scholarly journals Human nature, transhumanism and digital transformation

E-Management ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Yu. Vorontsova ◽  
E. Postigo Solana
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Implementation Stage

The limits of misunderstanding associated with the implementation of the radical transhumanist project of transforming human nature into a posthuman being through the development and implementation of biotechnology have been presented briefly. Human intelligence has prejudices and assertions, that are physical, but these obstacles must be considered in the context of history and culture, which in turn are independent of physical limitations. The issues, related to the digital transformation of society, through the introduction of new technologies, as the implementation stage of the concept of transhumanism, also have been considered in the article. The problems of the moral dimension of human activity, related to the intervention of the digitalization process in it, have been considered. Prudential reflection, precaution, respect for the integrity and lives of people, their dignity and freedom, justice and the common welfare should form the responsibility to future generations for all kinds of technological interventions. The authors have proposed a conception, based on an interdisciplinary approach, which allows us to interconnect different areas of knowledge in the field of bioethics, economics, philosophy, etc. in order to identify and assess the risks behind the use of technological innovations (digital transformation), in the implementation of the philosophy of transhumanism. The use of ethical postulates will create a structure in which management decisions envisage technological innovations based on their utility for benefits on the one hand and the well-being of people on the other hand.

The Virtues of Justice: Toward a Moral and Jurisprudential Psychology

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110668
Author(s):  
Christopher Williams ◽  
Bruce Arrigo
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Offender Therapy ◽  
Psychological Structure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Over Time

Within the theoretical literature on crime control and offender therapy, little has been written about the importance of virtue ethics in the experience of human justice and in the evolution of the common good. As a theory of being, the aretaic tradition extols eudemonic existence (i.e., excellence, flourishing) as a relational habit of developing character that is both practiced and embodied over time. What this implies is that virtue justice depends on a set of assumptions and predispositions—both moral and jurisprudential—whose meanings are essential to comprehending its psychological structure. This article sets out to explore several themes that our integral to our thesis on the virtues (i.e., the being) of justice. We reclaim justice’s aretaic significance, critique the common conflation of justice and law, discuss how the dominant legalistic conception of justice is rooted in a particular view of human nature, suggest how justice might be more properly grounded in natural moral sensibilities, and provide a tentative explication of the psychological character of justice as a twofold moral disposition. Given this exploratory commentary, we conclude by reflecting on how individual well-being, system-wide progress, and transformative social change are both possible and practical, in the interest of promoting the virtues of justice within the practice of crime control and offender therapy.

Fielding and Richardson

PMLA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-388
Author(s):  
William Park
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
General Type ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tom Jones ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

But the Discovery [of when to laugh and when to cry] was reserved for this Age, and there are two Authors now living in this Metropolis, who have found out the Art, and both brother Biographers, the one of Tom Jones, and the other of Clarissa.author of Charlotte SummersRather than discuss the differences which separate Fielding and Richardson, I propose to survey the common ground which they share with each other and with other novelists of the 1740's and 50's. In other words I am suggesting that these two masters, their contemporaries, and followers have made use of the same materials and that as a result the English novels of the mid-eighteenth century may be regarded as a distinct historic version of a general type of literature. Most readers, it seems to me, do not make this distinction. They either think that the novel is always the same, or they believe that one particular group of novels, such as those written in the early twentieth century, is the form itself. In my opinion, however, we should think of the novel as we do of the drama. No one kind of drama, such as Elizabethan comedy or Restoration comedy, is the drama itself; instead, each is a particular manifestation of the general type. Each kind bears some relationship to the others, but at the same time each has its own identity, which we usually call its conventions. By conventions I mean not only stock characters, situations, and themes, but also notions and assumptions about the novel, human nature, society, and the cosmos itself. If we compare one kind of novel to another without first considering the conventions of each, we are likely to make the same mistake that Thomas Rymer did when he blamed Shakespeare for not conforming to the canons of classical French drama.

Positive Technology for Helping People Cope with Stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 787-814
Author(s):  
Daniela Villani ◽  
Pietro Cipresso ◽  
Andrea Gaggioli ◽  
Giuseppe Riva
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
General Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
The One

The emerging convergence of new technologies and health care is offering a new approach to support effective interventions. This chapter aims to describe how Positive Technology can help people cope with stress in several contexts. On the one hand, the potential capacity of sensor technologies to offer individuals the technology with which to monitor certain biological signals known to be associated with stress might serve to promote engagement with a mediated experience for stress management. On the other hand, the chapter focuses on the hedonic and eudaimonic experiences supported by technology in terms of inducing positive affective states and supporting personal growth by teaching strategies to reduce stress and enhance well-being. To further connect mediated experiences with real ones, the Interreality approach (IR) allows for the combination of assessment and intervention as inseparable parts of the general process of coping with stress.

scholarly journals Innovation and the growth of human population

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1735) ◽  
pp. 20160415 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Weinberger ◽  
C. Quiñinao ◽  
P. A. Marquet
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Human Population ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Positive Effects

Biodiversity is sustained by and is essential to the services that ecosystems provide. Different species would use these services in different ways, or adaptive strategies, which are sustained in time by continuous innovations. Using this framework, we postulate a model for a biological species ( Homo sapiens ) in a finite world where innovations, aimed at increasing the flux of ecosystem services (a measure of habitat quality), increase with population size, and have positive effects on the generation of new innovations (positive feedback) as well as costs in terms of negatively affecting the provision of ecosystem services. We applied this model to human populations, where technological innovations are driven by cumulative cultural evolution. Our model shows that depending on the net impact of a technology on the provision of ecosystem services ( θ ), and the strength of technological feedback ( ξ ), different regimes can result. Among them, the human population can fill the entire planet while maximizing their well-being, but not exhaust ecosystem services. However, this outcome requires positive or green technologies that increase the provision of ecosystem services with few negative externalities or environmental costs, and that have a strong positive feedback in generating new technologies of the same kind. If the feedback is small, then the technological stock can collapse together with the human population. Scenarios where technological innovations generate net negative impacts may be associated with a limited technological stock as well as a limited human population at equilibrium and the potential for collapse. The only way to fill the planet with humans under this scenario of negative technologies is by reducing the technological stock to a minimum. Otherwise, the only feasible equilibrium is associated with population collapse. Our model points out that technological innovations per se may not help humans to grow and dominate the planet. Instead, different possibilities unfold for our future depending on their impact on the environment and on further innovation. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Process and pattern in innovations from cells to societies’.

scholarly journals Hearts, desires and behavioural patterns: Debating human nature in ancient China

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Early China ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

AbstractThinkers in the Zhànguó period of Chinese history debated intensely whether men were by nature “good” or “bad”. This debate has for many years been an important focus of sinological interest, but usually these properties were not attributed to men, but rather to so-called “human nature” (xìng 性) – thus, in effect, mirroring well-known (and problematic) “European” positions and discussions. The aim of this paper is, on the one hand, to redirect attention to the original Zhànguó positions and to explore the reasons for their variance by offering novel and close historical readings of relevant passages, and on the other, to propose a viable historical reconstruction of the common anthropological assumptions underlying these positions by blending it with the traces of a dominant cognitive image present in the texts. This calls for a systematic rethinking of the role of hearts (in the plural), desires, and behavioural patterns in their interplay and as elements of a concept of the psychological build of human beings current in early China.

Digital Transformation in the Energy Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Emiliano Sola ◽  
Viviana D'Angelo ◽  
Francesca Capo
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Customer Experience ◽  
End Users ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One

In recent years, digital transformation has begun to significantly affect the business landscape, disrupting existing business models. In the midst of this revolution, oil and gas retail companies are experiencing a strong transformation of the whole industry, which is also driving the transformation of their processes, assets, and people. In this chapter, the authors explore how oil and gas retail companies are trying to redefine their business models by providing end-users with a wide range of smart and connected solutions. The main purpose of this work is to analyse, in the face of the digital transformation era, the potential that new technologies can unleash in mature and commoditized industries such as the one of oil and gas retail. In particular, the present work focuses on the digital transformation strategy of fuel retail companies based on the improvement of customer experience.

scholarly journals Access to human, animal, and environmental journals is still limited for the One Health community

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol E. Vreeland, DVM, MLS, AHIP ◽  
Kristine M. Alpi, MLS, MPH, AHIP ◽  
Caitlin A. Pike, MLS, AHIP ◽  
Elisabeth E. Whitman, MS ◽  
Suzanne Kennedy-Stoskopf, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACZM
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Seminar Series ◽  
Health Domains ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Objective: ‘‘One Health’’ is an interdisciplinary approach to evaluating and managing the health and well-being of humans, animals, and the environments they share that relies on knowledge from the domains of human health, animal health, and the environmental sciences. The authors’ objective was to evaluate the extent of open access (OA) to journal articles in a sample of literature from these domains. We hypothesized that OA to articles in human health or environmental journals was greater than access to animal health literature.Methods: A One Health seminar series provided fifteen topics. One librarian translated each topic into a search strategy and searched four databases for articles from 2011 to 2012. Two independent investigators assigned each article to human health, the environment, animal health, all, other, or combined categories. Article and journal-level OA were determined. Each journal was also assigned a subject category and its indexing evaluated.Results: Searches retrieved 2,651 unique articles from 1,138 journals; 1,919 (72%) articles came from 406 journals that contributed more than 1 article. Seventy-seven (7%) journals dealt with all 3 One Health domains; the remaining journals represented human health 487 (43%), environment 172 (15%), animal health 141 (12%), and other/combined categories 261 (23%). The proportion of OA journals in animal health (40%) differed significantly from journals categorized as human (28%), environment (28%), and more than 1 category (29%). The proportion of OA for articles by subject categories ranged from 25%–34%; only the difference between human (34%) and environment (25%) was significant.Conclusions: OA to human health literature is more comparable to animal health than hypothesized. Environmental journals had less OA than anticipated.

Positive Technology for Helping People Cope with Stress

2016 ◽  
pp. 316-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Villani ◽  
Pietro Cipresso ◽  
Andrea Gaggioli ◽  
Giuseppe Riva
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
General Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
The One

The emerging convergence of new technologies and health care is offering a new approach to support effective interventions. This chapter aims to describe how Positive Technology can help people cope with stress in several contexts. On the one hand, the potential capacity of sensor technologies to offer individuals the technology with which to monitor certain biological signals known to be associated with stress might serve to promote engagement with a mediated experience for stress management. On the other hand, the chapter focuses on the hedonic and eudaimonic experiences supported by technology in terms of inducing positive affective states and supporting personal growth by teaching strategies to reduce stress and enhance well-being. To further connect mediated experiences with real ones, the Interreality approach (IR) allows for the combination of assessment and intervention as inseparable parts of the general process of coping with stress.

Diagnosing drought for dealing with drought in 3D: Toolbox for increasing drought preparedness in north-east Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter van Oel ◽  
Sarra Kchouk ◽  
Germano Ribeiro Neto ◽  
Louise Cavalcante ◽  
Francisco de Sousa Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
North East ◽  
Basin Scale

<p>Drought affects more people than any other hazard today, and its impact is likely to further increase. Yet, means to induce, aggravate or alleviate drought are also in human hands. People’s use of water, water management, and trade have consequences for spatiotemporal patterns of drought. For example, technologies for managing water supply and demand may create new vulnerabilities or interrupt supplies elsewhere. To manage drought better, human influences on drought must be better understood. Current frameworks for drought monitoring and water accounting focus on the natural boundary conditions and therefore offer little help in distilling human influences on drought. Therefore this project combines insights from socio-hydrology and water management to produce an entirely new approach, incorporating the study of water-related human dimensions, socio-hydrological dynamics, and the structuring of dialogues among actors. Tools based on the knowledge generated will empower actors to take timely and informed actions for anticipating and responding to drought. As such, lessons learnt from past droughts will be used to promote sustainable water management, enhance food security, and foster inclusive development. From 2019 a team of experts is working together in this 4-year project to make the urgently required progress by developing tools to adequately deal with drought and water scarcity. The project develops and tests the integrated, participatory 3D Drought Diagnosis (3DDD) toolbox. We investigate nested scale levels, related to local water resources and virtual-water transfers together with actor networks of users, managers, traders, and policymakers. Test case is the poor, drought-affected north-east of Brazil. The 3DDD toolbox should eventually enable existing drought monitors to provide contextualized information in drought-affected regions worldwide. Our interdisciplinary approach is innovative in three ways:</p><p>1) The innovative downstreamness concept (Van Oel et al. 2018) is used to evaluate spatiotemporal variations in drought impacts and the spatiotemporally-explicit effects of human activities. The downstreamness concept depicts the distribution of resources or activities in a river basin over space and time. The current project will further develop the downstreamness concept, to evaluate the effects of adoption of new technologies (solar pumps for irrigation, low-cost drip technologies, and artificial recharge of aquifers) on drought and its socioeconomic impacts with regard to the equitable distribution of prosperity and well-being.</p><p>2) We will evaluate basin-scale drought evolution using empirical agent-based modelling. Since contextual relativism is regarded critically, model parameterization, calibration, and validation will benefit from our participatory modelling</p><p>3) Rather than developing these important innovations in isolation, we will integrate them to yield actionable knowledge for marginalized groups, farmers, water managers, supply-chain actors, and others.</p><p><strong>References<br></strong>Van Oel, Pieter R., Eduardo S. P. R. Martins, Alexandre C. Costa, Niko Wanders, and Henny A. J. Van Lanen. 2018. 'Diagnosing drought using the downstreamness concept: the effect of reservoir networks on drought evolution', Hydrological Sciences Journal, 63: 979-90</p>

scholarly journals INCERTIDUMBRE Y MALESTAR SUBJETIVO EN CHILE: UNA RADIOGRAFÍA A LA INSEGURIDAD HUMANA COMO FENÓMENO MULTIDIMENSIONAL

PARADIGMA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 171-198
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodríguez Garcés ◽  
Geraldo Padilla Fuentes ◽  
Javier Ávila Bascuñán
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Subjective Discomfort

La inseguridad de la ciudadanía va más allá de lo delictivo, abarcando múltiples dimensiones de la vida social contemporánea; la raíz compartida es la incertidumbre, el sentirse vulnerable. Bajo tal premisa, este artículo analiza la situación de inseguridad ciudadana desde un enfoque multidimensional, enfatizando la perspectiva humana del riesgo percibido. Para esto se utilizan los datos de la encuesta de Bienestar Subjetivo aplicada por el PNUD en Chile el año 2011. Entre los resultados destacan tres hallazgos. Primero, la sensación de vulnerabilidad se encuentra ampliamente extendida entre personas y dimensiones; segundo, los Ingresos, la Salud, y la Delincuencia se posicionan con notabilidad las productoras de inseguridad, y en menor medida el Trabajo y la Educación. Las conclusiones apuntan en dos direcciones aparentemente contradictorias, y es que, por una parte, pese a los intentos por mitigar su extensión, la inseguridad se ha masificado entre públicos y, por otra, si bien las problemáticas responsables de la incertidumbre son inherentes al colectivo, los ciudadanos asumen sus consecuencias individualmente.Palabras clave: Bienestar subjetivo, Salud, Educación, Inseguridad ciudadana, Perspectiva multidimensional.UNCERTAINTY AND SUBJECTIVE DISCOMFORT IN CHILE: RADIOGRAPHY TO THE HUMAN INSECURITY AS A MULTIDIMENSIONAL PHENOMENONAbstractThe insecurity of citizenship goes beyond crime, covering multiple dimensions of social life; the common root is uncertainty, the feeling of vulnerability. In this sense, this article analyzes the situation of citizen insecurity from a multidimensional approach, reviewing the human perspective of perceived risk. The data from the Subjective Wellbeing survey applied by UNDP in Chile in 2011. The results include two findings. First, the feeling of vulnerability is widespread among people and dimensions; second, Income, Health and Crime are positioned notably as producers of insecurity, and to a lesser extent, Work and Education. The conclusions go in two seemingly contradictory directions; on the one hand, despite attempts to mitigate its extension, insecurity has become widespread among audiences; on the other, although the issues responsible for uncertainty are inherent in the collective, citizens assume their consequences individually.Key Words: Subjective well-being, Health, Education, citizen insecurity, Multidimensional perspective.

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