Extensive Exploration of Ayurvedic Herbs to Prioritize Anti-Viral Drugs Alike Phytochemicals Against SARS-CoV-2 Using Network Pharmacology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Choudhary ◽  
Vikram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba ◽  
Regulate Protein ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Promising Source

<div>The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which emerged in Wuhan, China, is continuously spreading worldwide, creating a huge burden on public health and economy. Currently, no specific vaccine or drug exists against SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19. Ayurveda, the oldest healing-schema of Traditional Indian Medicinal (TIM) system, is considered as a promising CAM therapy to combat various diseases and disorders. To explore the regulatory mechanisms of 7,258 Ayurvedic herbs (AHs) against SARS-CoV-2, in this study, multi-targeting and synergistic actions of the constituent 34,472 phytochemicals (APCs) are investigated using a comprehensive approach comprising of network-pharmacology and molecular docking. By evaluating 292 APCs having high-level of similarity with anti-viral drugs in DrugBank for their binding affinity against 24 SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we develop and analyze a high confidence “Bi-regulatory network” of 115 APCs having ability to regulate protein targets in both virus and its host human-system. Immunomodulatory prospects of the antiviral drugs alike potentially effective phytochemicals (PEPs) are presented as a special case study, highlighting the importance of 6 AHs (Zea mays, Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Thlaspi arvense, Calophyllum inophyllum, Ziziphus jujuba) in eliciting the antiviral immunity at initial stages of infection. The mechanistic actions of PEPs against cardiovascular complications, diabetes mellitus and hypertension are also investigated to address the regulatory potential of Ayurvedic herbs in dealing with COVID-19 associated comorbidities. The study further reports 12 PEPs as promising source of COVID-19 comorbidity regulators.</div>

scholarly journals Extensive Exploration of Ayurvedic Herbs to Prioritize Anti-Viral Drugs Alike Phytochemicals Against SARS-CoV-2 Using Network Pharmacology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Choudhary ◽  
Vikram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Ziziphus Jujuba ◽  
Regulate Protein ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Promising Source

<div>The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which emerged in Wuhan, China, is continuously spreading worldwide, creating a huge burden on public health and economy. Currently, no specific vaccine or drug exists against SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19. Ayurveda, the oldest healing-schema of Traditional Indian Medicinal (TIM) system, is considered as a promising CAM therapy to combat various diseases and disorders. To explore the regulatory mechanisms of 7,258 Ayurvedic herbs (AHs) against SARS-CoV-2, in this study, multi-targeting and synergistic actions of the constituent 34,472 phytochemicals (APCs) are investigated using a comprehensive approach comprising of network-pharmacology and molecular docking. By evaluating 292 APCs having high-level of similarity with anti-viral drugs in DrugBank for their binding affinity against 24 SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we develop and analyze a high confidence “Bi-regulatory network” of 115 APCs having ability to regulate protein targets in both virus and its host human-system. Immunomodulatory prospects of the antiviral drugs alike potentially effective phytochemicals (PEPs) are presented as a special case study, highlighting the importance of 6 AHs (Zea mays, Cucurbita maxima, Pisum sativum, Thlaspi arvense, Calophyllum inophyllum, Ziziphus jujuba) in eliciting the antiviral immunity at initial stages of infection. The mechanistic actions of PEPs against cardiovascular complications, diabetes mellitus and hypertension are also investigated to address the regulatory potential of Ayurvedic herbs in dealing with COVID-19 associated comorbidities. The study further reports 12 PEPs as promising source of COVID-19 comorbidity regulators.</div>

scholarly journals COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: a review of current knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aastha Pal ◽  
Ashok Kumar Ahirwar ◽  
Apurva Sakarde ◽  
Priyanka Asia ◽  
Niranjan Gopal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cardiovascular Complication ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
High Level

Abstract The uncontrolled spread of the COVID-19 pandemic which originated in China created a global turmoil. While the world is still busy figuring out a cure for the deadly disease, scientists worked out on many theories and conducted several studies to establish a relationship between the infection and other known diseases. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the major complications of this infection after the respiratory manifestations. Individuals with cardiovascular complication are said to be more susceptible to acquiring the infection because the novel coronavirus uses the ACE2 receptor for its entry inside the cell and there is a high level of ACE2 expression in individuals with cardiovascular complications because of the enzyme’s anti-hypertrophic, anti-fibrotic and anti-hypertensive effects on the heart. Individuals who belong to the older age group are also more susceptible. Knowing the above information, it might seem that using ACE2 inhibitors would help to slow or prevent the entry of the novel coronavirus but it would also at the same time prove to have deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system as the protective functions of ACE2 would be lost. While the search for a cure still continues it has been stated many a times that the conditions might worsen with time and the only way to keep ourselves and our family safe would be to follow the appropriate social distancing methods and get a COVID test if we experience any of the major symptoms.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Cavitation – An Under-recognized Late Complication of Severe COVID-19 Lung Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid Zoumot ◽  
Maria-Fernanda Bonilla ◽  
Ali S. Wahla ◽  
Irfan Shafiq ◽  
Mateen Uzbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Late Complication ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background: Pulmonary radiological findings of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been well documented and range from scattered ground-glass infiltrates in milder cases to confluent ground-glass change, dense consolidation, and crazy paving in the critically ill. However, lung cavitation has not been commonly described in these patients. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of pulmonary cavitation in patients with COVID-19 and describe its characteristics and evolution.Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all patients admitted to our institution with COVID-19 and reviewed electronic medical records and imaging to identify patients who developed pulmonary cavitation.Results: Twelve out of 689 (1.7%) patients admitted to our institution with COVID-19 developed pulmonary cavitation, comprising 3.3% (n=12/359) of patients who developed COVID-19 pneumonia, and 11% (n=12/110) of those admitted to the intensive care unit. We describe the imaging characteristics of the cavitation and present the clinical, pharmacological, laboratory, and microbiological parameters for these patients. In this cohort six patients have died, two are recovering in hospital and four have been discharged home. Conclusion: Cavitary lung disease in patients with severe COVID-19 disease is not uncommon, and is associated with a high level of morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Targeting the sAC-Dependent cAMP Pool to Prevent SARS-Cov-2 Infection

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1962
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aslam ◽  
Yury Ladilov
Keyword(s):  
Endocytic Pathway ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Late Endosomes ◽  
Proven Efficacy ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
High Level

An outbreak of the novel coronavirus (CoV) SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 respiratory disease, infected millions of people since the end of 2019, led to high-level morbidity and mortality and caused worldwide social and economic disruption. There are currently no antiviral drugs available with proven efficacy or vaccines for its prevention. An understanding of the underlying cellular mechanisms involved in virus replication is essential for repurposing the existing drugs and/or the discovery of new ones. Endocytosis is the important mechanism of entry of CoVs into host cells. Endosomal maturation followed by the fusion with lysosomes are crucial events in endocytosis. Late endosomes and lysosomes are characterized by their acidic pH, which is generated by a proton transporter V-ATPase and required for virus entry via endocytic pathway. The cytoplasmic cAMP pool produced by soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) promotes V-ATPase recruitment to endosomes/lysosomes and thus their acidification. In this review, we discuss targeting the sAC-specific cAMP pool as a potential strategy to impair the endocytic entry of the SARS-CoV-2 into the host cell. Furthermore, we consider the potential impact of sAC inhibition on CoV-induced disease via modulation of autophagy and apoptosis.

scholarly journals Student-Designed Cross-Sectional Pandemic Knowledge Survey of 8th−12th Grade Students, Milwaukee, WI, April 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krish Vasudev ◽  
Hersh Singh ◽  
August A. Neumann ◽  
William M Zhao ◽  
Lyle Dominic Pelayo Mondano
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Web Based ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Twelfth Grade ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Knowledge Survey

Background: The novel coronavirus and its effect on our society are unprecedented. Given the recent pandemic, numerous measures have been taken to protect our communities. We sought to understand our school community's knowledge and the measures that were taken by our school for our safety.Objective: Our objective was to describe the overall understanding and attitudes of 8–12th grade students from a single institution during the initial phase of the Wisconsin's Governor's stay-at-home order.Methods: A voluntary web-based survey was communicated to 8–12th grade students through their online school portal. Data were collected and analyzed using SurveyMonkey.Results: There was a 20.2% response rate. Answers regarding the coronavirus, spread, and response to the coronavirus pandemic showed a high level of understanding of the virus and the actions necessary to prevent its spread.Conclusion: Eight-twelfth grade students have a high level of understanding of the virus, its effects, and the safety measures implemented to protect society.

scholarly journals The methods of training of the Patrol-Guard Service officers in the midst of the novel coronavirus infection

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Maxim Yurevich Koynov
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Distance Teaching ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
High Level

The research subject is the methods of practical training of the Patrol-Guard Service officers via in-person learning and the inclusion of the distance learning techniques in the midst of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The research object is legal relations emerging in the process of formation of new educational methods in the midst of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The author analyzes the situation in the educational sphere connected with the use of various elements of in-person and distance teaching of the Patrol-Guard Service officers. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the consideration of elements of in-person and distance learning and in searching for the balance between these types of learning, and in the formation of the concept of blended learning and the analysis of its effectiveness in the current situation. The author&rsquo;s contribution to the study of the topic is the analysis of the possibility to integrate blended learning and theoretical distance learning at the first stage, and practical in-person learning at the second stage into the system of block-module-based education used at the educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The author concludes that the use of the blended method of teaching allows achieving a high-level of training of the Patrol-Guard Service officers in the period of restrictions caused by the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19).&nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals The Importance of Building Community Trust for Sustained Malaria Elimination Interventions During Unforeseen Major Disruptive Events Such as COVID-19: A Cambodia Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Feldman ◽  
Lieven Vernaeve ◽  
James Tibenderana ◽  
Leo Braack ◽  
Mark Debackere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
The Novel ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Impressive progress in reducing malaria trends combined with the 2018 report of no malaria related deaths for the first time, puts Cambodia well on track to reaching its malaria elimination goals. However, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a potential challenge to this goal. The path towards malaria elimination is dependent on sustained interventions to prevent rapid resurgence, which can quickly set back any gains achieved. Methods Mobile Malaria Workers (MMWs) need to have a strong understanding of the local geography and, most importantly, build and maintain trust among the communities they serve. To achieve this, Malaria Consortium uses a peer-to-peer approach for the MMWs and ensures the same level of trust operates between the MMWs and Malaria Consortium. Malaria Consortium’s policy during COVID-19 has been to follow national guidelines while continuing to support community-based malaria services via the MMWs / mobile malaria posts (MPs) with as minimal disruption as possible. A risk assessment was carried out by Malaria Consortium, with a mitigation plan quickly developed and implemented, to ensure MMWs were able to continue providing services without putting themselves or their patients at risk. Results Malaria Consortium ensured the MMW/ mobile MP program is built on trust, relevance to, and connection with the communities being served. An overall decline in malaria testing was reported from Health Centres and VMWs among all three provinces in March and April, not seen in previous years and possibly attributable to fear of COVID-19. However, Malaria Consortium supported MMWs have not reported any such decline in the utilization of their services and attribute this to the trust they have among the communities. Conclusion Malaria Consortium has effectively demonstrated care and solidarity with and among the MMWs and communities being served. This has ensured a high level of trust, and therefore willingness among the MMWs and communities to continue providing and utilising malaria services as usual despite the fear of COVID-19. Building trust among rural communities builds resilience and ensures uninterrupted and effective malaria elimination activities can continue even during a potential extraneous disruptive force, such as the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Management of Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Device during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Medicina ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Gassan Moady ◽  
Tuvia Ben Gal ◽  
Shaul Atar
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Assist Device ◽  
Ventricular Assist Device ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Assist Device ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Management Of Complications ◽  
Left Ventricular Assist ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with multi-organ involvement, including the cardiovascular system. The disease may cause several cardiovascular complications, and may increase morbidity and mortality among patients with background cardiovascular disease. Patients with advanced heart failure are often treated with left ventricular assist device (LVAD), and represent a unique population mandating multi-disciplinary approach. Several aspects of COVID-19 should be taken into account in LVAD implants, including right ventricular involvement, hemodynamic alterations, thromboembolic and haemorrhagic complications, and the psychological effects of social isolation. Patients with VAD and suspected COVID-19 should be transferred to specialized centers for better management of complications. Here, we review the implications of COVID-19 pandemic on LVAD patients with our recommendations for appropriate management.

scholarly journals Pulmonary cavitation: an under-recognized late complication of severe COVID-19 lung disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid Zoumot ◽  
Maria-Fernanda Bonilla ◽  
Ali S. Wahla ◽  
Irfan Shafiq ◽  
Mateen Uzbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Late Complication ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Pulmonary radiological findings of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been well documented and range from scattered ground-glass infiltrates in milder cases to confluent ground-glass change, dense consolidation, and crazy paving in the critically ill. However, lung cavitation has not been commonly described in these patients. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of pulmonary cavitation in patients with COVID-19 and describe its characteristics and evolution. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of all patients admitted to our institution with COVID-19 and reviewed electronic medical records and imaging to identify patients who developed pulmonary cavitation. Results Twelve out of 689 (1.7%) patients admitted to our institution with COVID-19 developed pulmonary cavitation, comprising 3.3% (n = 12/359) of patients who developed COVID-19 pneumonia, and 11% (n = 12/110) of those admitted to the intensive care unit. We describe the imaging characteristics of the cavitation and present the clinical, pharmacological, laboratory, and microbiological parameters for these patients. In this cohort six patients have died, and six discharged home. Conclusion Cavitary lung disease in patients with severe COVID-19 disease is not uncommon, and is associated with a high level of morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Sterols and Triterpenes: Antiviral     Potential Supported by In-Silico Analysis

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Nourhan Hisham Shady ◽  
Khayrya A. Youssif ◽  
Ahmed M. Sayed ◽  
Lassaad Belbahri ◽  
Tomasz Oszako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Silico Analysis

The acute respiratory syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) caused severe panic all over the world. The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has already brought massive human suffering and major economic disruption and unfortunately, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19 so far. Herbal medicines and purified natural products can provide a rich resource for novel antiviral drugs. Therefore, in this review, we focused on the sterols and triterpenes as potential candidates derived from natural sources with well-reported in vitro efficacy against numerous types of viruses. Moreover, we compiled from these reviewed compounds a library of 162 sterols and triterpenes that was subjected to a computer-aided virtual screening against the active sites of the recently reported SARS-CoV-2 protein targets. Interestingly, the results suggested some compounds as potential drug candidates for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.

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