scholarly journals Removal of Copper from Industrial Wastewater and its Relationship with Wilson's disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 504-515
Author(s):  
Keniche Assia
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatolenticular Degeneration ◽  
Safe Strategy ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Impact

Background:Wilson’s illness, or hepatolenticular degeneration, is an autosomal passive issue that outcomes from an accumulation of copper prevalently in the liver and brain. The aggregation is happen because of imperfect biliary discharge of copper. Current information demonstrates that grown-up people need to ingest about 0.75 mg of copper every day to continue a parity. Because of a hereditary imperfection, people with Wilson’s ailment can't discharge the abundance copper, bringing about a progressive develop of copper in the body. Substantial metals are the most hurtful of the concoction toxins and are of specific worry because of their poison levels to people. From this poisonous metal copper, which has impacts in drinking water on the gastrointestinal tract, yet there is some with respect to the drawn out impacts of copper on delicate populaces, for example, bearers of the quality for Wilson’smalady and other metabolic issue of copper homeostasis. Method:We picked as a characteristic adsorbent in this work the Moringa Oleifera Seeds (MOSs) from Mali assortment, which could be a practical and earth safe strategy for water sanitization. All examinations were directed at room temperature, andafter being permitted to represent two hours, the examples were broke down utilizing the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The seeds of Moringawere set up by taking around 1 g of the seed squashed and blending it in with around 20 cm3 of water to be decontaminated in three distinct measuring utensils. Result:The different arrangements after filtration, indicated an expanded thickness in the amount of copper, which demonstrates the viability of the cleansing intensity of the seeds of MO. The best consequences of adsorption were for 30 min of contact time. We had half copper evacuation. The impact of contact time is significant in biosorption investigations to decide the harmony time required for the take-up of metal particles by the MOSs. Conclusion:In this investigation, the MOS from Mali were demonstrated to be a proficient regular adsorbent material of copper from fluid arrangements. The limit of the MOS to evacuate copper relies upon numerous models as; plant assortment and states of examinations. Our examination is going on the investigation of evacuation parameters, for example, contact time, pH, temperature, molecule size, sorbent portion, and introductory metal fixation.

scholarly journals Appraising the Impacts of Globalization on Gravity Model Economic Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Bilal Khlaf Al Omari
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at exploring the impact of economic globalization factors on the gravity economic systems. Nonetheless, the basis of the research is a gravity economic system exposed to the impacts of globalization, and the concern is to explore the effects of the exposure on the influences of distance and economic sizes on the model. Recognizing the role of population growth and globalization in driving bilateral trade follows is one of the objectives of this research as should be part of an economic model. The study used the modified gravity and globalization variables, data retrieved from the CEPII, the World Fact-book, and the World Bank. The ordinary squares regression and STATA statistical software were used to investigate the hypotheses. The model leading to the general hypothesis that globalization is reducing the cost of entry, and total time required to set up a business and to minimize the bureaucracy associated with registering businesses and launching operations. The trade flow latent variable should contain information on export, import, free trade agreements, preferential trade agreements, and union memberships, which would help in identifying globalization factors that mediate the interaction between global variables and bilateral trade responses.

scholarly journals Proper positioning of mice for Cobb angle radiographic measurements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Yi Chen ◽  
Keith Dip Kei Luk ◽  
You Qiang Song ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Jason Pui Yin Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Cobb Angle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interorbital Space ◽  
Mouse Imaging ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
Curve Magnitude ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Whole Spine ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundThere is no recommended standard for positioning of a mouse for radiographic assessment of the spine. This is necessary to have reproducible radiographic data and avoid false positive results. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of various postures on Cobb angle measurements and to set up a positioning standard for imaging mouse spines. MethodsThis study was conducted in three parts. Firstly, we identified the problem of lack of posture standardization for radiographs. We collected 77 C57BL/6J mice for spine radiographs and found a scoliosis prevalence of 28.6% with large variations in curve magnitude. Secondly, 24 C57BL/6J mice underwent 4 consecutive weekly radiographs and observed high variations (relative standard deviation: 125.3%) between radiographs. Thirdly, we collected another 82 C57BL/6J mice and designed 14 different postures that could take place during imaging. These postures were related to curling of the limbs, and head, pelvic and tail tilting. ResultsThe results showed that head and pelvic tilting significantly affects the curve magnitude with effect size (Glass’s delta) over 1.50. Avoiding these incorrect positions during radiographs is warranted. The standard recommended posture for mouse imaging entails positioning the snout, interorbital space, neck and whole spine in one line, and with the limbs placed symmetrical to the trunk, whilst avoiding stretching the body of the mouse. ConclusionsOur work exemplified the importance of standard protocol during imaging when using animal model in the scoliosis study. We recommend utilizing this standard in studying various disorders of the spine.

Experimental Analysis of Heat Transfer From Ice Rink Floors

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Mun ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes an experimental set-up to evaluate the refrigeration loads for ice rink floors under controlled conditions. The ice-rink set-up was instrumented to measure the temperatures along various locations within the ice-rink floor including the water/ice layer. In addition, the energy used to freeze the water is monitored over the entire charging cycle to evaluate the performance of the ice rink floor for various insulation thermal resistance values (or R-values). Four floor insulation configurations are considered in the experimental analysis of R-0 (no insulation), R-4.2, R-6.7 and R-10 (in IP unit: hr.ft2.°F/Btu). The impact of the air temperature above the ice rink is also evaluated. The experimental results confirm that the addition of the thermal insulation beneath the ice-rink floor reduces the refrigeration load, decreased the time required to freeze the water above the ice rink, and helps maintain lower average ice temperature.

scholarly journals Proper positioning of mice for Cobb angle radiographic measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Yi Chen ◽  
Keith Dip Kei Luk ◽  
You Qiang Song ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Jason Pui Yin Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Cobb Angle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interorbital Space ◽  
Mouse Imaging ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
Curve Magnitude ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Whole Spine ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background There is no recommended standard for positioning of a mouse for radiographic assessment of the spine. This is necessary to have reproducible radiographic data and avoid false positive results. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of various postures on Cobb angle measurements and to set up a positioning standard for imaging mouse spines. Methods This study was conducted in three parts. Firstly, we identified the problem of lack of posture standardization for radiographs. We collected 77 C57BL/6 J mice for spine radiographs and found a scoliosis prevalence of 28.6% with large variations in curve magnitude. Secondly, 24 C57BL/6 J mice underwent 4 consecutive weekly radiographs and observed high variations (relative standard deviation: 125.3%) between radiographs. Thirdly, we collected another 82 C57BL/6 J mice and designed 14 different postures that could take place during imaging. These postures were related to curling of the limbs, and head, pelvic and tail tilting. Results The results showed that head and pelvic tilting significantly affects the curve magnitude with effect size (Glass’s delta) over 1.50. Avoiding these incorrect positions during radiographs is warranted. The standard recommended posture for mouse imaging entails positioning the snout, interorbital space, neck and whole spine in one line, and with the limbs placed symmetrical to the trunk, whilst avoiding stretching the body of the mouse. Conclusions Our work exemplified the importance of standard protocol during imaging when using an animal model in the scoliosis study. We recommend utilizing this standard in studying various disorders of the spine to avoid technical causes for the appearance of a curve.

scholarly journals Embodying Voice: Singing Verdi, singing Wagner

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Margaret Medlyn
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Vocal Performance ◽  
Creative Agency ◽  
To Come ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Modern Experience ◽  
Opera Singers ◽  
The Impact

<p>Writers from diverse disciplines have rhapsodised over the impact of the operatic voice on the listener, while musicologists such as Abbate, Duncan, and Risi have explored the effect that concepts of voice and bodily engagement have had on our critical readings of opera. Yet although perspectives on performance have become an increasingly vital aspect of operatic criticism, no one has laid out how opera singers experience performance in relation to the ideas of embodiment that scholars write about. The discourse on embodiment and voice is theoretical; most discussions of female voice can be mapped on to any historical period and on to any voice, so that all voices end up being treated the same; paradoxically, in addition it is a discourse that largely omits the body.  Indeed, the complexity of connecting many different layers of mind and bodily engagement, that is, the embodiment, is a task that requires detailed and specialised training. Without attempting to speak for all singers at all times, I propose that by acknowledging that different singers achieve and think about particular elements of embodiment in different ways, we can start to come to terms with an individual singer’s creative agency, as a co-creator of the composer’s music.  In this dissertation I outline key characteristics of the type of embodied voice that has become the basis of operatic singing today, how that operatic voice is produced in performance, and the importance of the singer’s own bodily engagement in making that sound and constituting the performance itself. By juxtaposing operatic criticism and readings of voice and vocality with an interrogation of my own physical engagement in singing a few particular roles (as a singer specialising in nineteenth and twentieth-century operatic repertoire), I demonstrate how a singer “creates” roles. My detailed analyses illustrate how a singer’s fully conscious bodily engagement, in and through the breath, is inextricably linked with musical and dramatic interpretation, and sets up the vocal spectacle and embodied agency so central to our modern experience of opera.  Moreover, in the context of specific readings of particular operatic roles, I argue that particular composers set up specific ways in which singers manipulate elements of body and mind – so that the score can influence and even control how a singer can or cannot breathe. As I will demonstrate in detailed studies of four roles by Verdi and Wagner (all of which I have sung in performance), some scores set up an almost physical collaboration between the singer herself and the way in which text, breath and music are shaped and moulded in performance by particular features of the vocal writing. While a large number of roles could be explored in those terms, the demands placed upon body and voice are individual and each role of every opera is always distinct; Verdi and Wagner roles provide particularly valuable examples because of the complex intersection between a rich psychological framework for interpretative engagement and a complex vocal and bodily collaboration. In addition, my focus on a particular timeframe in the historical development of vocal practice suggests fascinating correlations with the case studies I discuss from Il trovatore, Die Walküre and Parsifal. The new type of singer developing the skills and voice to sing these roles predicates today’s vocal and stage practices that in turn have influenced my own experience. Offering an in-depth examination of the complex tasks an opera singer undertakes, I also examine differences in the vocality in singing Wagner and Verdi roles, culminating in a detailed exposition of my chosen roles.  This dissertation, therefore, sets up a complex picture of the ways in which vocal performance is constructed and controlled by Verdi and Wagner, on the one hand, and how particular scores also set up the conditions that allow singers in these texts to unleash their voice to achieve “wildness” and expression that lies beyond the text. Through these case studies, I establish a discourse of vocality that allows detailed readings of aspects of vocal performance that seemingly bypass rational communication. In the end, I build a case for understanding how singers’ embodiment contributes to the creativity of the performance in ways hitherto intuited but not analysed. Thus I offer a counterbalance and reinterpretation of traditional perspectives on the reality of performance, addressing singers and scholars alike.</p>

scholarly journals Chromium (VI) removal from aqueous solutions using Eichhornia as an adsorbent

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neetu Rani ◽  
Bhupender Singh ◽  
Tuisem Shimrah
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
First Order ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Optimum Ph

The study was carried out to check the potential of water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, to remove chromium (VI) in batch process. Powder was prepared from dried Eichhornia (particle size 0.3 mm and 1.0 mm). The influence of various parameters on adsorption (pH, dose, contact time, temperature) was studied. The Cr(VI) removal was 60.9% and 79.2% for 1.00 mm and 0.3 mm particles of Eichhornia treated (ET) after 30 min contact time and 52.7% and 53.4% for 1.00 mm and 0.3 mm particles of Eichhornia untreated (EU) after 75 min contact time respectively. The optimum pH for both adsorbents was found to be 2.0 and optimum dose was found to be 0.4 g 100 ml−1 for ET and 0.6 g 100 ml−1 for EU. Maximum adsorption occurred at room temperature (26 ± 1°C) in case of both ET and EU, respectively. The adsorption process followed the first order mechanism as well as the Langmuir isotherm. Finally, it was concluded that the adsorbent prepared from Eichhornia is very effective in removing Cr(VI) and it can be used for industrial wastewater treatment.

Biosorption of Cd(II) from Water by Moringa oleifera Leaves

2014 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman N. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Body ◽  
Priority Pollutants ◽  
Cadmium Level ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Synergistic Toxicity

Cadmium is one of the most toxic metals affecting man, animals, and plants. It is considered one of the priority pollutants, its excretion from the body is very low, and it has synergistic toxicity with other metals. Therefore, cadmium from surface water and wastewater where the cadmium level is high must be treated. This work was done to study the biosorption of Cd (II) from water using Moringa oleifera leaves, as a natural, low cost biosorbent, and environmentally friendly without any modification. The dosage and the particle size of the natural biosorbent were studied as well as the concentration of Cd (II), and pH. The synthetic water with initial turbidity of 200 NTU was used and the Cd (II) concentration was 1ppm, and 3ppm. Different dosages of Moringa oleifera leaves powder of (0.10 to 10 g/L) were added with different particle size of Moringa oleifera leaves (<125, <250, <500, and >500 μm) at room temperature. The AAS was used to measure the residual Cd (II) in the supernatant after treatment with Moringa oleifera leaves powder. It was observed that the removal of Cd (II) was increased by increasing the natural biosorbent dosage, while the particle size and the pH has no effect on the removal efficiency. Therefore, it is concluded that the Moringa oleifera leaves powder can be used as a natural biosorbent without any chemical modification and can be used directly after grinding without sieving to different sizes. The best removal of 1ppm, and 3ppm Cd (II) was at dosage of 8g/L, and 10g/L from fresh grinded leaves, respectively.

scholarly journals Characterization of Short-Term Temperature, Exposure, and Solubilization Effects on Library Compound Quality

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1112-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Eschelbach ◽  
Dorothy Zhuomei ◽  
Breanne Grady ◽  
Wolfgang Goetzinger
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
The Impact

Many compound collections are stored under the same temperature conditions, which can limit flexibility by increasing the processing time required for high-demand compounds. In this study, the authors wanted to evaluate the impact of a hybrid-storage approach where high-demand compounds are stored for a shortened time period at room temperature to expedite processing operations. The use of a Covaris adaptive-focused acoustics platform was also characterized as a potential enhancement or alternative to storage at elevated temperatures. This study evaluated the impact of temperature, exposure, and solubilization on overall compound quality for short-term storage. A small library of 25 representative compounds was evaluated over an 18-week period to monitor the change in purity and concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The authors concluded that temperature had a significant impact on compound concentration, and the effects due to exposure cycles were minimal. A storage time of 12 weeks at room temperature resulted in minimal compound loss, but storage times beyond this would be unacceptable because of a >20% decrease in concentration. Finally, the acoustic solubilization protocol also increased the number of compounds at the target concentration with no impact on overall purity, leading to a potential for increased storage times at frozen temperatures.

scholarly journals Embodying Voice: Singing Verdi, singing Wagner

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Margaret Medlyn
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Vocal Performance ◽  
Creative Agency ◽  
To Come ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Modern Experience ◽  
Opera Singers ◽  
The Impact

<p>Writers from diverse disciplines have rhapsodised over the impact of the operatic voice on the listener, while musicologists such as Abbate, Duncan, and Risi have explored the effect that concepts of voice and bodily engagement have had on our critical readings of opera. Yet although perspectives on performance have become an increasingly vital aspect of operatic criticism, no one has laid out how opera singers experience performance in relation to the ideas of embodiment that scholars write about. The discourse on embodiment and voice is theoretical; most discussions of female voice can be mapped on to any historical period and on to any voice, so that all voices end up being treated the same; paradoxically, in addition it is a discourse that largely omits the body.  Indeed, the complexity of connecting many different layers of mind and bodily engagement, that is, the embodiment, is a task that requires detailed and specialised training. Without attempting to speak for all singers at all times, I propose that by acknowledging that different singers achieve and think about particular elements of embodiment in different ways, we can start to come to terms with an individual singer’s creative agency, as a co-creator of the composer’s music.  In this dissertation I outline key characteristics of the type of embodied voice that has become the basis of operatic singing today, how that operatic voice is produced in performance, and the importance of the singer’s own bodily engagement in making that sound and constituting the performance itself. By juxtaposing operatic criticism and readings of voice and vocality with an interrogation of my own physical engagement in singing a few particular roles (as a singer specialising in nineteenth and twentieth-century operatic repertoire), I demonstrate how a singer “creates” roles. My detailed analyses illustrate how a singer’s fully conscious bodily engagement, in and through the breath, is inextricably linked with musical and dramatic interpretation, and sets up the vocal spectacle and embodied agency so central to our modern experience of opera.  Moreover, in the context of specific readings of particular operatic roles, I argue that particular composers set up specific ways in which singers manipulate elements of body and mind – so that the score can influence and even control how a singer can or cannot breathe. As I will demonstrate in detailed studies of four roles by Verdi and Wagner (all of which I have sung in performance), some scores set up an almost physical collaboration between the singer herself and the way in which text, breath and music are shaped and moulded in performance by particular features of the vocal writing. While a large number of roles could be explored in those terms, the demands placed upon body and voice are individual and each role of every opera is always distinct; Verdi and Wagner roles provide particularly valuable examples because of the complex intersection between a rich psychological framework for interpretative engagement and a complex vocal and bodily collaboration. In addition, my focus on a particular timeframe in the historical development of vocal practice suggests fascinating correlations with the case studies I discuss from Il trovatore, Die Walküre and Parsifal. The new type of singer developing the skills and voice to sing these roles predicates today’s vocal and stage practices that in turn have influenced my own experience. Offering an in-depth examination of the complex tasks an opera singer undertakes, I also examine differences in the vocality in singing Wagner and Verdi roles, culminating in a detailed exposition of my chosen roles.  This dissertation, therefore, sets up a complex picture of the ways in which vocal performance is constructed and controlled by Verdi and Wagner, on the one hand, and how particular scores also set up the conditions that allow singers in these texts to unleash their voice to achieve “wildness” and expression that lies beyond the text. Through these case studies, I establish a discourse of vocality that allows detailed readings of aspects of vocal performance that seemingly bypass rational communication. In the end, I build a case for understanding how singers’ embodiment contributes to the creativity of the performance in ways hitherto intuited but not analysed. Thus I offer a counterbalance and reinterpretation of traditional perspectives on the reality of performance, addressing singers and scholars alike.</p>

A discussion on deformation of solids by the impact of liquids, and its relation to rain damage in aircraft and missiles, to blade erosion in steam turbines, and to cavitation erosion - Disintegration of raindrops by shockwaves ahead of conical bodies

1966 ◽  
Vol 260 (1110) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drop Diameter ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Supersonic Flight ◽  
Water Drops ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Impact

When an aircraft flies at high speed through rain the impact of raindrops on the forward facing surfaces of the aircraft may cause severe erosion damage depending on the size and number of the drops, the speed of the aircraft and the time of flight in the rain. However, before the raindrops reach the aircraft surface they have to pass through a region where they are subjected to relative air velocities caused by the airflow round the aircraft surface. This is particularly applicable to supersonic flight when, in the region between the shockwaves and the aircraft surface, the raindrops may be exposed to air velocities large enough to disintegrate them. The raindrop disintegration is not an instantaneous event; it takes short but finite time and appears to be an erosion process whereby droplets are torn off the surface of the main drop until it is completely reduced to a fine mist. The degree of disintegration of a drop by the time it reaches the aircraft surface will depend on the magnitude of, and the exposure time to, the air velocity. For supersonic flight this time depends on the distance travelled by the drop between the shockwave and the aircraft surface. The experiments described had the object of determining the time required for high speed airstreams completely to disintegrate water drops. An empirical relation is postulated between D , the drop diameter, V , the airstream velocity and t , the time for complete disintegration. The paper considers a conical body at supersonic velocity in a raindrop environment, the body being of a shape typical of that envisaged for supersonic aircraft design. From the derived empirical relation for the time of disintegration of water drops the size of drops to be completely disintegrated when approaching the surface of cones of different vertex angles has been calculated for a range of flight Mach numbers. An experiment giving partial justification for computed results is described.

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