scholarly journals Neuropharmacology of nicotine dependence

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 847-857
Author(s):  
Hamdan S. Al-malky
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Smoking Patterns ◽  
Neural Survival ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Ebsco Host

The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms is regarded as the key to mediating smoking relapse amongst smokers. The present study acknowledged the high relapse rates emerging from the inability to address the causes of powerful addiction effects besides identifying chronic disorders caused by nicotine. The present study explored nicotine addiction and its effects on different smoking patterns to provide an informative platform to design interventions that would deliver effective ways of quitting smoking. The study utilized systemic reviews on publications of previous studies obtained from scholarly journal databases, including PubMed, Medline, EBSCO Host, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. Moreover, the study used secondary information obtained from health organizations using filters and keywords to retrieve relevant information. The use of search keywords and filters limited the study to relevant peer-reviewed journals. The study utilized information retrieved from 35 studies obtained from peer-reviewed journals on “nicotine dependence,” “smoking cessation,” and “pharmacology of nicotine dependence and addiction.” The drug tolerance arising in nicotine dependence involved minimized tolerance often occurring during recurrent administration of drugs translated to neuroadaptation. The brain tends to develop challenges in the absence of nicotine, particularly when individuals quit smoking, thus compelling them to backslide from their abstinence. Higher nicotine dependence demotivates individuals from quitting smoking, making the cessation interventions unfruitful, worsened by the inability to understand the causative factors. The solution to overcome nicotine dependence alongside tobacco usage involves a complex treatment technique that would aim to reduce the probability of relapse. Nicotine dependence, Nicotine addiction, Tobacco addiction cycle, Neural survival, Pharmacology of nicotine

scholarly journals Tobacco chippers seeking assistance for smoking cessation: a case series

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-237
Author(s):  
Gabriel Natan Pires ◽  
Luciana Rizzieri Figueiró ◽  
Maristela Ferigolo ◽  
Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros ◽  
Denise Conceição Mesquita Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Perceived Health Status ◽  
Regular Group ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Therapy Interventions

OBJECTIVE: To describe a series of cases of tobacco chippers (TCs) who sought assistance for smoking cessation. DESCRIPTION OF CASES: We describe the case of three TCs who participated in a free quit-smoking support group. Smokers answered self-administered questionnaires covering sociodemographic data, smoking history, nicotine dependence, perceived health status, and motivational stages. Of the 183 smokers enrolled in the program, three (1.6%) were considered TCs. All three were women and reported alcohol use, although at low frequencies. Two of them reported the presence of potentially tobacco-related disease. All TCs presented light nicotine dependence and reported difficulties quitting smoking. All dropped out after the first group meeting. COMMENTS: This study describes a subgroup of smokers not extensively described in the literature: TCs seeking assistance for smoking cessation, with some degree of nicotine dependence, and who do not adhere to regular group therapy. Interventions aimed at this population may be an interesting strategy for smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Cigarette-smoking characteristics and interest in cessation in patients with head-and-neck cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S.C. Conlon ◽  
S.A. Santi ◽  
M.L. Meigs ◽  
S.M. Davidson ◽  
D. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Regional Cancer Centre

Purpose Many patients diagnosed with head-and-neck cancer are current or former smokers. Despite the well-known adverse effects of smoking, continuation of smoking during cancer treatment is associated with reduced efficacy of that treatment and with cancer recurrence. In the present study, we examined smoking characteristics in patients with head-and-neck cancer near the time of cancer treatment. Methods A prospective cohort of patients with head-and-neck cancer who attended a dental oncology clinic before receiving cancer treatment at a regional cancer centre were invited to participate in a study that involved completing an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess smoking characteristics, intention to quit, motivation to quit, and strategies perceived to potentially aid in successful cessation. Results The study enrolled 493 ever-smokers, with a response rate of 96.1% and a self-reported current smoker rate of 37.1% (n = 183). Most of the current smokers reported high nicotine dependence, with 84.7% (n = 155) indicating a time to first cigarette of 30 minutes or less. Most had previously attempted to quit smoking (77.0%), and many had prior unsuccessful quit attempts before resuming smoking again. Most were interested in quitting smoking (85.8%), and many (70.5%) were seriously considering quitting smoking within the subsequent 30 days. Conclusions Patients with head-and-neck cancer reported high nicotine dependence and high interest in cessation opportunities near the time of treatment for cancer. Those results might provide support for provision of smoking cessation opportunities.

scholarly journals Study on Factors Related to Home Quarantine and Smoking Behavior for People Trying to Quit Smoking in Beijing Communities during the Epidemic of COVID-19 Period and its Inspiration to Tobacco Control Policies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianying Jin ◽  
Kun Qiao ◽  
Han Liu ◽  
Hanqiao Ma ◽  
Xinyuan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Stay Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Psychological Mood

Abstract Background: To understand the quit smoking status of people trying to quit smoking in Beijing communities during the epidemic of COVID-19 period, analyze their changes in smoking behavior, relapse thought, nicotine dependence, willingness to quit smoking compared with before the epidemic, and correlation with home stay time, change in psychological mood and smoking status during independent home quarantine so as to provide reference for tobacco control and optimization of quitting smoking guidance service during normalization of epidemic prevention and control. Methods: To interview 388 people who are trying to quit smoking and involved in quitting smoking intervention service by one-to-one face interview before outbreak and one-to-one telephone survey during the epidemic period. The survey covers daily home stay time, psychological mood, tobacco use, nicotine dependence, and willingness to quit smoking. Adopt 1:2 propensity score matching, and take whether to consume quit smoking drugs and whether to participate in regular follow-ups as the matching conditions to control confounder. After matching, the c2 test, t test, and rank sum test were used to compare correlative factors such as smoking behavior change, relapse thought, nicotine dependence, and change in willingness to quit smoking between people who have quit and those who have not quit. Results: A total of 348 cases were successfully matched, including 137 who have quit smoking and 211 who have not quit smoking. The difference in two groups of baseline data after matching was no statistically significant (P>0.05). During the epidemic period, the quit smoking rate (39.9%) was higher than that (25.0%) before the outbreak. The average daily smoking (7.10±8.473) was lower than that (7.77±8.405) before the outbreak. The score of Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (1.91±2.449) was lower than that (4.35±2.518) before the outbreak; the score of the assessment scale of willingness to quit smoking (38.17±12.377) was higher than that (19.78±9.103) before the outbreak; the smoking change of non-smokers before and after outbreak was related to distress, calm psychological mood, relief of sorrow and boredom, smoking addiction and habit (P<0.05); nicotine dependence was related to the psychological mood of distress (P<0.05), and the willingness to quit smoking was related to the daily home stay time (P<0.05); For those who had quit smoking successfully, the smoking change was related to the psychological mood of distress, relief of sorrow and boredom, alleviation of stress, smoking addiction and habit (P<0.05); relapse thought was related to the psychological mood of distress, relief of sorrow and boredom, recreation and alleviation of stress (P<0.05); nicotine dependence was related to the daily home stay time, calm psychological mood and smoking addition (P<0.05), and the willingness to quit smoking related to recreation and smoking addition(P<0.05). Conclusions: During the epidemic period, people who tried to quit smoking reduced their smoking, nicotine dependence, and their willingness to quit smoking increased. During normalization of epidemic prevention and control, social activities decrease and home stay time increased, which created favorable conditions for quitting smoking and tobacco control. However, negative emotions during home stay, relief of sorrow and boredom and smoking addition may restore smoking behavior and relapse thought. It is recommended that family members provide more support and encouragement to smoke quitters, and supervise and help them reduce smoking. During normalization of epidemic prevention and control, the quit smoking service center should alleviate negative emotion of quitters and break connection between existing smoking habit and negative emotion and environmental temptation.

scholarly journals Evidence of Nicotine Dependence in Adolescents Who Use Juul and Similar Pod Devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Boykan ◽  
Maciej L. Goniewicz ◽  
Catherine R. Messina
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
The Past ◽  
Survey Responses

Background: The use of high-nicotine content e-cigarettes (so-called pods, such as Juul) among adolescents raises concerns about early onset of nicotine addiction. Methods: In this analysis of adolescents surveyed from April 2017–April 2018, we compare survey responses and urinary cotinine of pod vs. non-pod using past-week e-cigarette users aged 12–21. Results: More pod users categorized themselves as daily users compared to non-pod users (63.0% vs. 11.0%; p = 0.001); more pod than non-pod users had used e-cigarettes within the past day (76.2% vs. 29.6%; p = 0.001). More pod users responded affirmatively to nicotine dependence questions (21.4% vs. 7.1%; p = 0.04). Urinary cotinine levels were compared among those responding positively and negatively to dependence questions: those with positive responses had significantly higher urinary cotinine levels than those responding negatively. Conclusions: Adolescents who used pod products showed more signs of nicotine dependence than non-pod users. Pediatricians should be vigilant in identifying dependence symptoms in their patients who use e-cigarettes, particularly in those using pod devices.

BDNF and nicotine dependence: associations and potential mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyi Huang ◽  
Daichao Wu ◽  
Xilin Qu ◽  
Meixiang Li ◽  
Ju Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Receptor ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
High Affinity Receptor ◽  
The Brain

AbstractSmoking is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide and tobacco addiction has become a serious public health problem. Nicotine is the main addictive component of tobacco, and the majority of people that smoke regularly develop nicotine dependence. Nicotine addiction is deemed to be a chronic mental disorder. Although it is well known that nicotine binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and activates the mesolimbic dopaminergic system (MDS) to generate the pleasant and rewarding effects, the molecular mechanisms of nicotine addiction are not fully understood. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most prevalent growth factor in the brain, which regulates neuron survival, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity, mainly through binding to the high affinity receptor tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB). BDNF gene polymorphisms are associated with nicotine dependence and blood BDNF levels are altered in smokers. In this review, we discussed the effects of nicotine on BDNF expression in the brain and summarized the underlying signaling pathways, which further indicated BDNF as a key regulator in nicotine dependence. Further studies that aim to understand the neurobiological mechanism of BDNF in nicotine addcition would provide a valuable reference for quitting smoking and developing the treatment of other addictive substances.

scholarly journals Providing Antismoking Socialization to Children After Quitting Smoking: Does It Help Parents Stay Quit?

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1257-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim A. Hayes ◽  
Christine Jackson ◽  
Denise M. Dickinson ◽  
Audra L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Parenting Program ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Quitting Smoking

Purpose: To test whether an antismoking parenting program provided to parents who had quit smoking for ≥24 hours increased parents’ likelihood of remaining abstinent 2 and 3 years postbaseline. Design: Two-group randomized controlled trial with 3-year follow-up. Setting: Eleven states (Colorado, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah, and Vermont). Participants: Five hundred seventy-seven adults (286 treatment and 291 control) who had smoked ≥10 cigarettes daily at baseline, had quit smoking for ≥24 hours after calling a Quitline, and were parents of an 8- to 10-year-old child; 358 (62%) completed the 2-year follow-up interview, and 304 (53%) completed the 3-year follow-up interview. Intervention: Theory-driven, home-based, self-help parenting program. Measures: Sociodemographic, smoking history, and 30-day point prevalence. Analysis: Multivariable regression analyses tested for group differences in 30-day abstinence. Attriters were coded as having relapsed. Results: Between-group differences in abstinence rates were 5.6% and 5.9% at 2 and 3 years, respectively. Treatment group parents had greater odds of abstinence, an effect that was significant only at the latter time point (odds ratio [OR] = 1.49, P = .075 at 2 years; OR = 1.70, P = .026 at 3 years). Conclusions: This study obtained preliminary evidence that engaging parents who recently quit smoking as agents of antismoking socialization of children has the potential to reduce the long-term odds of relapse.

scholarly journals Motivations for Smoking Cessation and the Impact of Regulatory Tax Increases Amongst Fathers within the Pacific Islands Families Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Shadan Tautolo ◽  
Leon Iusitini ◽  
Steve Taylor ◽  
Janis Paterson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
High Smoking Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

Aims: To examine the prevalence of smoking, motivations for cessation, and impact of tobacco excise tax increases amongst a cohort of Pacific fathers at 11 years after the birth of their child.Methods: Within the context of broader interviews, 723 Pacific fathers participating in the Pacific Islands Families (PIF) Study were surveyed about their smoking at the 11-year measurement point. Prevalence of smoking was calculated, alongside motivations to quit, and the impact of increases to the excise tax on tobacco.Results: Smoking prevalence amongst Pacific fathers remains high (38%) at 11 years postpartum, although 81% of smokers disclosed interest in quitting smoking. The strongest motivation to quit smoking was their ‘own health’ (n = 185, 82%), followed by ‘the cost’ (n = 148, 66%), and the impact on ‘their child's health’ (n = 113, 50%). Among smokers, 12% (n = 31) had never attempted to quit, whereas 63% (n = 159) had made multiple attempts. Approximately 70% (n = 191) of smokers indicated the New Zealand Government-initiated tobacco excise tax increases caused them to reduce their tobacco consumption.Conclusions: High smoking prevalence amongst this cohort raises serious concerns about the risks Pacific families and communities face from smoking. Maintaining a sustained series of tobacco excise tax increases, alongside the utilisation of information on key motivators for Pacific fathers to quit smoking, may prove more effective in supporting Pacific communities to achieve the New Zealand Government's Smokefree 2025 goal.

scholarly journals Use of heated tobacco products by people with chronic diseases: The 2019 JASTIS study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260154
Author(s):  
Chikako Nakama ◽  
Takahiro Tabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Internet Study

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have become popular recently. People with chronic disease, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer, should quit smoking for treatment and recurrence of tobacco-related diseases. However, they have difficulty in quitting smoking, and they may start HTPs use to quit smoking. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of HTPs in people with chronic disease. We used data from an internet study, the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey (JASTIS). We analyzed 9,008 respondents aged 15–73 years in 2019 using logistic regression. Current use of tobacco products was defined as use within the previous 30 days. Prevalence of current HTP use including dual use and dual use with cigarettes was 9.0% and 6.1% respectively in total. By disease: hypertension 10.2% and 7.4%, diabetes 15.9% and 12.3%, CVD 19.2% and 15.7%, COPD 40.5% and 33.3%, and cancer 17.5% and 11.9%. Diabetes, CVD, COPD, and cancer were positively associated with current use of HTPs (odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.48 (1.06, 2.07), 2.29 (1.38, 3.80), 3.97(1.73, 9.11), and 3.58(1.99, 6.44), respectively) and dual use of cigarettes and HTPs (ORs and 95% CIs: 2.23 (1.61, 3.09), 3.58 (2.29, 5.60), 7.46 (3.76, 14.80), and 2.57 (1.46, 4.55), respectively) after adjusting for confounders. People with chronic disease were more likely to use HTPs and HTPs together with cigarettes. Further research on the smoking situation of HTPs in patients with chronic diseases is necessary.

Do Cigarette Smokers Have Different Personality Patterns than Non-Smokers?

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisardo Becoña ◽  
Elena Fernández del Río ◽  
Ana López-Durán ◽  
Úrsula Martínez ◽  
Bárbara Piñeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Personality Pattern ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Personality Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and personality patterns in the general population, taking into account the possible influence of nicotine dependence. We used a stratified random sample of 1,081 adults from the general population (519 smokers and 562 non-smokers) in the region of Galicia (Spain). Personality patterns were assessed with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). The results indicated that nicotine-dependent smokers had a higher probability of obtaining a PREV > 75 in the histrionic and antisocial personality patterns and non-nicotine-dependent smokers are more likely to present a PREV > 75 in paranoid personality pattern than non-smokers. On the contrary, non-smokers are more likely to have a PREV > 75 on the compulsive personality scale. Our findings suggest that there are different personality patterns according to smoking status (smoker/non-smoker) and according to the presence of nicotine dependence. We concluded that it is necessary to identify the personality characteristics of smokers, since these characteristics could be key variables in increased risk of being a smoker and of difficulties for quitting smoking.

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