1541 - Microbial sink of an abundant halogenated compound in soil and at the soil-plant-atmosphere interphase -Microbes as sinks of atmospheric chloromethane

Halogenated compound such as 2,2-dichloropropionic acid is known for its toxicity and polluted many areas especially with agricultural activities. This study focused on the isolation and characterization of the bacterium that can utilise 2,2-dichloropropionic acid from palm oil plantation in Lenga, Johor and in silico analysis of putative dehalogenase obtained from NCBI database of the same genus and species. The bacterium was isolated using an enrichment culture media supplemented with 20 mM 2,2-dicholoropropionic acid as a carbon source.Â The cells were grown at 30ËšC with cells doubling time of 2.00Â±0.005 hours with the maximum growth at A680nm of 1.047 overnight. The partial biochemical tests and morphological examination concluded that the bacterium belongs to the genus Staphylococcus sp.. This is the first reported studies of Â Staphylococcus sp. with the ability to grow on 2,2-dichloropropionic acid. The genomic DNA from NCBI database of the same species was analysed assuming the same genus and has identical genomic sequence.Â The full genome of Staphylococcus sp. was screened for dehalogenase gene and Â haloacid dehalogenase gene was detected in the mobile genetic element of the species revealed that the dehalogenase sequence has little identities to the previously reported dehalogenases.The main outcome of the studies suggesting an in situ bioremediation can be regarded as a natural process to detoxify the contaminated sites provided that the microorganisms contained a specialised gene sequence within its genome that served the nature for many long years. Whether microorganisms will be successful in destroying man-made contaminants entirely rely on what types of organisms play a role in in situ bioremediation and which contaminants are most susceptible to bioremediation.Â

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Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Bacterium from the Marine Environment for Trichloroacetic Acid Bioremediation

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10134593 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 4593 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mahshid Heidarrezaei ◽

Hoofar Shokravi ◽

Fahrul Huyop ◽

Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽

Michal Petrů

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

Trichloroacetic Acid ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Morphological Observation ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Industrial Chemicals ◽

Halogenated Compounds ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Halogenated Compound

Halogenated compounds are an important class of environmental pollutants that are widely used in industrial chemicals such as solvents, herbicides, and pesticides. Many studies have been carried out to explore the biodegradation of these chemicals. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is one of the main halogenated compounds that are carcinogenic to humans and animals. The bacterium was isolated from the northern coastline of Johor Strait. In this study, the ability of strain MH2 to biodegrade TCA was evaluated by a growth experiment and dehalogenase enzyme assay. The growth profile of the isolated strain was examined. The doubling time for L. boronitolerans MH2 was found to be 32 h. The release of chloride ion in the degradation process was measured at 0.33 × 10−3 ± 0.03 mol∙L−1 after 96 h when the growth curve had reached its maximum within the late bacterial exponential phase. The results showed that the strain had a promising ability to degrade TCA by producing dehalogenase enzyme when cell-free extracts were prepared from growth on TCA as the sole carbon source with enzyme-specific activity, 1.1 ± 0.05 µmolCl−min−1∙mg−1 protein. Furthermore, the morphological, and biochemical aspects of the isolated bacterium were studied to identify and characterize the strain. The morphological observation of the isolated bacterium was seen to be a rod-shaped, Gram-positive, motile, heterotrophic, and spore-forming bacterium. The amplification of the 16S rRNA and gene analysis results indicated that the isolated bacterium had 98% similarity to Lysinibacillus boronitolerans. The morphological and biochemical tests supported the 16S rRNA gene amplification. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of this genus of bacteria to degrade this type of halogenated compound.

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Reactions with halogenated compound: Synthesis of several new pyrazolo[3,2-c] triazine and 2-benzenesulfonylglyoxal arylhydrazone derivatives

Archives of Pharmacal Research ◽

10.1007/bf02973978 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 14-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Abdou O. Abdelhamid ◽

Fawzy A. Attaby ◽

Fathy A. Khalifa ◽

Sami S. Ghabrial

Keyword(s):

Halogenated Compound ◽

Compound Synthesis

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Acclimation of nitrifying biomass and its effect on 2-chlorophenol removal

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2014.508 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 277-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. E. Pérez-Alfaro ◽

G. González-Blanco ◽

E. Sierra-Palacios ◽

J. Marcial-Quino ◽

R. Beristain-Cardoso

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽

The Other ◽

Kinetic Behavior ◽

Metabolic Capacity ◽

Batch Cultures ◽

Ammonium Removal ◽

Halogenated Compound ◽

Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Consumption Efficiency

The metabolic and kinetic behavior of a nitrifying sludge exposed to 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) was evaluated in batch cultures. Two kinds of nitrifying culture were used; one acclimated to 4-methylphenol (4-mp), and the other unacclimated to 4-mp. The unacclimated culture was affected adversely by the 2-CP's presence, since neither nitrification nor 2-CP oxidation was observed. Nonetheless, the acclimated culture showed metabolic capacity to nitrify and mineralize 2-CP. Ammonium removal was 100%, with a nitrifying yield of 0.92 ± 0.04 mg NO3−-N/mg NH4+-N consumed. The consumption efficiency for 2-CP was 100% and the halogenated compound was mineralized to CO2. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) patterns showed the shift in microbial community structure, indicating that microbial diversity was due to the acclimation process. This is the first evidence where nitrifying culture acclimated to 4-mp completely removed ammonium and 2-CP.

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Top-down Support of Swiss non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reporting to UNFCCC

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-17176 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Stephan Henne ◽

Martin K. Vollmer ◽

Martin Steinbacher ◽

Markus Leuenberger ◽

Frank Meinhardt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Radiative Forcing ◽

Dispersion Model ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Particle Dispersion ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Ratio Method ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Halogenated Compound

Globally, emissions of long-lived non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHG; methane, nitrous oxide and halogenated compounds) account for approximately 30 % of the radiative forcing of all anthropogenic GHG emissions. In industrialised countries, &#8216;bottom-up&#8217; estimates come with relatively large uncertainties for anthropogenic non-CO2 GHGs when compared with those of anthropogenic CO2. 'Top-down' methods on the country scale offer an independent support tool to reduce these uncertainties and detect biases in emissions reported to the UNFCCC. Based on atmospheric concentration observations these tools are also able to detect the effectiveness of emission mitigation measures on the long term.Since 2012 the Swiss national inventory reporting (NIR) contains an appendix on 'top-down' studies for selected halogenated compound. Subsequently, this appendix was extended to include methane and nitrous oxide. Here, we present these updated (2020 submission) regional-scale (~300 x 200 km2) atmospheric inversion studies for non-CO2 GHG emission estimates in Switzerland, making use of observations on the Swiss Plateau (Berom&#252;nster tall tower) as well as the neighbouring mountain-top sites Jungfraujoch and Schauinsland.We report spatially and temporally resolved Swiss emissions for CH4 (2013-2019), N2O (2017-2019) and total Swiss emissions for hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and SF6 (2009-2019) based on a Bayesian inversion system and a tracer ratio method, respectively. Both approaches make use of transport simulations applying the high-resolution (7 x 7 km2) Lagrangian particle dispersion model (FLEXPART-COSMO). We compare these 'top-down' estimates to the 'bottom-up' results reported by Switzerland to the UNFCCC. Although we find good agreement between the two estimates for some species (CH4, N2O), emissions of other compounds (e.g., considerably lower 'top-down' estimates for HFC-134a) show larger discrepancies. Potential reasons for the disagreements are discussed. Currently, our 'top-down' information is only used for comparative purposes and does not feed back into the 'bottom-up' inventory.

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Enumeration of Organohalide Respirers in Municipal Wastewater Anaerobic Digesters

Microbiology Insights ◽

10.4137/mbi.s31445 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8s2 ◽

pp. MBI.S31445 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bryan J.K. Smith ◽

Melissa A. Boothe ◽

Brice A. Fiddler ◽

Tania M. Lozano ◽

Russel K. Rahi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

16S Rrna Genes ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽

Anaerobic Digesters ◽

Dehalococcoides Mccartyi ◽

Halogenated Compound ◽

Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

Organohalide contaminants such as triclosan and triclocarban have been well documented in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), but the degradation of these contaminants is not well understood. One possible removal mechanism is organohalide respiration by which bacteria reduce the halogenated compound. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance of organohalide-respiring bacteria in eight WWTP anaerobic digesters. The obligate organohalide respiring Dehalococcoides mccartyi was the most abundant and averaged 3.3 × 107 copies of 16S rRNA genes per gram, while the Dehalobacter was much lower at 2.6 × 104 copies of 16S rRNA genes per gram. The genus Sulfurospirillum spp. was also detected at 1.0 × 107 copies of 16S rRNA genes per gram. No other known or putatively organohalide-respiring strains in the Dehalococcoidaceae family were found to be present nor were the genera Desulfitobacterium or Desulfomonile.

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Dynamic Role of the Correlation Effect Revealed in the Exceptionally Slow Autodetachment Rates of the Vibrational Feshbach Resonances in the Dipole-Bound State

10.33774/chemrxiv-2021-jb3dm ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Do Hyung Kang ◽

Jinwoo Kim ◽

Sang Kyu Kim

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Bound States ◽

Valence Electron ◽

Dynamic Range ◽

Golden Rule ◽

Bound State ◽

Correlation Effect ◽

The State ◽

Feshbach Resonances ◽

Halogenated Compound

Real-time autodetachment dynamics of the loosely-bound excess electron from the vibrational Feshbach resonances of the dipole-bound states (DBS) of 4-bromophonoxide (4-BrPhO-) and 4-chlorophenoxide (4-ClPhO-) anions have been thoroughly investigated. The state-specific autodetachment rate measurements obtained by the picosecond time-resolved pump-probe method on the cryogenically cooled anions, exhibit the exceptionally long lifetime (τ) of ~ 2.5  0.6 ns (as the upper bound) for the 11’1 vibrational mode of the 4-BrPhO- DBS. Strong mode-dependency in the wide dynamic range has also been found, giving τ ~ 5.3 ps for the 10’1 mode, for instance. Though it is nontrivial to get the state-specific rates for the 4-ClPhO- DBS, the average autodetachment lifetime of the 19’120’1/11’1 mode has been estimated to be ~ 548  108 ps. Observation of these exceptionally slow autodetachment rates of vibrational Feshbach resonances strongly indicates that the ‘correlation effect’ may play a significant role in the DBS photodetachment dynamics. The Fermi’s golden rule has been invoked so that the correlation effect is taken into account in the form of the interaction between the charge and the induced dipole where the latter is given by the polarizable counterparts of the electron-rich halogenated compound and the diffuse non-valence electron. This report suggests that one may measure, from the real-time autodetachment dynamics, the extent of the correlation effect contribution to the stabilization and/or dynamics of the excess non-valence electron among many different types of the long-range interactions of the DBS.

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Production of the antimicrobial compound tetrabromopyrrole and the Pseudomonas quinolone system precursor, 2-heptyl-4-quinolone, by a novel marine species Pseudoalteromonas galatheae sp. nov.

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78439-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sara Skøtt Paulsen ◽

Thomas Isbrandt ◽

Markus Kirkegaard ◽

Yannick Buijs ◽

Mikael Lenz Strube ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Clusters ◽

Marine Species ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Halogenated Compound ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome ◽

Rapid Spread ◽

Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽

Type Strains

AbstractNovel antimicrobials are urgently needed due to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In a genome-wide analysis of Pseudoalteromonas strains, one strain (S4498) was noticed due to its potent antibiotic activity. It did not produce the yellow antimicrobial pigment bromoalterochromide, which was produced by several related type strains with which it shared less than 95% average nucleotide identity. Also, it produced a sweet-smelling volatile not observed from other strains. Mining the genome of strain S4498 using the secondary metabolite prediction tool antiSMASH led to eight biosynthetic gene clusters with no homology to known compounds, and synteny analyses revealed that the yellow pigment bromoalterochromide was likely lost during evolution. Metabolome profiling of strain S4498 using HPLC-HRMS analyses revealed marked differences to the type strains. In particular, a series of quinolones known as pseudanes were identified and verified by NMR. The characteristic odor of the strain was linked to the pseudanes. The highly halogenated compound tetrabromopyrrole was detected as the major antibacterial component by bioassay-guided fractionation. Taken together, the polyphasic analysis demonstrates that strain S4498 belongs to a novel species within the genus Pseudoalteromonas, and we propose the name Pseudoalteromonas galatheae sp. nov. (type strain S4498T = NCIMB 15250T = LMG 31599T).

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