Changes in the intestinal microbiota as a risk factor for dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and the role of probiotics in their prevention

The review presents an analysis of studies on the role of the intestinal microbiota and microbiome in lipid metabolism and the development of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The role of the intestine as a metabolic organ with a multifactorial strain evolution, involved in lipid metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis and enterohepatic circulation is shown. The influence of microbial imbalance on the development of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis is considered. Special attention is paid to preventive therapy with hypolipidemic probiotics. It is shown that the use of probiotics with hypolipidemic properties and consisting of a mixture of such strains asLactobacillus plantarumCECT7527, CET7528 and CECT7529, mixtures ofLactobacillus acidophilusLa-5,Bifidobacterium lactisBB-12,Bifidobacterium animalis lactisBB-12 contribute to reducing the level of LDL-C, CCS, TG, are safe and well tolerated, can be used as an adjuvant non-drug therapy in combination with hypolipidemic drugs for dyslipidemia, multifocal atherosclerosis.

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Homocysteine as a Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis: Is Its Conversion toS-Adenosyl-L-Homocysteine the Key to Deregulated Lipid Metabolism?

Journal of Lipids ◽

10.1155/2011/702853 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Oksana Tehlivets

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Sterol Synthesis ◽

Unfolded Protein ◽

Strong Product ◽

The Unfolded Protein Response ◽

Protein Response

Homocysteine (Hcy) has been recognized for the past five decades as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, the role of Hcy in the pathological changes associated with atherosclerosis as well as the pathological mechanisms triggered by Hcy accumulation is poorly understood. Due to the reversal of the physiological direction of the reaction catalyzed byS-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase Hcy accumulation leads to the synthesis ofS-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (AdoHcy). AdoHcy is a strong product inhibitor ofS-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet)-dependent methyltransferases, and to date more than 50 AdoMet-dependent methyltransferases that methylate a broad spectrum of cellular compounds including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids have been identified. Phospholipid methylation is the major consumer of AdoMet, both in mammals and in yeast. AdoHcy accumulation induced either by Hcy supplementation or due toS-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase deficiency results in inhibition of phospholipid methylation in yeast. Moreover, yeast cells accumulating AdoHcy also massively accumulate triacylglycerols (TAG). Similarly, Hcy supplementation was shown to lead to increased TAG and sterol synthesis as well as to the induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in mammalian cells. In this review a model of deregulation of lipid metabolism in response to accumulation of AdoHcy in Hcy-associated pathology is proposed.

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ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN LIPID METABOLISM

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i4.23953 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Khrystyna Kvit ◽

Viacheslav Kharchenko

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Published Data ◽

Long Time ◽

Lipid Balance ◽

The Relationship

Researchers have studied the connection between cholesterol and microbiota for a long time. The results of widely published data demonstrate that the relationship between the lipid balance of the blood and the composition of the intestinal microbiota is apparent. The oblective of this study was, we tried to find the path through which this connection is carried out. Furthermore, the aim was to analyze the studies, which demonstrate the decrease of blood lipids as the result of different prebiotics and probiotics prescribtion. Also, the screening of different data from previous years was done for comparing the changes in the pathogenesis.

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Liver X receptors in immune cell function in humans

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20150112 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 752-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Kirsty E. Waddington ◽

Elizabeth C. Jury ◽

Inés Pineda-Torra

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Cell Function ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽

Liver X Receptors ◽

Inflammatory Stimuli ◽

X Receptors ◽

Species Specific

The liver X receptors (LXRs), LXRα and LXRβ, are transcription factors with well-established roles in the regulation of lipid metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. In addition, LXRs influence innate and adaptive immunity, including responses to inflammatory stimuli, proliferation and differentiation, migration, apoptosis and survival. However, the majority of work describing the role of LXRs in immune cells has been carried out in mouse models, and there are a number of known species-specific differences concerning LXR function. Here we review what is known about the role of LXRs in human immune cells, demonstrating the importance of these receptors in the integration of lipid metabolism and immune function, but also highlighting the need for a better understanding of the species, isoform, and cell-type specific effects of LXR activation.

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Intestinal microbiota – a new risk factor in cardiovascular diseases

Siberian medical review ◽

10.20333/25000136-2021-4-26-33 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 26-33

Author(s):

I.N. Lyapina ◽

◽

P.N. Zavyrylina ◽

L.V. Nacheva ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Human Microbiome ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Mechanisms Of Development ◽

Pharmacologically Active

Th e search for new mechanisms of development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains relevant. In recent times, signifi cant attention has been drawn to investigation of the role of intestinal microbiota as a risk factor in different of metabolic disorders and CVD development. In pathological conditions, microbiota may act as an independent factor defi ning the adverse prognosis of the disease, exert infl uence on drug metabolism and facilitate production of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites capable of inducing side eff ects. Th is review presents data on the connection between intestinal dysbiosis and arterial hypertension and chronic heart failure and also discusses methods and new developments aimed at dysbiosis correction. Attention is focused on important aspects of personalised therapy for patients with consideration for the infl uence of human microbiome on individual variability of the reaction to medicinal products. In light of the high incidence and mortality of CVD, active studying of intestinal microbiota and the search for means of dysbiosis correction will make it possible to obtain additional tools for management of the risks of cardiovascular pathology development.

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Glucose disposal and lipid metabolism in man: role of thyroid hormones

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.117s130-a ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 117 (4_Suppl) ◽

pp. S130-S131

Author(s):

M. J. MÜLLER ◽

A. G. BURGER ◽

E. JEQUIER ◽

K.J. ACHESON

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Glucose Disposal

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The role of hepatic 11[b]-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in cholesterol homeostasis

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.31.p181 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Kajal Manwani ◽

Tak Y Man ◽

Christopher J Kenyon ◽

Ruth Andrew ◽

Karen E Chapman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽

Cholesterol Homeostasis

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Genetic background of cholesterol absorption efficacy. The role of Niemann–Pick C1-like 1 receptor and its genetic variation in lipid metabolism

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2010.28933 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 151 (34) ◽

pp. 1376-1383 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mariann Harangi ◽

István Balogh ◽

János Harangi ◽

György Paragh

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Cholesterol Absorption ◽

Niemann Pick

A Niemann–Pick C1-like-1 egy szterolfelismerő domént tartalmazó membránfehérje, amelyet nagy számban expresszálnak csúcsi felszínükön a bélhámsejtek. Az utóbbi évek vizsgálatai azt igazolták, hogy ez a fehérje szükséges a szabad koleszterin bejutásához a bélhámsejtekbe a bél lumenéből. Biokémiai vizsgálatok azt igazolták, hogy a Niemann–Pick C1-like-1-hez kötődik az ezetimib, amely egy hatékony koleszterinfelszívódást gátló szer. A bélből történő koleszterinfelszívódás ütemében és az ezetimibkezelés hatékonyságában tapasztalt egyéni eltérések hátterében felmerült néhány Niemann–Pick C1-like-1 génvariáció oki szerepe.

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