scholarly journals Intestinal microbiota – a new risk factor in cardiovascular diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
I.N. Lyapina ◽  
◽  
P.N. Zavyrylina ◽  
L.V. Nacheva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Th e search for new mechanisms of development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains relevant. In recent times, signifi cant attention has been drawn to investigation of the role of intestinal microbiota as a risk factor in different of metabolic disorders and CVD development. In pathological conditions, microbiota may act as an independent factor defi ning the adverse prognosis of the disease, exert infl uence on drug metabolism and facilitate production of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites capable of inducing side eff ects. Th is review presents data on the connection between intestinal dysbiosis and arterial hypertension and chronic heart failure and also discusses methods and new developments aimed at dysbiosis correction. Attention is focused on important aspects of personalised therapy for patients with consideration for the infl uence of human microbiome on individual variability of the reaction to medicinal products. In light of the high incidence and mortality of CVD, active studying of intestinal microbiota and the search for means of dysbiosis correction will make it possible to obtain additional tools for management of the risks of cardiovascular pathology development.

Role of intestinal microbiota in cardiovascular diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
R. A. FAYZULLINA ◽  
◽  
K. A. SAFINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota

scholarly journals A Review of the Role of the Intestinal Microbiota in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2072
Author(s):  
Phoebe Lin ◽  
Scott M. McClintic ◽  
Urooba Nadeem ◽  
Dimitra Skondra
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Apo E ◽  
Dry Amd

Blindness from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an escalating problem, yet AMD pathogenesis is incompletely understood and treatments are limited. The intestinal microbiota is highly influential in ocular and extraocular diseases with inflammatory components, such as AMD. This article reviews data supporting the role of the intestinal microbiota in AMD pathogenesis. Multiple groups have found an intestinal dysbiosis in advanced AMD. There is growing evidence that environmental factors associated with AMD progression potentially work through the intestinal microbiota. A high-fat diet in apo-E-/- mice exacerbated wet and dry AMD features, presumably through changes in the intestinal microbiome, though other independent mechanisms related to lipid metabolism are also likely at play. AREDS supplementation reversed some adverse intestinal microbial changes in AMD patients. Part of the mechanism of intestinal microbial effects on retinal disease progression is via microbiota-induced microglial activation. The microbiota are at the intersection of genetics and AMD. Higher genetic risk was associated with lower intestinal bacterial diversity in AMD. Microbiota-induced metabolite production and gene expression occur in pathways important in AMD pathogenesis. These studies suggest a crucial link between the intestinal microbiota and AMD pathogenesis, thus providing a novel potential therapeutic target. Thus, the need for large longitudinal studies in patients and germ-free or gnotobiotic animal models has never been more pressing.

scholarly journals The role of nonesterified fatty acids in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Tsvetkova ◽  
V. N. Khirmanov ◽  
N. N. Zybina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Sudden Death

The paper reviews publications concerned the role of nonesterifi ed fatty acids (NEFA) in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. NEFAs are four and more carbons chain length carbonic acids and they are presented in free form (nonesterifi ed) in human body. Plasma NEFAs are produced by the adipose tissue triglyceride lipolysis, another source are lipoproteins such as chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins and intermediate density lipoproteins. Elevated NEFA concentrations in plasma are the risk factor of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus and the independent risk factor of hypertension and sudden death. NEFA plasma concentration is elevated in atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, and often in metabolic syndrome. A probable cause of NEFAs accumulation in plasma may be overeating and low physical activity, which result in increase of adipose tissue mass, lipolysis intensifi cation and elevation of NEFAs concentration in plasma. The role of elevated plasma NEFA concentration in a number of conditions (abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, endothelial dysfunction, vascular infl ammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, rhythm disturbances, sudden death) and possible ways of their correction are discussed.

scholarly journals Disturbances of intestinal microbiota in autism spectrum disorders: new horizons in search for pathogenetic approaches to therapy. Рart 3. Рotential strategies of influence on gut-brain axis for correction of symptoms of autism spectrum disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338
Author(s):  
A. S. Blagonravova ◽  
T. V. Zhilyaeva ◽  
D. V. Kvashnina
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Published Data ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Further Development

The third part of the literature review on the role of intestinal microbiota disturbances in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is devoted to the analysis of published literature on possible interventional approaches for intestinal microbiota in ASD and the evaluation of the effectiveness of various types of interventions that have been studied in experiment and in clinical practice. Presented are available data on the possibility of correcting the intestinal microbiota in ASD with diet, taking pre- and probiotics, antibiotic therapy, as well as the effectiveness of transplantation of intestinal microbiota. An analysis of published data suggests that further development of approaches for correcting intestinal dysbiosis in ASD may provide safe and probably effective strategy for behavioral symptoms, but this requires further randomized controlled trials to confirm efficacy and safety from the perspective of evidence-based medicine, since available to date studies are small and scattered, and therefore they can only be considered preliminary.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk factors in rural areas: case of the Mabayi health district hospital in Burundi

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Eugène Ndirahisha ◽  
Patrice Barasukana ◽  
Joseph Nyandwi ◽  
Sébastien Manirakiza ◽  
Rhamadhan Nyandwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Mountainous Region ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Relevance . Noncommunicable diseases are a serious public health problem due to their high incidence and mortality rate. Globally, noncommunicable diseases cause 41 million deaths every year, accounting for 71% of the total number of deaths. Cardiovascular diseases, accounting for 44% of all noncommunicable diseases, are the leading causes of death. Early identification of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and treatment of associated diseases are a prerequisite for maintaining the health of the population. Objective: To identify the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients living in rural areas of the mountainous region and attending the Mabayi District Hospital in Burundi. Patients and Methods . An open-label retrospective study conducted at the Mabayi District Hospital in Burundi from January 2014 to December 2017. The study included patients whose medical examination revealed at least one risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Kamenge University Hospital and the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Burundi. Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Word 2007 and Epi-Info TM 7.2.1.0 software. Results and Discussion . Among the 20 297 examined patients, the average age was 50 16.7 years, the extreme values were 14 and 101 years. Male patients accounted for 51.1%. 903 patients (4.5%) had at least one risk factor. The main risk factors were high blood pressure (52.6%), diabetes (42.0%) and alcohol abuse (27.4%). Conclusion . Residents of rural areas of the mountainous region of Burundi have a high frequency of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which must be taken into account when organizing medical and preventive measures to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Blastocystis and its Association with Intestinal Dysbiosis in Clinically Healthy and Metabolically Ill Subjects.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Muñoz-Yañez ◽  
Alejandra Méndez-Hernández ◽  
Alondra Martínez-Sandoval ◽  
María Aurora Maravilla-Domínguez ◽  
Soraya Amalí Zavaleta-Muñiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Prevalent Subtype ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background: Blastocystis is a typical anaerobic colon protist in humans with controversial pathogenicity and has relation with alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition (dysbiosis), whose indicator is the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio); this indicator is also linked to complications such as diabetes, obesity, or inflammatory bowel disease. The present study investigated the prevalence of Blastocystis and its association with intestinal dysbiosis in healthy and metabolic diseased subjects.Methods: Fecal and blood samples were collected consecutively from 200 healthy subjects, and 84 with diseased metabolic subjects; Blastocystis and its most frequent subtypes were identified by end-point PCR and the two most representative phyla of the intestinal microbiota Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes by real-time PCR.Results: The prevalence of Blastocystis in healthy subjects was 47.0%, and 65.48 % in subjects with metabolic disease; the most prevalent subtype in the total population was ST3 (28.38 %), followed by ST1 (14.86 %), ST4, ST5, and ST7 (each one of them with 14.19 % respectively), and finally ST2 (8.78 %). The low F/B ratio that characterizes intestinal dysbiosis was associated with the prevalence of Blastocystis in the two cohorts FACSA (OR = 3.78 P <0.05) and UNEME (OR = 4.29 p <0.05). Regarding the subtype level, an association between the FACSA cohort ST1 and ST7 with intestinal dysbiosis was found (OR = 3.99 and 5.44 p <0.05, respectively).Conclusions: The predatory role of Blastocystis over Firmicutes phylum is evident in both cohorts since it was observed that the abundance of the beneficial bacterial group's Bacteroidetes increases in the groups colonized by this eukaryote and, therefore, may have a beneficial effect.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Interconnection Patterns Across Lung Microbiome, Respiratory Diseases, and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisavet Stavropoulou ◽  
Konstantia Kantartzi ◽  
Christina Tsigalou ◽  
Theocharis Konstantinidis ◽  
Chrissoula Voidarou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Lung Immunity

Albeit the lungs were thought to be sterile, recent scientific data reported a microbial microbiota in the lungs of healthy individuals. Apparently, new developments in technological approachesincluding genome sequencing methodologies contributed in the identification of the microbiota and shed light on the role of the gut and lung microbiomes in the development of respiratory diseases. Moreover, knowledge of the human microbiome in health may act as a tool for evaluating characteristic shifts in the case of disease. This review paper discusses the development of respiratory disease linked to the intestinal dysbiosis which influences the lung immunity and microbiome. The gastrointestinal–lung dialogue provides interesting aspects in the pathogenesis of the respiratory diseases. Lastly, we were further interested on the role of this interconnection in the progression and physiopathology of newly emergedCOVID-19.

scholarly journals Adipokines and Inflammation: Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Feijóo-Bandín ◽  
Alana Aragón-Herrera ◽  
Sandra Moraña-Fernández ◽  
Laura Anido-Varela ◽  
Estefanía Tarazón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Regulatory Functions

It is well established that adipose tissue, apart from its energy storage function, acts as an endocrine organ that produces and secretes a number of bioactive substances, including hormones commonly known as adipokines. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, mainly due to a low grade of inflammation and the excessive fat accumulation produced in this state. The adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity leads to an aberrant release of adipokines, some of them with direct cardiovascular and inflammatory regulatory functions. Inflammation is a common link between obesity and cardiovascular diseases, so this review will summarise the role of the main adipokines implicated in the regulation of the inflammatory processes occurring under the scenario of cardiovascular diseases.

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