Neurocognitive Profile, Mental Problems and Mental Disorders in Patients with Early Stages of HIV Infection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernando Santamaría García
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
Neurocognitive Profile

Neurocognitive profile of patients with early stages of HIV infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s505-s506
Author(s):  
P. Garcia ◽  
D. Hernandez ◽  
C. Fillizola ◽  
J.M. Santacruz ◽  
H. Santamaría García
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Aids Dementia Complex ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Metabolic Encephalopathy ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Neurocognitive Profile ◽  
Cognitive Alterations ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) may include neurological disorders of various severities such as AIDS dementia complex (ADC) also known as HIV dementia and HIV-associated dementia (HAD), HIV encephalopathy, and Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (MND). As it seems HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders are associated with a metabolic encephalopathy induced by HIV infection and fueled by immune activation of macrophages and microglia. Despite of a group, evidences have described presence of cognitive alterations in HIV patients at different stages of HIV infection so far; little is known about the neurocognitive state of patients at very early stages of HIV infection. Here, we explored the neurocognitive profile of a group of cases of HIV patients at very early stages of HIV infection. We have analyzed of three groups of subjects, thus, we have studied a group of patients with early HIV infection, a healthy control group and a group of patients with mild cognitive impairment due to neurodegenerative causes. Our results suggested that cognitive processes are sensitive to very early neuropathological changes in HIV infection. Noteworthy, our results also showed that neurocognitive profile of HIV patients differs from those cognitive alterations in patients with mild cognitive disorders associated to primary neurodegeneration. Together, our results point out that HIV infection generates neural changes even at early stages of infection. Furthermore, our results highlight the importance of a deep neurocognitive exploration at very early stages of HIV infection as this approach allow improve the accompaniment, clinical attachment and interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of psychoacoustics as a differential diagnostic criteria of schizoaffective disorder and paranoid schizophrenia at the early stages of development

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
N.V. Kostyuchenko ◽  
O.O. Filts
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Degree Of Severity

The work carried out the assessment of interconnection between the presence of musical ear and defective manifestations in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (SAD). SAD remained one of the most uncertain mental disorders. The certain variability and instability in the diagnostic interpretation of this nosology, the fuzziness of the criterion assessment greatly affected the quality of diagnosis and differential diagnosis, especially in the early stages of development of mental disorders of this spectrum (affectively-paranoid). The aim of the study was to compare the peculiarities of psychoacoustics (namely the presence/absence of musical ear) in patients with the SAD diagnosis and in patients with paranoid schizophrenia (PS), as well as the degree of severity of negative symptoms. In our research we conducted comparative evaluation of negatives symptoms in 40 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 40 patients with schizoaffective disorder by means of NSA-16 scale and PANSS negative symptoms subscale. Comparison of difference probability between indexes of research groups is done by means of chi-squared and Mann-Whitney tests. In the group of patients with schizoaffective disorder, most persons had musical ear, the rates of negative symptoms were significantly lower than in patients with paranoid schizophrenia, who did not have developed musical ear. Thus, the average assessment of negative symptoms according to the scale of NSA-16 in the group of patients with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia was 4.89±0,10, which by 2.6 (р<0,01) higher than in the group of patients diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder – 1,84±0,10. In both groups, the highest average rates of negative symptoms were inherent to the symptoms “Sexual attraction” and “Limited purposefulness”. The average assessment of the key points of evaluation in the group of patients with PS, by 2,77 (р<0,01) higher than in the group of patients with SAD — 4,74±0,11 against 1,71±0,08, according to the analysis of the subscale of negative symptoms of the PANSS. The violation of spontaneity and fluidity of speech occupied one of the leading places among all the negative symptoms of this scale in both groups of patients. So, the dependence between the factor of presence or absence of musical ear and the degree of severity of negative symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder was established, which allowed to confirm the expediency of evaluating musical abilities in such patients for the expansion of prognostic and diagnostic possibilities in psychiatric practice.

scholarly journals MENTAL DISORDERS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE COMMITMENT TO OBSERVATION IN THE INFECTIONIST IN HIVINFECTED PATIENTS WITH EARLY SYPHILIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Chumakov ◽  
N. N. Petrova ◽  
V. V. Rassokhin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Early Syphilis ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

HIV and syphilis have similar epidemiological characteristics which causes a high level of combined infection. Both STDs affect the central nervous system early after infection. Mental disorders occur with a high incidence in HIV-infected patients and patients with syphilis, but data on the effect of combined HIV and syphilis infection on mental disorders are found only in single articles. Objectives. The goal is to study mental disorders and their effect on the commitment to observation in the infectionist in HIV-infected patients with early syphilis. Materials and methods. A comparative study of 148 patients (65 HIV-infected patients with syphilis, 50 patients with syphilis monoinfection, 33 HIV-infected patients, seronegative for syphilis) was carried out. We used clinical, psychopathological, follow-up, psychometric, laboratory and statistical methods of investigation. Results. It was found that mental disorders occur in the majority (83%) of HIV-infected patients with syphilis with the predominance of affective (54%) and addictive (48%) disorders. In HIV-infected patients with early neurosyphilis, psychogenic reactions developed statistically significantly more often than in HIV-infected patients with early syphilis. In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of addictive, affective, personality disorders and mental disorders due to organic brain damage in patients with early neurosyphilis and early syphilis in the case of co-infection with HIV infection. Mental disorders due to organic brain damage had a mixed genesis (including infectious) in all cases and were associated and caused by the already existing HIV infection. HIV-infected patients with syphilis, in general, were characterized by the low commitment to observation in the infectionist which were influenced by the following factors: social maladjustment, drug abuse and criminal activity. Discussion. The frequency of detected mental disorders in the examined HIV-infected patients with syphilis (83,1%) corresponded to the literature on the incidence of mental illness in HIVinfected patients inSt. Petersburg(85,6%), but was higher than the prevalence of mental disorders in patients with syphilis (68%). Given the established influence of neurosyphilis mono-infection on the development of mental disorders due to organic brain damage, it can be concluded that the disease with early neurosyphilis is important in the development of mental disorders of organic genesis. But the weight of this factor is insufficient in case of co-infection with HIV and early neurosyphilis and can only have additional significance in the development of mental disorders and the key factor is HIV-infection action. Mental disorders (addictive disorders and cognitive impairment) adversely affect the commitment to observation in the infectionist of HIV-infected patients with syphilis, therefore timely correction of mental disorders may be one of the factors improving compliance of patients. Conclusions. The study found a minor role of early neurosyphilis (as opposed to HIV infection) on the formation of mental disorders in the case of a combination of these infections. At the same time, it was found that addictive and cognitive symptomatic complexes have a negative impact on the probability of reference to an infectious disease specialist for initiating therapy in HIV-infected patients with syphilis.

scholarly journals CCR5/CXCR4 Dual Antagonism for the Improvement of HIV Infection Therapy

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedora Grande ◽  
Maria Occhiuzzi ◽  
Bruno Rizzuti ◽  
Giuseppina Ioele ◽  
Michele De Luca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Membrane Receptor ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Hiv Entry

HIV entry in the host cell requires the interaction with the CD4 membrane receptor, and depends on the activation of one or both co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. Former selective co-receptor antagonists, acting at early stages of infection, are able to impair the receptor functions, preventing the viral spread toward AIDS. Due to the capability of HIV to develop resistance by switching from CCR5 to CXCR4, dual co-receptor antagonists could represent the next generation of AIDS prophylaxis drugs. We herein present a survey on relevant results published in the last few years on compounds acting simultaneously on both co-receptors, potentially useful as preventing agents or in combination with classical anti-retroviral drugs based therapy.

scholarly journals The association of household food insecurity and HIV infection with common mental disorders among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in Botswana

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Mbatshi Dima ◽  
Ari Ho-Foster ◽  
Keneilwe Molebatsi ◽  
Chawangwa Modongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Abstract Objective: To determine the association between food insecurity and HIV infection with depression and anxiety among new tuberculosis (TB) patients. Design: Our cross-sectional study assessed depression, anxiety and food insecurity with Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale (ZUNG) and Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, respectively. Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to examine correlates of depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) and anxiety (ZUNG ≥ 36). Setting: Gaborone, Botswana. Participants: Patients who were newly diagnosed with TB. Results: Between January and December 2019, we enrolled 180 TB patients from primary health clinics in Botswana. Overall, 99 (55·0 %) were HIV positive, 47 (26·1 %), 85 (47·2 %) and 69 (38·5 %) indicated depression, anxiety and moderate to severe food insecurity, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, food insecurity was associated with a higher prevalence of depression (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 2·30; 95 % CI 1·40, 3·78) and anxiety (aPR = 1·41; 95 % CI 1·05, 1·91). Prevalence of depression and anxiety was similar between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants. Estimates remained comparable when restricted to HIV-infected participants. Conclusions: Mental disorders may be affected by food insecurity among new TB patients, regardless of HIV status.

scholarly journals Why the Treatment of Mental Disorders Is an Important Component of HIV Prevention among People Who Inject Drugs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Buckingham ◽  
Ezra Schrage ◽  
Francine Cournos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive

People who inject drugs are more likely to be HIV positive and to have a mental disorder than the general population. We explore how the detection and treatment of mental illness among people who are injecting drugs are essential to primary and secondary prevention of HIV infection in this population. Aside from opioid addiction, few studies have been conducted on the links between mental disorders and injection-drug use. However, independent of the injection-drug use literature, a growing number of studies demonstrate that untreated mental illness, especially depression and alcohol/substance use disorders, is associated with HIV-related risk behaviors, acquiring HIV infection, failure to access HIV care and treatment, failure to adhere to HIV care and treatment, and increased morbidity and mortality from HIV-related diseases and comorbidities. In our review of both the published literature and gray literature we found a dearth of information on models for providing care for both opioid addiction and other mental illnesses regardless of HIV status, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We therefore make recommendations on how to address the mental health needs of HIV-positive people who inject drugs, which include the provision of opioid substitution therapy and integrated mental health, substance abuse, and HIV services.

scholarly journals Clinical and immunological characteristic of natural course at the early stages of HIV infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-526
Author(s):  
E. R. Manapova ◽  
V. Kh. Fazylov ◽  
A. T. Beshimov
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Duration Of Infection ◽  
Stage Infection ◽  
Pronounced Inhibition

An early-stage infection induces the most powerful reactions of immune system. 137 clinical histories of patients with HIV infection, and HCV/HIV-infected at the early stages of HIV infection were subjected to analysis. Patients and methods: a group of 45 patients at early terms of HIV infection included 25 cases of HCV/HIV-infected patients (first group), and 20 cases with HIV mono-infection (second group). Duration of infection was less than 1 year (with positive ELISA test), with mean terms of HIV immunoblot positivity of 5.5±0.6 months. For comparative analysis, the natural course group was examined, i.e., 43 patients with combined HCV/HIV infection (third group), and 49, with HIV monoinfection (fourth group) with a duration of HIV infection for 4.4±0.21 years. The group of healthy controls included 52 persons. We aimed to perform a comparative evaluation of clinical course and immunological features from the early stages of infection in the patients with combined HCV/HIV and HIV infection. Results: at early stages of infection, clinical pattern in HCV/HIV-infected patients was dominated by purulent-inflammatory, fungal infections and secondary diseases, along with more pronounced inhibition of cellular immunity and increased viral load of RNA HIV, as compared to data on HIV-infected patients.

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