scholarly journals Directions for research and development of anti-tuberculosis drugs

Farmacist ro ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Nicolae Bacinschi ◽  
Sofia Alexandru ◽  
Anna Donica ◽  
Ina Guţu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
New Targets ◽  
New Compounds

The increasing incidence of new cases of tuberculosis, of latent forms and with multiple and extended resistance, required the acceleration of the research and elaboration of the anti-tuberculosis drugs by elucidating new targets. The main directions of study of the new compounds focused on the influence on the cell wall, the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, the energy metabolism, as well as on the immune status of the host. At the base of these strategies were the data regarding the structural components and the particularities of the life cycle of mycobacteria at different stages of disease evolution.

The chronicle of COVID-19: possible strategies to curb the pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Seetha Harilal ◽  
Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi ◽  
Githa Elizabeth Mathew ◽  
Simone Carradori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Day By Day

: COVID-19, an epidemic that emerged in Wuhan, has become a pandemic affecting worldwide and is in a rapidly evolving condition. Day by day, the confirmed cases and deaths are increasing many folds. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus; therefore, limited data are available to curb the disease. Epidemiological approaches, isolation, quarantine, social distancing, lockdown, and curfew are being employed to halt the spread of the disease. Individual and joint efforts all over the world are producing a wealth of data and information which are expected to produce therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. Current research focuses on the utilization of antiviral drugs, repurposing strategies, vaccine development as well as basic to advanced research about the organism and the infection. The review focuses on the life cycle, targets, and possible therapeutic strategies, which can lead to further research and development of COVID-19 therapy.

scholarly journals MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF PENGENALAN PURA PALUANG NUSA PENIDA BALI BERBASIS ANDROID

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-306
Author(s):  
I Wayan Gede Oksarya Ega Satrya ◽  
I Gede Suardika ◽  
Ni Kadek Sukerti
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
Multimedia Development

Pura Paluang yang terletak di Kecamatan Nusa Penida, Kabupaten Klungkung Bali, tepatnya di kawasan Dusun Karangdawa, Desa Bungamekar memiliki dua pelinggih (bangunan suci) yang sedikit kurang lazim bentuknya dibandingkan pura-pura lain pada umumnya di Bali. Jika pelinggih umumnya di pura-pura berbentuk seperti candi, maka bentuk pelinggih di Pura Paluang menyerupai mobil jenis Jimny dan VW Beatle. Sampai saat ini informasi mengenai Pura Paluang ini masih berupa artikel-artikel yang berisi mengenai sejarah dan keunikan Pura Paluang tersebut. Untuk memperkenalkan potensi pengetahuan sejarah, spiritual dan budaya yang ada di Pura Paluang salah satunya adalah melalui media Informasi Teknologi (IT) yang dikemas dalam Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis Android, yang diharapkan dapat menjadi wadah Informasi yang edukatif serta atraktif yang mudah di akses oleh masyarakat pada umumnya dan umat Hindu pada khususnya. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian dengan metode penelitian R&D (Research And Development). Metode yang digunakan untuk mengembangkan multimedia interaktif ini adalah metode Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) dan terdapat 6 tahapan, yaitu concept, design, material collecting, assembly, dan testing. Aplikasi Multimedia Interaktif Pengenalan Pura Paluang Nusa Penida – Klungkung Berbasis Android dalam pengujian menggunakan metode Blackbox sudah berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, fungsionalitas aplikasi juga sudah berfungsi dengan baik

scholarly journals Contribution of the Cell Wall Component Teichuronopeptide to pH Homeostasis and Alkaliphily in the Alkaliphile Bacillus lentus C-125

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (21) ◽  
pp. 6600-6606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikizo Aono ◽  
Masahiro Ito ◽  
Takayoshi Machida
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Ph Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Wall Component ◽  
Bacillus Lentus ◽  
Defective Mutant ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

ABSTRACT A teichuronopeptide (TUP) is one of major structural components of the cell wall of the facultative alkaliphilic strain Bacillus lentus C-125. A mutant defective in TUP synthesis grows slowly at alkaline pH. An upper limit of pH for growth of the mutant was 10.4, while that of the parental strain C-125 was 10.8. GenetupA, directing synthesis of TUP, was cloned from C-125 chromosomal DNA. The primary translation product of this gene is likely a cytoplasmic protein (57.3 kDa) consisting of 489 amino acid residues. Introduction of the tupA gene into the TUP-defective mutant complemented the mutation responsible for the pleiotropic phenotypes of the mutant, leading to simultaneous disappearance of the defect in TUP synthesis, the diminished ability for cytoplasmic pH homeostasis, and the low tolerance for alkaline conditions. These results demonstrate that the acidic polymer TUP in the cell wall plays a role in pH homeostasis in this alkaliphile.

PENGEMBANGAN GAME EDUKASI BERBASIS WEB PADA MATERI BANGUN RUANG DENGAN CONSTRUCT 2

Factor M ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Syamsudin ◽  
Risca Mufti ◽  
Muhammad Ilham Habibi ◽  
Ika Kusuma Wijaya ◽  
Nuriza Sofiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
Multimedia Development

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun game edukasi pada materi geometri bangun ruang untuk siswa tingkat SD. Penelitian yang dilakukan di MI Al Hikmah Kediri ini termasuk dalam penelitian pengembangan yang menggunakan metode penelitian Research and Development (R&D). Penelitian ini dimulai pada Maret dan berakhir pada Agustus 2020 di MI Al Hikmah Kediri dengan subjek penelitian siswa jenjang kelas VI sebanyak 20 orang untuk melakukan pengujian. Game edukasi ini dibangun menggunakan model pengembangan Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) yang dikembangkan oleh Luther-Sutopo dengan tahap pengembangan game yang terdiri dari concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing dan distribution. Construct 2 dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan game edukasi dengan baik. Hasil uji materi dan multimedia terkait dengan kelayakan game mendapatkan skor 4.025 dan 4.4 yang termasuk dalam intepretasi kuat. Sementara dalam uji kemenarikan game mendapat skor 3.8 yang termasuk dalam kriteria sangat menarik. Dengan demikian game edukasi bangun ruang ini dapat dikatakan layak untuk digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran matematika khususnya topik bangun ruang untuk siswa kelas VI.  

scholarly journals The role of the liver in the migration of parasites of global significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendoline Deslyper ◽  
Derek G. Doherty ◽  
James C. Carolan ◽  
Celia V. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Different Tissues

Abstract Many parasites migrate through different tissues during their life-cycle, possibly with the aim to enhance their fitness. This is true for species of three parasite genera of global importance, Ascaris, Schistosoma and Plasmodium, which cause significant global morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, these parasites all incorporate the liver in their life-cycle. The liver has a special immune status being able to preferentially induce tolerance over immunity. This function may be exploited by parasites to evade host immunity, with Plasmodium spp. in particular using this organ for its multiplication. However, hepatic larval attrition occurs in both ascariasis and schistosomiasis. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in hepatic infection could be useful in developing novel vaccines and therapies for these parasites.

Myofibrillar cell wall extensions in the hyphal sheath of Postia placenta

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 905-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Larsen ◽  
Frederick Green III
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Process ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Hyphal Cell ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Glass Cover ◽  
Hyphal Sheath ◽  
Brown Rot Decay ◽  
Extracellular Structures

Evidence is provided for the existence of linear extracellular fibrillar elements in the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta. These elements appear as structural components of the hyphal sheath and more closely resemble mycofibrils than fungal fimbriae. Mycofibrils are associated with and appear to originate from the hyphal surface when hyphae are grown on wood or inert substrates, such as glass cover slips and polycarbonate filters. These extracellular structures have a nominal diameter of 10–50 nm and are up to 25 μm in length. We conclude that mycofibrils are linear structural extensions of the hyphal cell wall. The precise function of mycofibrils in the brown-rot decay process of wood remains to be elucidated. Key words: Postia placenta, mycofibrils, fungal fimbriae, hyphal sheath, electron microscopy.

scholarly journals Environmental Attributes to Respiratory Diseases of Small Ruminants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Rahal ◽  
Abul Hasan Ahmad ◽  
Atul Prakash ◽  
Rajesh Mandil ◽  
Aruna T. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Environmental Attributes ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Alveolar Surface

Respiratory diseases are the major disease crisis in small ruminants. A number of pathogenic microorganisms have been implicated in the development of respiratory disease but the importance of environmental factors in the initiation and progress of disease can never be overemphasized. They irritate the respiratory tree producing stress in the microenvironment causing a decline in the immune status of the small ruminants and thereby assisting bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections to break down the tissue defense barriers. Environmental pollutants cause acute or chronic reactions as they deposit on the alveolar surface which are characterized by inflammation or fibrosis and the formation of transitory or persistent tissue manifestation. Some of the effects of exposures may be immediate, whereas others may not be evident for many decades. Although the disease development can be portrayed as three sets of two-way communications (pathogen-environment, host-environment, and host-pathogen), the interactions are highly variable. Moreover, the environmental scenario is never static; new compounds are introduced daily making a precise evaluation of the disease burden almost impossible. The present review presents a detailed overview of these interactions and the ultimate effect on the respiratory health of sheep and goat.

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