scholarly journals The efficacy of xylitol based oral hygiene products on salivary parameters – An invivo study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 953-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathiresan Ravichandran ◽  
Jithesh Jain ◽  
Bhakti Jaduram Sadhu ◽  
Sowndarya Gunasekaran ◽  
Poojitha MC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Mouth Wash

Xylitol, a five-carbon sugar polyol, is a white crystalline carbohydrate known since a century ago. The objective is to assess the efficacy of xylitol based oral hygiene products (chewing gum, mouthwash, and toothpaste) on salivary parameters - pH, Resting Salivary Flow Rate (RFR) and Stimulated Salivary Flow Rate (SFR) among subjects with medium cariogenic risk. The study recruited sixty participants who were divided into 3 groups of 20 individuals each. Subjects in Group I, Group II, Group III were given xylitol toothpaste, xylitol mouth-wash & toothpaste, and xylitol chewing-gum & toothpaste respectively for 3 weeks. The salivary parameters - RFR, SFR, and pH were assessed before and after the use of xylitol-based products. All three groups showed an increase in the RFR, SFR, and pH after three weeks. RFR was found to be statistically significant in Group I (p=0.006), Group II (p=0.000), and Group III (p=0.000). SFR was found to be statistically significant in Group II (p=0.000) and Group III (p=0.000). pH was found to be statistically significant in Group I (p=0.002) and Group III (p=0.003). Xylitol is a well-known anti-caries agent, and it has been well documented in the prevention of caries. The present study was conducted in the light of these facts to compare the efficacy of different xylitol products concludes that chewing-gum is comparatively more effective than mouthwash and toothpaste.

Association of Salivary Lipids and Early Childhood Caries in an Indian Subpopulation: A Preliminary Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-397
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Sharma ◽  
Mudunuri Sindhuja ◽  
Priya Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Group Ii

Aim: This preliminary study aimed to estimate and correlate the relationship between salivary flow rate and levels of salivary triglycerides, cholesterol and total lipids in children with and without early childhood caries. Study design: Ninety children aged 3 – 6 years were divided into three groups of 30 each based on their decayed missing filled tooth (dmft) score, group I (dmft score = 0), group II (dmft score ≥4 and ≤ 9) and group III (dmft scores ≥ 10). Whole unstimulated saliva was collected in a sterile graduated cup over a period of 5 minutes and was quantitatively analyzed for levels of salivary triglycerides, cholesterol and total lipids. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis by one way ANOVA, Post-Hoc tukey and Pearson’s correlation test. Results: Salivary flow rate was 1.20±0.36, 1.01±0.37 and 0.86±0.31 ml/min in group I, II and III respectively. The mean levels of salivary triglycerides in group I, II and III was 3.57±0.43mg/ml, 6.11±1.70mg/ml and 6.03±1.73 mg/ml, respectively. The mean levels of salivary total lipids were higher in group II and III, ie 22.51±2.87 mg/ml and 22.68±2.54 mg/ml respectively. The mean level of salivary cholesterol was highest in group III (8.03±2.91 mg/ml). Salivary triglycerides and total lipids showed a significant positive correlation with dmft scores of children (p≤ 0.001). Salivary cholesterol also had a positive association with dental caries experience of children but was not significant. There was a negative correlation between salivary flow rate and levels of salivary triglycerides, cholesterol and total lipids. Conclusion: Children with ECC (group II and III) had lower salivary flow rate and higher levels of salivary triglycerides and total lipids compared to caries free children (group I). Levels of salivary cholesterol did not differ between caries free and children with ECC.

scholarly journals Evaluation of salivary flow rate and gustatory function in HIV-positive patients with or without highly active antiretroviral therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Verma ◽  
Ranjitkumar Patil ◽  
Vikram Khanna ◽  
Vandana Singh ◽  
Anurag Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Gustatory Function ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the salivary flow rate and gustatory changes in HIV-positive patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and without HAART. We also correlated CD4 count and salivary flow rate and gustatory function in both groups. Methods: Sample size for each group was thirty. After obtaining informed consent, we measured salivary flow rate using Schimer's method and gustatory function using four tastants (sweet, sour, bitter, and salty) of different concentrations. The readings were recorded at 0 month, 2nd, 4th, and 6th month interval. The data obtained was statistically analyzed. Results: The mean salivary flow rate was decreased more in Group I as compared to Group II. The mean identification score for sweet, salty, sour, and bitter was significantly higher in Group II than Group I. The mean detection threshold score for sweet, salty, sour and bitter taste was comparatively higher in Group I than Group II. The Pearson's correlation analysis showed inverse relation between age and salivary flow rate in Group II. No significant correlation was observed in CD4 count and salivary flow rate. Conclusion: Along with routine oral health appraisal in seropositive patients, evaluation of salivary flow rate, and taste abnormalities should also be considered an integral part of patient assessment.

Effects of Consuming Catha Edulis Forsk (khat)on the Gene Manifestation of CHRM1 and CHRM3 in relation to Salivary Glands, Saliva Flow Rates, pH and Dental Caries in Yemeni Consumers

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 482-488
Author(s):  
Sawsan Abdullah Alshahrani ◽  
Nawaf Abdulrahman Almufareh ◽  
Bandary Almarshady ◽  
Rasil Khaled Alotaibi ◽  
Wedad Saeed Al-Qahtani
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Saliva Flow ◽  
The Impact

Background: The current study has been conducted to estimate the impact of Catha Edulis Forsk (simply known as khat) on pH and saliva flow rate in teeth unaffected by caries among patients from Arab, Yemen, consuming the plant. The goal was to evaluate the relation of these indicators with gene manifestation of CHRM1 and CHRM3, which contributes to the regulation of saliva secretions. Methods: Overall, 60 respondents aged between 27 and 54 years were selected for the research. They were distributed among two groups, group I and group II, including 30 respondents equally. Group I incorporated respondents consuming no khat, having teeth caries, adequate saliva flow, and generally, healthy oral cavity. In turn, group II incorporated respondents consuming khat having caries-free teeth, inadequate saliva flow and relatively unhealthy oral cavity. Saliva samples were taken from all respondents. They were analyzed for indicators of flow rate as well as pH of saliva. Salivary gland biopsy specimens have also been taken. The whole RNA was allocated, cDNA synthesized and reinforced to estimate the gene manifestation of CHRM1 and CHRM3. Results: A considerable rise in the mean salivary flow rate along with a drastic decline in the mean salivary pH within caries-free teeth among the respondents consuming khat was observed during the study. The mRNA expressions CHRM1 and CHRM3 were significantly increased among participants consuming khat. Results were contrasted to the control group of patients not consuming khat. Conclusion: The characteristics of salivary flow rate, pH, and caries-free teeth have been related to the gene manifestations of CHRM1 and CHRM3 in respondents consuming khat.

Endothelin effects in isolated, perfused lamb lungs: role of cyclooxygenase inhibition and vasomotor tone

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (2) ◽  
pp. H443-H450 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Toga ◽  
J. Usha Raj ◽  
R. Hillyard ◽  
B. Ku ◽  
J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Vasomotor Tone ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibition ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Arteries And Veins

We have determined the sites of action of endothelin-1 (ET) in the lamb pulmonary circulation. The influence of cyclooxygenase inhibition and baseline vasomotor tone on ET effects was also studied. Lungs of 14 lambs (6-9 wk of age, 12.1 +/- 0.6 kg body wt) were isolated and perfused with blood. Group I lungs (n = 5) were untreated, group II lungs (n = 5) were treated with indomethacin to inhibit cyclooxygenase, and group III lungs (n = 4) were treated with indomethacin and a thromboxane A2 analogue, U-46619, to elevate vasomotor tone. All lungs were perfused with constant flow in zone 3, with left atrial and airway pressures being 8 and 6 cmH2O, respectively. We measured pulmonary arterial pressure and, by the micropuncture servo-null method, pressures in 20- to 50-microns diameter subpleural venules, both before and after each dose of ET was infused (50, 100, 250, and 500 ng/kg). Group I lungs, with high baseline vasomotor tone, exhibited a biphasic response to ET; 50-100 ng/kg of ET dilated both arteries and veins, whereas 500 ng/kg of ET constricted both arteries and veins. In group II lungs with low vasomotor tone, all doses of ET caused constriction of arteries only. In group III lungs (indomethacin treated with elevated vasomotor tone), 50-100 ng/kg of ET caused dilation of arteries and veins, whereas 500 ng/kg of ET induced constriction, this time only in arteries. We conclude that ET has both dilator and constrictor effects in arteries and veins of isolated, perfused lamb lungs. ET-induced arterial and venous dilation is dependent on initial vasomotor tone but not on cyclooxygenase metabolites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Different Bleeding Patterns with the Use of Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System: Are They Associated with Changes in Uterine Artery Blood Flow?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Bastianelli ◽  
Manuela Farris ◽  
Stefania Rapiti ◽  
Roberta Bruno Vecchio ◽  
Giuseppe Benagiano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

Objective. Evaluate if different bleeding patterns associated with the use of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) are associated with different uterine and endometrial vascularization patterns, as evidenced by ultrasound power Doppler analysis.Methodology. A longitudinal study, with each subject acting as its own control was conducted between January 2010 and December 2012. Healthy volunteers with a history of heavy but cyclic and regular menstrual cycles were enrolled in the study. Ultrasonographic examination was performed before and after six months of LNG-IUS placement: uterine volume, endometrial thickness, and subendometrial and myometrial Doppler blood flow patterns have been evaluated.Results. A total of 32 women were enrolled out of 186 initially screened. At six months of follow-up, all subjects showed a reduction in menstrual blood loss; for analysis, they were retrospectively divided into 3 groups: normal cycling women (Group I), amenorrheic women (Group II), and women with prolonged bleedings (Group III). Intergroup analysis documented a statistically significant difference in endometrial thickness among the three groups; in addition, mean pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) in the spiral arteries were significantly lower in Group I and Group III compared to Group II. This difference persisted also when comparing—within subjects of Group III—mean PI and RI mean values before and after insertion.Conclusions. The LNG-IUS not only altered endometrial thickness, but—in women with prolonged bleedings—also significantly changed uterine artery blood flow. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and enable gynecologists to properly counsel women, improving initial continuation rates.

scholarly journals Salivary α-Amylase Levels after Yohimbine Challenge in Healthy Men

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 5130-5133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Ehlert ◽  
Katja Erni ◽  
Gundula Hebisch ◽  
Urs Nater
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Context: We and others have previously shown that standardized psychosocial stress significantly increases salivary α-amylase (sAA), but it remains unclear whether sAA reflects autonomic nervous system activation. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess cardiovascular effects and sAA and catecholamine secretion after iv injection of yohimbine. Design and Setting: We conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study at an academic research unit. Participants: Thirteen healthy males (aged 20–28 yr) were examined. Intervention: Participants received iv injection of yohimbine (0.4 μg/kg) or placebo (0.9% NaCl). Main Outcome Measures: Eight saliva and blood samples were taken before and after injection for the assessment of salivary flow rate and sAA and catecholamine concentrations. In addition, blood pressure, mood, and anxiety were assessed repeatedly. Results: Yohimbine induced increases of sAA activity and output in comparison to placebo (P = 0.034). Blood pressure (P < 0.001), salivary flow rate (P = 0.007), and catecholamines (P < 0.001) were also significantly increased. No significant correlations between α-amylase parameters and catecholamines were observed. Conclusions: The results indicate that yohimbine administration activates not only autonomic parameters but also sAA via adrenergic mechanisms, suggesting that sAA might be an indirect indicator of the central sympathetic system.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Saliva in FK Ukrida Students After Chewing Paraffin, Xylitol and Sucrose Gum

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Wan Aishah Fariha Binti Wan Nazri ◽  
William Daud ◽  
Flora Rumiati
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Sugar Levels

Data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2009 shows that national sugar consumption per capita reaches 12kg / year. Snacks consumed mostly were based on sucrose sugar and it turns out that sucrose is increasing the insidens of caries because sugar-based foods and drinks cause acid-resistant bacteria to obtain a suitable environment for growth. To overcome this problem sucrose was replaced with alcohol sugar such as xylitol, especially in chewing gum. However, it is still unknown the effect of xylitol on saliva. The purpose of this study was to see whether there were differences in salivary characteristics after consuming paraffin, xylitol chewing gum and sucrose chewing gum by looking at salivary pH values, reducing sugar levels in saliva and salivary flow rates. Saliva collection is done by spitting method then the total volume is divided by the time of collection to get the flow rate of saliva. Salivary pH is measured using a pH meter while reducing sugar levels are measured using the Benedict's test. The sample for this study consisted of 50 Ukrida FK students. The results of this study indicate that the highest salivary flow rate is after chewing xylitol chewing gum. While the reducing sugar levels in saliva are only found after chewing sucrose chewing gum. For salivary pH values, after chewing sucrose chewing gum the most acidic pH was obtained when compared to after chewing paraffin and xylitol chewing gum. From the research that has been done, after consuming paraffin, xylitol chewing gum and sucrose chewing gum, the highest salivary flow rate was obtained after consuming xylitol chewing gum, while the lowest was after consuming paraffin. Meanwhile, the highest pH value of saliva was after consuming paraffin and the lowest was after consuming sucrose chewing gum. Meanwhile, reducing sugar levels in saliva was only found after consuming sucrose chewing gum and was not found after consuming paraffin and xylitol chewing gum. From this study it can be concluded that there are differences in the characteristics of saliva among FK Ukrida students after consuming paraffin, xylitol chewing gum and sucrose chewing gum.

scholarly journals Pengaruh obat kumur beralkohol terhadap laju aliran saliva dan pH saliva

e-GIGI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiby Rawung ◽  
Jane Wuisan ◽  
Michael A. Leman
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
T Test ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Before And After

Abstract: Mouthwash is one of the accessible oral healthcare and practical for use by the community. Various commercial products contain more than one active ingredient; the most common one is alcohol with varied concentrations from 6% to 26%. Mouthwash with high concentration of alcohol can cause some effects to some users, like burning and dry sensation of the oral mucosa. Dry oral mucosa caused by reduced saliva production will be more susceptible to irritation. Reduced amount of saliva also causes lower oral pH which leads to increased growth of cariogenic bacteria. This study was aimed to investigate the influence of alcoholic mouthwash to salivary flow and salivary pH. This was a quasi-experiment study with before and after treatment groups. The population study was students of Dental Medical Education Program of Medical Faculty of University of Sam Ratulangi, Manado, batch 2012, with a total of 30 respondents obtained by using purposive sampling method. The T test showed that salivary flow rate before and after treatment had no significant difference (p >0.05) based on T test. Moreover, the Wilcoxon test showed that there was no significant difference of salivary pH between before and after treatment (p >0.05). Conclusion: There was no effect of rinsing with alcoholic mouthwash on salivary flow and salivary pH.Keywords: alcoholic mouthwash, salivary flow rate, salivary pH Abstrak: Obat kumur merupakan salah satu produk perawatan kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang mudah diperoleh dan praktis digunakan sendiri oleh masyarakat. Berbagai produk komersial mengandung lebih dari satu bahan aktif; salah satunya yaitu alkohol dengan konsentrasi bervariasi dari 6% hingga 26,9%. Kandungan alkohol yang tinggi dapat menimbulkan efek bagi sebagian pengguna, seperti sensasi terbakar dan kering di area mukosa mulut disebabkan berkurangnya saliva yang memudahkan terjadinya iritasi. Berkurangnya saliva juga menyebabkan pH mulut rendah sehingga pertumbuhan bakteri kariogenik meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh obat kumur beralkohol terhadap laju aliran saliva dan pH saliva. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimen semu dengan kelompok sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Populasi penelitian yaitu mahasiswa Angkatan Tahun 2012 Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Gigi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado yang berjumlah 30 responden, diperoleh dengan purposive sampling. Hasil uji T berpasangan mennunjukkan data laju aliran saliva sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna (p >0,05). Berdasarkan uji Wilcoxon, data pH saliva sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan tidak memiliki perbedaan bermakna (p >0,05). Simpulan: Tidak terdapat pengaruh berkumur dengan obat kumur beralkohol terhadap laju aliran saliva dan pH saliva.Kata kunci: obat kumur beralkohol, laju aliran saliva, pH saliva

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