSI, YSI and TOL could be useful parameters in discriminating the tolerant genotypes (G-12, G-13, and G-14) that might be recommended for heat stressed conditions. It is also concluded from the present studies that biomass, grain filling rate and spikes number m-2 are suitable for selecting the best genotypes under optimum and late sowing conditions because these parameters are highly correlated with MP, GMP, YI and STI. However, high ground cover with long pre heading stage and having high grain filling rate would made a genotype tolerant to late heat to attain a high grain yield in wheat.

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Environmental response of spring wheat in the south-western Australian cereal belt

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9870655 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 655 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

KG Rickert ◽

RH Sedgley ◽

WR Stern

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Critical Evaluation ◽

Grain Filling ◽

High Ratio ◽

Soil Types ◽

Environmental Response ◽

Total Water ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Dry Conditions

The performance of the spring wheat cultivar Gamenya, the leading cultivar in Western Australia since 1968, was studied to identify key aspects of its response to the environment under typically dry conditions on two contrasting soil types: a heavy clay loam and a light loamy sand overlying clay in the Merredin region.In the rain-fed treatments the total water use was similar on both soils and was of the order of 240 mm. On the heavy-textured soil at high nitrogen, the foliage canopy developed more rapidly than on the light soil, resulting in earlier soil water depletion and haying off. Water use efficiencies of about 10 kg grain ha-1 per mm of water were similar to those reported for winter rainfall areas in south-eastern Australia. This suggests a greater degree of buffering against spring drought than is indicated by the high ratio of pre-anthesis to post-anthesis water use (3-4.7:l) relative to values of 2-2.7:l in other parts of the Australian wheatbelt. Data on the partitioning of dry matter indicated that this buffering of the harsh spring conditions at Merredin may be due to a greater contribution of assimilates from pre-anthesis storage, to grain filling. In dry environments, further critical evaluation is needed of the role of stored assimilates in grain formation.Faster canopy closure on the heavy soil resulted from a higher density of shoots and possibly larger leaves. This led to the suggestion that on heavier, more fertile soils, an ideotype with restricted tillering, may be higher yielding. By the end of the season ear bearing shoot densities and total water use were the same on both soil types, thus masking earlier important differences.

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Rate and duration of grain filling in relation to flag leaf senescence and grain yield in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) exposed to different concentrations of ozone

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1111/j.1399-3054.2000.1100311.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 366-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Johanna Gelang ◽

Håkan Pleijel ◽

Ebe Sild ◽

Helena Danielsson ◽

Suhaila Younis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Senescence ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Grain Filling

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Variation in south Asian wheat germplasm for seedling drought tolerance traits

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262108994247 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 88-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Umesh R. Rosyara ◽

Amrit A. Ghimire ◽

Sushil Subedi ◽

Ram C. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Dwarfing Genes ◽

Seedling Vigour ◽

Coleoptile Length ◽

Wide Range ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Positive Correlations

Higher seedling vigour and greater coleoptile length are important for early establishment of wheat crops and subsequently higher grain yield in many dry environments. Seedling vigour includes those seed properties that determine the potential for rapid, uniform emergence and development of normal seedlings under a wide range of field conditions. Genotypes with the widely used gibberellic acid (GA)-insensitive dwarfing genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b have good partitioning and grain yield under optimal conditions, but may perform poorly under stressed conditions due to poor crop establishment. Breeding programmes are in search of GA-sensitive dwarfing genes that do not affect seedling vigour under dry conditions. This study evaluated 40 genotypes currently used in wheat breeding programmes of south Asia for seedling vigour-related traits in greenhouse and field experiments during 2006–2007 at IAAS, Rampur, Nepal. Wide variation in coleoptile length, seedling vigour, as well as sensitivity to GA was observed. Among the genotypes studied, there were positive correlations among coleoptile length, leaf width and plant height. Genotypes, SW89-5193, SW89-5422/NL251 and SW89-5422, were found to have longer coleoptile, higher seedling vigour and response to GA application. This shows a promise for their further applications in the breeding programmes.

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