scholarly journals Ingestion and In vivo Digestibility of Pennisetum purpureum Supplemented with Graded Level of Arachis glabrata in Guinea Pigs (Cavia Porcellus)

Author(s):  
Miégoué E
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Emile Miégoué ◽  
Fernand Tendonkeng ◽  
Nathalie Mweugang Ngouopo ◽  
Loïc Arnauld Mba Tene ◽  
Paulette Ntsafack ◽  
...  

Guinea pig diet is essentially based on the use of grasses associated with protein sources. Then, in to improve the herbivores nutrition, the evaluation of intake and In vivo digestibility of Pennisetum purpureum or Panicum maximum in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) was carried out in January 2017 at the University of Dschang research and experimental farm and animal production and nutrition laboratory. 20 adult animals of local breed on average weight 450 ± 50g and aged about 5 months were used. They were organized into two batches of 10 animals each (5 males and 5 females). The first batch received 250g of fresh matter of Pennisetum purpureum + 60g concentrate/animal/day, while the second received the same treatment with Panicum maximum as grasses. Leftover and animals were weighed every morning before food distributions, and drinking water containing vitamin C was served ad libitum. According to the results, the highest ingestion was obtained with Panicum maximum. However, the digestibility different nutrients was comparable between treatments; nevertheless, males fed on P. maximum digested crude cellulose (63.78%) better than males fed on P. purpureum (51.17%). With regard to the variation of the bacterial rate of the caecal flora, enterobacteria of animals fed P. maximum was high (11.20 CFU/ml) compared to those of the animals receiving P. purpureum (7.27 CFU/ml), although regardless of the treatment, the level of lactobacilli was higher than that of enterobacteria. In view of the results obtained, these grasses can be alternatively used in feeding guinea pigs.


Author(s):  
Gina France Tobou Djoumessi ◽  
Fernand Tendonkeng ◽  
Emile Miégoué ◽  
Clément Emalé ◽  
David Fokom Wauffo ◽  
...  

L’effet de l’incorporation de la poudre du Curcuma longa comme phytobiotique sur l’ingestion et la digestibilité in vivo des nutriments a été mesuré sur un total de 40 cobayes de race anglaise ayant un poids moyen de 452±75 g. La poudre de racines de Curcuma longa a été incorporée dans l’aliment composé à des niveaux croissants (0 ; 0,25 ; 0,5 et 1%). Chaque ration a été granulée. Pendant l’essai de digestibilité qui a duré 17 jours (10 jours d’adaptation et 07 jours de collecte des données), chaque ration était répétée sur 10 cobayes (5 mâles et 5 femelles). L’inclusion de la poudre de Curcuma longa a amélioré de manière significative (p<0,05) l’ingestion alimentaire des cochons d’inde quel que soit le niveau d’inclusion considéré dans les rations. La digestibilité de la matière sèche de la ration contenant 0,25% de Curcuma longa a été comparable à celle de la ration R0% et R1%. En outre, la digestibilité de la cellulose brute de la ration R0,25% a été comparable à celle des rations R0,5% et R1%, mais significativement plus élevée que celle des rations R0%. L’inclusion de la poudre de Curcuma longa dans les rations a permis d’améliorer l’ingestion et la digestibilité de la ration chez des cochons d’inde. D’autres études doivent être réalisées afin de déterminer les causes de ces effets.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-612
Author(s):  
J. Gwladys Kontchiachou Nkana ◽  
Nathalie Ngouopo Mweugang ◽  
Soh Bah Germanus ◽  
Yam Alphonsius Semi ◽  
Paulette Ntsafack ◽  
...  

Malgré l’importance de la caviaculture en milieu rural, la maîtrise de l’alimentation des cochons d’inde reste encore un handicap à cet élevage. C’est ainsi qu’entre octobre 2018 et mars 2019, un essai a été mené à la Ferme d’Application et de Recherche (FAR) de l’Université de Dschang en vue d’évaluer l’effet de quelques légumineuses fourragères comme source de protéine dans la ration sur les performances de production du cochon d’Inde. Pour cet essai, 56 cochons d’Inde de 5 mois d’âge de race locale pesant en moyenne 450 ± 50 g nés à la FAR ont été utilisés. En effet, 48 femelles repartis en quatre lots ont été mises en croisement avec 2 mâles par lot pendant une période de 31 jours selon un dispositif factoriel. Les animaux de chaque lot recevaient la graminée ad libitum associé à 20 g/j/animal de l’aliment composé contenant ou non une légumineuse. Les résultats montrent que les tailles de la portée sont restées comparables entre les traitements. Les taux de mortalité pré et post-sevrage (15,38% et 9,10%) ainsi que le poids des cochonnets à 8 semaines les plus élevés ont été enregistrés avec la ration contenant Arachis glabrata. A la naissance et au sevrage, le poids moyen le plus élevé des cochonnets a été obtenu avec la ration contenant Desmodium intortum. Les gains de poids des cochonnets sont restés comparables entre les traitements. Les rations contenant les légumineuses ont donné des rendements carcasses, le poids du foie et celui du cæcum significativement plus élevé. Compte tenu du coût de production, les légumineuses de cette étude peuvent être utilisées comme des sources de protéine de choix pour l'amélioration des performances de production des cobayes en milieu paysan.Mots clés : Arachis glabrata, Calliandra calothyrsus, Desmodium intortum, Panicum maximum, Performances de production.   Enlgish Title: Effect of some legumes forages on reproduction, growth and carcass of Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus L.)Despite the importance of caviaculture in rural landscape, cavie’s feeding remains a handicap for this breeding. Thus, between October 2018 and March 2019, experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Experimental Farm of University of Dschang on the evaluation of some leguminaceous plants as protein source in the diet on production performances of Guinea pig. A total of 56 adults Guinea pigs of about 5 months and 450 ± 50 g were used for the experiments. Females were first put in breeding with 8 males for a period of 31 days and then organized in a completely randomized design of four groups of 12 females each. Each group received Panicum maximum ad libitum and 20 g DM/day/animal of a diet corresponding to the group. Mains results of this study showed that no significant difference (P > 0.05) has been noticed for mean litter size. Total mortality rate was 8.33 for diet containing Calliandra calothyrsus. No mortality was registered for others groups. High pre-weaning and post-weaning mortality (15.38 and 9.10%) was obtained with treatment based on Arachis glabrata. From birth to 8th week of age, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between average live weights. Total and daily weight gains remain comparable (P > 0.05) in weaning and in post-weaning whatever the diet. Results for carcass evaluation showed that diet containing these plants as sources of protein has permitted to obtain the highest values. The same result was observed with the liver weight and cæcum. Considering the low production cost, legumes plants appear to be good protein sources for the improvement of production performances of the guinea pigs in small farmer environment. Keywords : Arachis glabrata, Calliandra calothyrsus, Desmodium intortum, Panicum maximum, production performances.


Author(s):  
Emile Miégoué ◽  
Fernand Tendonkeng ◽  
Jules Lemofouet ◽  
Paulette Ntsafack ◽  
Nathalie Mweugang Ngouopo ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 41.2 ◽  
pp. 6916-6925
Author(s):  
Alex Ghêliho Zoffoun ◽  
Abossèdé Murielle Lucrèce Faïhun

Évaluer la palatabilité de onze fourrages tropicaux chez les cobayes (Cavia porcellus). Des cobayes appartenant à deux stades physiologiques (jeunes et adultes) ont fait l’objet des tests sur la palatabilité. Onze espèces fourragères tirées des résultats d’enquête auprès des éleveurs locaux ont été utilisées : Panicum maximum C1(Herbe de Guinée var C1), Panicum maximum local (Herbe de Guinée local), Pennisetum purpureum (Herbe éléphant), Elaeis guineensis (Palmier à huile), Musa acuminata (Bananier), Manihot esculenta (Manioc), Carica papaya (Papayer), Centrosema pubescens (Haricot sauvage), Moringa olifera (Moringe), Talinum triangulare (Pourpier tropical) et Tridax procumbens (Herbe à lapins). L’indice de palatabilité (IP) de chaque fourrage a été déterminé selon la méthode décrite par Salem et al. (2000). Panicum maximum local a présenté l’indice de préférence le plus élevé aussi bien chez les jeunes que chez les adultes, les valeurs ont été respectivement de 0,22 et 0,38. Centrosoma pubescens, Tridax procumbens et Panicum maximum C1 ont aussi présenté des indices de préférence élevés pour les deux stades physiologiques des cobayes. Les valeurs obtenues pour Centrosoma pubescens ont été de 0,22 chez les jeunes contre 0,25 chez les adultes, pour Tridax procumbens 0,19 chez les jeunes contre 0,24 chez les adultes, pour Panicum maximum C1 0,10 chez les jeunes contre 0,15 chez les adultes. Les valeurs d’indice de préférence les plus faibles ont été obtenues pour les espèces fourragères Musa acuminata (IP=0,00 chez les jeunes contre 0,02 chez les adultes) et Elaeis guineensis (IP=0,01 chez les jeunes contre 0,01 chez les adultes). Les valeurs obtenues pour les indices de préférences ont été influencées significativement par l’âge de l’animal (p-value = 0.005651) et le type de fourrage (p-value < 2.2e-16). La présente étude a permis d’évaluer la palatabilité de onze espèces fourragères chez des cobayes de différents stades physiologiques et d’en retenir les plus appétées par ces animaux. La connaissance des espèces fourragères les plus appréciées par les cobayes et la composition chimique de ces dernières permettront d'optimiser les stratégies d'alimentation dans les élevages. Palatability of eleven tropical forages in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) of different physiological stages in Benin To evaluate the palatability of eleven tropical forages in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Guinea pigs from two physiological stages (young and adult) were tested for palatability. Eleven forage species from survey results from local breeders were used : Panicum maximum C1 (Guinea grass C1), Panicum maximum local (local Guinea grass), Pennisetum purpureum (Elephant grass), Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm), Musa acuminata (Banana), Manihot esculenta (Cassava), Carica papaya (Pawpaw), Centrosema pubescens (Butterfly pea), Moringa olifera (Moringa), Talinum triangulare (Potherb fameflower) et Tridax procumbens (Coat buttons). The palatability index (PI) of each forage was determined by following the procedure described by Salem et al. (2000). Local Panicum maximum had the highest preference index in both young and adults, with values of 0.22 and 0.38, respectively. Centrosoma pubescens, Tridax procumbens and Panicum maximum C1 also showed high preference indices for the two physiological stages of guinea pigs. The values obtained for Centrosoma pubescens were 0.22 in the young against 0.25 in the adults, for Tridax procumbens 0.19 in the young against 0.24 in the adults, for Panicum maximum C1, 0.10 in the young against 0.15 in adults. The lowest preference index values were obtained for the forage species Musa acuminata (IP = 0.00 in young versus 0.02 in adults) and Elaeis guineensis (IP = 0.01 in young versus 0.01 in adults). The values obtained for the preference indices were significantly influenced by the age of the animal (p-value = 0.005651) and the type of forage (p-value <2.2e-16). The present study evaluated the palatability of eleven forage species in guinea pigs of different physiological stages and retained the most palatable of these animals. The knowledge of the forage species most appreciated by the guinea pigs and the chemical composition of the latter will optimize the feeding strategies in the farms.


Author(s):  
P. Toalombo Vargas

At the Pastaza Experiment Station of ESPOCH-Ecuador, the effect of two tropical humid grasses Pennisetum sp. (T1) and Pennisetum purpureum (T2), and the plant Tithonia diversifolia (T3), in the feeding of Cavia porcellus (guinea pigs) in the growth phase was evaluated. For this experiment, 210 animals of the improved Peruvian breed were used in three treatments with 70 repetitions. The data obtained was subjected to a completely randomized design, under the Tukey multiple comparison test at a significance level (p ≤ 0.01 and p ≤ 0.05). The fruitful results established that a more efficient feed conversion (5.57) was obtained by providing Tithonia diversifolia (T3), which required fewer quantities to be transformed into bodyweight. However, the best final weights (835.3 g), weight increases (560.97 g), feed consumption (4835.93 g), balanced consumption (2033.66 g), total feed intake (6869.59 g), carcass weights (518.14 g), carcass yield (60.28%), as well as lower mortality were recorded by providing Pennisetum sp. (T1). It also had the lowest cost per kilogram of weight gain with 1.90, as it has a high protein content. The economic analysis determined that it is more profitable to breed guinea pigs in pyramidal burrows when using Pennisetum sp. (T1), since its usefulness (B/C 1.34) was 34 cents for every dollar invested. This is notable because it solves the problems of feeding in the humid tropics, as well as housing them in burrows which reduces the breeding space, thus saving resources that increase profitability. Keywords: Pennisetum sp., Pennisetum purpureum, Tithonia diversifolia, Cavia porcellus, pyramid breeding system. Resumen En la Estación Experimental Pastaza de la ESPOCH-Ecuador, se evaluó el efecto de dos pastos del trópico húmedo Pennisetum sp. (T1); Pennisetum purpureum (T2), y un forraje Tithonia diversifolia (T3), en la alimentación de Cavia porcellus (cuyes) en la etapa de crecimiento – engorde. Para lo cual se utilizó 210 animales de la línea peruano mejorado, mediante tres tratamientos con 70 repeticiones; los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a un Diseño Completamente al Azar, bajo la prueba de comparación múltiple del estadístico Tukey a un nivel de significancia (p ≤ 0.01 y p ≤ 0.05). Los resultados productivos establecieron que al suministrar el T3, se alcanzó una conversión alimenticia más eficiente (5.57). Pero al proporcionar el T1, se registraron los mejores resultados para: peso final (835.3 g), incrementos de peso (560.97 g), consumo de forraje (4835.93 g) consumo de balanceado (2033.66 g), consumo total de alimento (6869.59 g), pesos a la canal (518.14 g), rendimiento a la canal (60.28%), menor porcentaje de mortalidad; así como también el menor costo por kilogramo de ganancia de peso con 1.90. El análisis económico determinó, que se obtiene mejor rentabilidad al criar cuyes, bajo madrigueras piramidales con la utilización de Pennisetum sp. (T1), ya que su utilidad fue (B/C 1.34); resultados que son aplicables, ya que solucionan los problemas de alimentación y nutrición de la producción de cuyes en el trópico húmedo ecuatoriano; a su vez el alojamiento en madrigueras reduce el espacio de crianza, por lo que al bajar los costos de producción representan un ahorro de recursos que elevan la rentabilidad. Palabras clave: Pennisetum sp., Pennisetum purpureum, Tithonia diversifolia, Cavia porcellus, sistema piramidal.


1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (03) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
G M Smith

SummaryIn this study, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) caused a dose- dependent fall in the circulating platelet count suggesting that 5-HT receptors are activated in rat platelets to cause platelet adhesion and aggregation. When low doses of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were simultaneously injected with 5-HT, there was a significant potentiation of the responses to ADR Ketanserin significantly reduced the potentiated responses. When higher doses of ADP were infused with bolus injections of 5-HT there was no potentiation and ketanserin did not reduce these responses. Ketanserin did not inhibit the collagen-induced fall in circulating platelet count, but did significantly increase the rate of return to the basal platelet count compared with control. 5-HT did not cause a fall in platelet count in guinea-pigs


1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buichi Fujttani ◽  
Toshimichi Tsuboi ◽  
Kazuko Takeno ◽  
Kouichi Yoshida ◽  
Masanao Shimizu

SummaryThe differences among human, rabbit and guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness as for inhibitions by adenosine, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine and acetylsalicylic acid are described, and the influence of measurement conditions on platelet adhesiveness is also reported. Platelet adhesiveness of human and animal species decreased with an increase of heparin concentrations and an increase of flow rate of blood passing through a glass bead column. Human and rabbit platelet adhesiveness was inhibited in vitro by adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine, but not by acetylsalicylic acid. On the other hand, guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness was inhibited by the four drugs including acetylsalicylic acid. In in vivo study, adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine inhibited platelet adhesiveness in rabbits and guinea-pigs. Acetylsalicylic acid showed the inhibitory effect in guinea-pigs, but not in rabbits.


1965 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 065-083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley A. Johnson ◽  
Ronaldo S. Balboa ◽  
Harlan J. Pederson ◽  
Monica Buckley

SummaryThe ultrastructure of platelet aggregation in vivo in response to bleeding brought about by transection of small mesenteric vessels in rats and guinea pigs has been studied. Platelets aggregate, degranulate and separating membranes disappear in parallel with fibrin appearance which is first seen at several loci after 30 seconds of bleeding. About 40 per cent of the electron opaque granules, some of which contain platelet factor 3 have disappeared after one minute of bleeding while the electron lucent granules increase by 70 per cent suggesting that some of them may be empty vesicles. Most of the platelet aggregates of the random type disappear leaving clumped red blood cells entrapped by a network of fibrin fibers which emanate from the remains of platelet aggregates of the rosette type to maintain hemostasis.


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