scholarly journals The personality of the Palestinian prisoner according to the theory of the five major factors and their relationship to some variables: شخصية الأسير الفلسطيني وفق نظرية العوامل الخمسة الكبرى وعلاقتها ببعض المتغيرات

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaima Sobhi Abu Shaban , Ibtisam Rashid Al-Yazji
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Positive Adjustment ◽  
Arabic Translation ◽  
Variable Duration ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Major Factors

  The research aims to uncover the distinguishing factors of the Palestinian prisoner's personality according to the theory of the five major factors. The research was based on a sample of 60 prisoners who were liberated in the free deal. The research was based on descriptive approach., Edited by: Costa and Macri: Arabic Translation Badr Al-Ansari 1997, in order to reveal the most prominent factors in the personality of the prisoner liberated and the effect of variable (duration of detention- and the age) on those factors. The results of the research were as follows: The factor of the good was ranked first with a high relative weight followed by wakefulness of the conscience and then the neurotic and then Alastasatip and then Safwa where the Safwa in the last mattress and the least relative weight in the statistical analysis, There are no statistically significant differences in the response of the sample of the Palestinian prisoners on the effect of the age of the prisoner on the five major factors of the personality, There were no statistically significant differences in the response of the sample of the Palestinian prisoners on the effect of the detention period on the five major factors of the personality, In light of these results, the researchers recommended that: Conducting numerous studies on Palestinian prisoners that serve their cause. , and not to ignore the needs of prisoners material and moral and the need for follow-up by specialists in the matter, Holding several training programs that serve the prisoners and help them in positive adjustment with the community.

scholarly journals Variability of Prognostic Results Based on Biological Parameters in Sickle Cell Disease Cohort Studies in Children: What Should Clinicians Know?

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Julie Sommet ◽  
Enora Le Roux ◽  
Bérengère Koehl ◽  
Zinedine Haouari ◽  
Damir Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Statistical Analysis Method

Background: Many pediatric studies describe the association between biological parameters (BP) and severity of sickle cell disease (SCD) using different methods to collect or to analyze BP. This article assesses the methods used for collection and subsequent statistical analysis of BP, and how these impact prognostic results in SCD children cohort studies. Methods: Firstly, we identified the collection and statistical methods used in published SCD cohort studies. Secondly, these methods were applied to our cohort of 375 SCD children, to evaluate the association of BP with cerebral vasculopathy (CV). Results: In 16 cohort studies, BP were collected either once or several times during follow-up. The identified methods in the statistical analysis were: (1) one baseline value per patient (2) last known value; (3) mean of all values; (4) modelling of all values in a two-stage approach. Applying these four different statistical methods to our cohort, the results and interpretation of the association between BP and CV were different depending on the method used. Conclusion: The BP prognostic value depends on the chosen statistical analysis method. Appropriate statistical analyses of prognostic factors in cohort studies should be considered and should enable valuable and reproducible conclusions.

scholarly journals I’m No Superman: fostering physician resilience through guided group discussion of Scrubs

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Holtzclaw ◽  
Jack Ellis ◽  
Christopher Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Internal Medicine Residency ◽  
Resiliency Training ◽  
High Satisfaction ◽  
Burn Out

Abstract Background Almost half of trainees experience burnout during their career. Despite the Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) recommendation that training programs enact well-being curricula, there is no proven method of addressing this difficult topic. Methods We created a curriculum addressing physician resiliency and well-being, designed for an Internal Medicine Residency Program. This curriculum utilized episodes from a medical television series, Scrubs, to facilitate a monthly, 1-h faculty guided discussion group. We collected informal feedback and abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventories (aMBI) monthly and conducted a formal focus group after 6 months to gauge its effectiveness. Results The curriculum was successfully conducted for 12 months with each session averaging 18–20 residents. Residents reported high satisfaction, stating it was more enjoyable and helpful than traditional resiliency training. 19 of 24 residents (79 %) completed a baseline aMBI, and 17 of 20 residents (85 %) who attended the most recent session completed the 6-month follow-up, showing a non-significant 1-point improvement in all subsets of the aMBI. Conclusions This novel, low-cost, easily implemented curriculum addressed resiliency and burn-out in an Internal Medicine Residency. It was extremely well received and can easily be expanded to other training programs or to providers outside of training.

Comparative Analysis of Patients with Robotic Hiatal Hernia Repairs with and without Collis Gastroplasty

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482198905
Author(s):  
John A. Perrone ◽  
Stephanie Yee ◽  
Manrique Guerrero ◽  
Antai Wang ◽  
Brian Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Hiatal Hernia ◽  
Collis Gastroplasty ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Quality

Introduction After extensive mediastinal dissection fails to achieve adequate intra-abdominal esophageal length, a Collis gastroplasty(CG) is recommended to decrease axial tension and reduce hiatal hernia recurrence. However, concerns exist about staple line leak, and long-term symptoms of heartburn and dysphagia due to the acid-producing neoesophagus which lacks peristaltic activity. This study aimed to assess long-term satisfaction and GERD-related quality of life after robotic fundoplication with CG (wedge fundectomy technique) and to compare outcomes to patients who underwent fundoplication without CG. Outcomes studied included patient satisfaction, resumption of proton pump inhibitors (PPI), length of surgery (LOS), hospital stay, and reintervention. Methods This was a single-center retrospective analysis of patients from January 2017 through December 2018 undergoing elective robotic hiatal hernia repair and fundoplication. 61 patients were contacted for follow-up, of which 20 responded. Of those 20 patients, 7 had a CG performed during surgery while 13 did not. There was no significant difference in size and type of hiatal hernias in the 2 groups. These patients agreed to give their feedback via a GERD health-related quality of life (GERD HRQL) questionnaire. Their medical records were reviewed for LOS, length of hospital stay (LOH), and reintervention needed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v 25. Satisfaction and need for PPIs were compared between the treatment and control groups using the chi-square test of independence. Results Statistical analysis showed that satisfaction with outcome and PPI resumption was not significantly different between both groups ( P > .05). There was a significant difference in the average ranks between the 2 groups for the question on postoperative dysphagia on the follow-up GERD HRQL questionnaire, with the group with CG reporting no dysphagia. There were no significant differences in the average ranks between the 2 groups for the remaining 15 questions ( P > .05). The median LOS was longer in patients who had a CG compared to patients who did not (250 vs. 148 min) ( P = .01). The LOH stay was not significantly different ( P > .05) with a median length of stay of 2 days observed in both groups. There were no leaks in the Collis group and no reoperations, conversions, or blood transfusions needed in either group. Conclusion Collis gastroplasty is a safe option to utilize for short esophagus noted despite extensive mediastinal mobilization and does not adversely affect the LOH stay, need for reoperation, or patient long-term satisfaction.

scholarly journals Promoting recovery in daily life: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Reis ◽  
Alexander Hart ◽  
Dirk Lehr ◽  
Malte Friese
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Online Training ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Work Related Stress ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background Work-related stress shows steadily increasing prevalence rates and has tangible consequences for individual workers, their organizations, and society as a whole. One mechanism that may help offset the negative outcomes of work-related stress on employees’ well-being is recovery. Recovery refers to the experience of unwinding from one's job when not at work. However, employees who experience high levels of work-related stress and are thus particularly in need of recovery tend to struggle to switch-off. Due to the detrimental effects of this prolonged and sustained mental representation of job stressors, interventions promoting recovery may contribute to improvements in employees' mental health. Methods In this randomized, waitlist controlled trial, we will investigate the effectiveness of two 6-week online training programs (cognitive behavioral and mindfulness-based). The sample will include employees working at least part-time during regular work hours. Besides the pre-post-follow-up assessments, the trial will include measurement bursts with the goal of examining the underlying mechanisms. We expect that both interventions will reduce work-related perseverative thinking (PT) compared with the waitlist control groups (primary outcome). Also, we expect that both interventions will result in similar improvements, but the underlying mechanisms will differ (process outcomes). In the cognitive-behavioral intervention group, we expect that the main mechanism responsible for lower PT levels will be an increase in recovery experiences across time. In the mindfulness-based group, we expect that the main mechanism responsible for lower PT levels will be an increase in facets of mindfulness across time. Discussion In the present study, we will investigate mechanisms underlying assumed changes in work-related PT in great detail. Besides evaluating the overall effectiveness of the two interventions in terms of pre-post-follow-up changes, we will look at the underlying processes at different levels—that is, within days, within weeks, across weeks, and between individuals. Accordingly, our study will offer a fine-grained approach to investigating potential determinants, mediators, and moderators of the processes that may, in the end, be responsible for work-related strain. From a public health perspective, if effective, the online training programs may offer valuable, low-threshold, and low-intensity interventions for a broad range of occupations. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Registration: DRKS00024933. Registered prospectively 7 April 2021. https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00024933

scholarly journals Examining the effectiveness of telemonitoring with routinely acquired blood pressure data in primary care: challenges in the statistical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Parker ◽  
Paul Padfield ◽  
Janet Hanley ◽  
Hilary Pinnock ◽  
John Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Random Coefficient ◽  
White Coat ◽  
White Coat Effect ◽  
Regression Adjustment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Scale-up BP was a quasi-experimental implementation study, following a successful randomised controlled trial of the roll-out of telemonitoring in primary care across Lothian, Scotland. Our primary objective was to assess the effect of telemonitoring on blood pressure (BP) control using routinely collected data. Telemonitored systolic and diastolic BP were compared with surgery BP measurements from patients not using telemonitoring (comparator patients). The statistical analysis and interpretation of findings was challenging due to the broad range of biases potentially influencing the results, including differences in the frequency of readings, ‘white coat effect’, end digit preference, and missing data. Methods Four different statistical methods were employed in order to minimise the impact of these biases on the comparison between telemonitoring and comparator groups. These methods were “standardisation with stratification”, “standardisation with matching”, “regression adjustment for propensity score” and “random coefficient modelling”. The first three methods standardised the groups so that all participants provided exactly two measurements at baseline and 6–12 months follow-up prior to analysis. The fourth analysis used linear mixed modelling based on all available data. Results The standardisation with stratification analysis showed a significantly lower systolic BP in telemonitoring patients at 6–12 months follow-up (-4.06, 95% CI -6.30 to -1.82, p < 0.001) for patients with systolic BP below 135 at baseline. For the standardisation with matching and regression adjustment for propensity score analyses, systolic BP was significantly lower overall (− 5.96, 95% CI -8.36 to − 3.55 , p < 0.001) and (− 3.73, 95% CI− 5.34 to − 2.13, p < 0.001) respectively, even after assuming that − 5 of the difference was due to ‘white coat effect’. For the random coefficient modelling, the improvement in systolic BP was estimated to be -3.37 (95% CI -5.41 to -1.33 , p < 0.001) after 1 year. Conclusions The four analyses provide additional evidence for the effectiveness of telemonitoring in controlling BP in routine primary care. The random coefficient analysis is particularly recommended due to its ability to utilise all available data. However, adjusting for the complex array of biases was difficult. Researchers should appreciate the potential for bias in implementation studies and seek to acquire a detailed understanding of the study context in order to design appropriate analytical approaches.

The Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program (MBSR) Reduces Stress-Related Psychological Distress in Healthcare Professionals

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 897-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Martín-Asuero ◽  
Gloria García-Banda
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reduction Program ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction

This semi-experimental study examines how Mindfulness facilitates a distress reduction in a group of health professionals. The sample comprises 29 professionals seeking stress reduction who undertook an 8 weeks psico-educative intervention, involving 28 hours of class, based on a program called Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction or MBSR. Results show a 35% reduction of distress, from percentile 75 to 45, combined with a 30% reduction in rumination and a 20% decrease in negative affect. These benefits lasted during the 3 months of the follow up period. The correlation analysis indicates that the decrease in distress is significantly related to the other two variables. These results confirm the effectiveness of MBSR to decrease distress and its applicability in training programs for health professionals.

Abstract 683: Regression of Plaque Volume in One Arterial Bed is not Necessarily Associated with Similar Changes in Other Vessels

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Suzuki ◽  
Takashi Nozawa ◽  
Mitsuo Sobajima ◽  
Takashi Ohori ◽  
Akira Matsuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Plaque Volume ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Soft Plaque ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Atherosclerotic Changes

Background: Population-based studies have shown good correlation between severity of atherosclerotic disease in one arterial bed and involvement of other vessels. However, in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), it remains unclear whether atherosclerotic plaque in an artery might regress or progress in parallel with other vessels. Accordingly, the present study was performed in patients with CAD to compare changes in plaque volume (PV) between the left main (LMT) and right coronary arteries (RCA), thoracic descending aorta (TDA) and common carotid artery (CCA), and to clarify clinical factors and biomarkers which might affect changes in PV in each artery. Methods: Using 64-multislice computed tomography, PVs in each artery were determined before and after 2.0-year follow-up period in 52 patients with CAD (67.4±9.9yo). Based on our previous study using ultrasound, CCA-PV was determined at windows of 90–240HU and TDA-PV determined manually. Coronary soft plaque was determined at windows of 0–75HU. Plasma levels of hsCRP, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 α (PGF) were determined at baseline. Results: At baseline, PVs of TDA were correlated with CCA-PV (r=0.38, p<0.02), but PVs of other arteries did not correlate to each other. Two-year later, PVs of LMT, RCA, TDA, and CCA were reduced in 41, 62, 27, and 39% of patients, respectively. Changes in LMT-PV were weakly related with those of TDA-PV (r=0.37, p=0.02) and RCA-PV (r=0.31, p=0.08), but there were no relation between other arteries. The multivariate analysis revealed that treatment with statin and low LDL-cholesterol (C, <100mg/dl) were independent variables regarding a reduction in DTA-PV, but, in LMT, only low LDL-C was independent variable. However, there were no independent variables in RCA or CCA. The ratio of soft PV to total PV was similar between LMT (45.2±7.1%) and RCA (45.7±4.9%) at baseline and was unchanged in the follow-up study. None of hsCRP, MMP-9 or PGF levels was related with PVs of any arteries at baseline and with changes in PVs. Conclusions: Regression of PV in one arterial bed dose not necessarily allow us to predict atherosclerotic changes in the other vessels. Major factors which affect changes in PV may not be homogeneous between arteries.

Abstract 2276: Microhemorrhage Burden Increases the Risk of Hematoma Growth in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Martí-Fàbregas ◽  
Estrella Morenas ◽  
Raquel Delgado-Mederos ◽  
Lavinia Dinia ◽  
Esther Granell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Variable Time ◽  
Hematoma Growth ◽  
Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Radiological Studies

Introduction Microhemorrhages (MH) are lesions detected on radiological studies resulting from an underlying small-vessel angiopathy. We assesed the hypothesis that the presence of MH increases the risk of hematoma growth (HG) in patients with acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH). Methods We evaluated a series of patients in a prospective and multicentre study. We included patients with a spontaneous supratentorial ICH within the first 6 hours after symptom onset, that also had a follow-up CT 24-72 hours later and a MRI performed after a variable time after ICH. HG was defined as an increase >33% in the volume of hematoma on the follow-up CT, in comparison with the admission CT. The volume was calculated using the formula AxBxC/2. On MR scans we assessed the presence, number and distribution of MH. After differential diagnosis with other radiological lesions, MH were evaluated on echo-gradient sequences and defined as hypointense rounded lesions with a diameter <10mm. Statistical analysis: Bivariate tests with the whole sample and with the subgroup of patients with less than 3 hours from symptom onset. Results We studied 46 patients, whose mean age was 68.8±11.2 y and 68% were men. Mean baseline volume was 19.1±27.3 cc. We detected MH in 7/15 patients with HG and in 18/31 patients without HG (46.7% vs 58.1%, p=0.53). In the subgroup of patients with 10 MH, the risk of HG was higher than in patients with 0-10 MH (75% vs 28.6%, p=0.067), and this difference was significant when considering only patients with a <3 hours evolution (100% vs 31%, p=0.044). We did not observe any association between risk of HG and distribution of MH. Age and time to CT were equivalent in the two groups (with and without HG), either in the <6 or <3 hours subgroups. Conclusions In conclusion, in patients with hyperacute ICH, the presence of more than 10 MH increases the risk of HG. This is probably an indirect marker of a more severe underlying angiopathy.

Tracking of Serum Cholesterol Levels in a Multiracial Sample of Preschool Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Freedman ◽  
Tim Byers ◽  
Karen Sell ◽  
Sarah Kuester ◽  
Eva Newe1l ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Final Measurement ◽  
Subsequent Measurement ◽  
Initial Measurement

The relation of an initial measurement of serum total cholesterol to subsequent levels over a (mean) 13-month interval was examined in a multiracial (white, Hispanic, American Indian, and black) sample of 1680 one- to four-year-olds. Although the relation of the initial level to the final measurement (r = .54) did not vary by race, sex, relative weight, or changes in relative weight, the association increased with age at the time of the initial measurement (eg, r .64 among 4-year-olds). Based on the initial and final total cholesterol determinations, the within-person standard deviation was 21 mg/dL and the coefficient of variation was 13%. Although the final total cholesterol level was within 5 mg/dL of the initial level for 18% of the children, the two determinations differed by ≥25 mg/dL for about 35% of the children and by ≥50 mg/dL for about 8%. Of the 149 children who had an initial cholesterol level ≥200 mg/dL, 34% (about five times the expected number) had a follow-up level that was similarly elevated whereas 25% had a subsequent measurement below 170 mg/dL. The results indicate that although an initial cholesterol level in early life is moderately predictive of subsequent levels, it may be difficult to interpret a single total cholesterol determination because of substantial within-person variability.

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