The Impact of Covid 19 on Pregnant Women and Child Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1367-1373
Author(s):  
Nikhil Sanjay Mujbaile ◽  
Smita Damke
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Separation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
General Wellbeing

The Covid illness (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly all through the world and has had a drawn-out impact. The Pandemic has done incredible damage to society and made genuine mental injury to numerous individuals. Mental emergencies frequently cause youngsters to deliver sentiments of relinquishment, despondency, insufficiency, and fatigue and even raise the danger of self-destruction. Youngsters with psychological instabilities are particularly powerless during the isolate and colonial removing period. Convenient and proper assurances are expected to forestall the event of mental and social issues. The rising advanced applications and wellbeing administrations, for example, telehealth, web-based media, versatile wellbeing, and far off intuitive online instruction can connect the social separation and backing mental and conduct wellbeing for youngsters. Because of the mental advancement qualities of youngsters, this investigation additionally outlines intercessions on the mental effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Further difficulties in Low Middle-Income Countries incorporate the failure to actualize successful general wellbeing estimates, for example, social separating, hand cleanliness, definitive distinguishing proof of contaminated individuals with self-disconnection and widespread utilization of covers The aberrant impacts of the Pandemic on youngster wellbeing are of extensive concern, including expanding neediness levels, upset tutoring, absence of admittance to the class taking care of plans, decreased admittance to wellbeing offices and breaks in inoculation and other kid wellbeing programs. Kept tutoring is critical for kids in Low Middle-Income Countries. Arrangement of safe situations is mainly testing in packed asset obliged schools. 

scholarly journals COVID-19, Governance, and Conflict: Emerging Impacts and Future Evidence Needs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siân Herbert ◽  
Heather Marquette
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Public Health ◽  
High Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Bodies Of Evidence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low And Middle Income

This paper reviews emerging evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on governance and conflict, using a “governance and conflict first” approach in contrast to other research and synthesis on COVID-19 in the social sciences that tends to be structured through a public health lens. It largely focuses on evidence on low- and middle-income countries but also includes a number of examples from high-income countries, reflecting the global nature of the crisis. It is organised around four cross-cutting themes that have enabled the identification of emerging bodies of evidence and/or analysis: Power and legitimacy; Effectiveness, capacity, and corruption; Violence, unrest, and conflict; and Resilience, vulnerability, and risk. The paper concludes with three over-arching insights that have emerged from the research: (1) the importance of leadership; (2) resilience and what “fixing the cracks” really means; and (3) why better ways are needed to add up all the “noise” when it comes to COVID-19 and evidence.

scholarly journals The impact of pulse oximetry on diagnosis, management and outcomes of acute febrile illness in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. e007282
Author(s):  
Rusheng Chew ◽  
Meiwen Zhang ◽  
Arjun Chandna ◽  
Yoel Lubell
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Hospital Referral ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundAcute fever is a common presenting symptom in low/middle-income countries (LMICs) and is strongly associated with sepsis. Hypoxaemia predicts disease severity in such patients but is poorly detected by clinical examination. Therefore, including pulse oximetry in the assessment of acutely febrile patients may improve clinical outcomes in LMIC settings.MethodsWe systematically reviewed studies of any design comparing one group where pulse oximetry was used and at least one group where it was not. The target population was patients of any age presenting with acute febrile illness or associated syndromes in LMICs. Studies were obtained from searching PubMed, EMBASE, CABI Global Health, Global Index Medicus, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science and DARE. Further studies were identified through searches of non-governmental organisation websites, snowballing and input from a Technical Advisory Panel. Outcomes of interest were diagnosis, management and patient outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for Cluster Randomised Trials and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tools, as appropriate.ResultsTen of 4898 studies were eligible for inclusion. Their small number and heterogeneity prevented formal meta-analysis. All studies were in children, eight only recruited patients with pneumonia, and nine were conducted in Africa or Australasia. Six were at serious risk of bias. There was moderately strong evidence for the utility of pulse oximetry in diagnosing pneumonia and identifying severe disease requiring hospital referral. Pulse oximetry used as part of a quality-assured facility-wide package of interventions may reduce pneumonia mortality, but studies assessing this endpoint were at serious risk of bias.ConclusionsVery few studies addressed this important question. In LMICs, pulse oximetry may assist clinicians in diagnosing and managing paediatric pneumonia, but for the greatest impact on patient outcomes should be implemented as part of a health systems approach. The evidence for these conclusions is not widely generalisable and is of poor quality.

Economic crisis and mental health – findings from low- and middle income countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
M. Koesters ◽  
S. Weinmann
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Summary Background: There is consistent evidence of an inverse relationship between poverty and mental health. However, the influence of economic crises on mental health is not well studied and there are very few data particularly from low- and middle income countries (LAMICs). This review discusses theories and views on the impact of economic crises on mental health in LAMICs and reports the results of two empirical studies. Result: It appears that relative deprivation and the social and psychological meaning of deep changes in the economic situation of a person, a family or a group, have a greater effect on mental health than just material circumstances and unemployment.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Child Health Inequality: A Review of Reviews

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10896
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Arpin ◽  
Karl Gauffin ◽  
Meghan Kerr ◽  
Anders Hjern ◽  
Angela Mashford-Pringle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
And Child Health

There is growing evidence on the observed and expected consequences of climate change on population health worldwide. There is limited understanding of its consequences for child health inequalities, between and within countries. To examine these consequences and categorize the state of knowledge in this area, we conducted a review of reviews indexed in five databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts). Reviews that reported the effect of climate change on child health inequalities between low- and high-income children, within or between countries (high- vs low–middle-income countries; HICs and LMICs), were included. Twenty-three reviews, published between 2007 and January 2021, were included for full-text analyses. Using thematic synthesis, we identified strong descriptive, but limited quantitative, evidence that climate change exacerbates child health inequalities. Explanatory mechanisms relating climate change to child health inequalities were proposed in some reviews; for example, children in LMICs are more susceptible to the consequences of climate change than children in HICs due to limited structural and economic resources. Geographic and intergenerational inequalities emerged as additional themes from the review. Further research with an equity focus should address the effects of climate change on adolescents/youth, mental health and inequalities within countries.

scholarly journals Evaluation of policies for free maternal healthcare in low/middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e031557
Author(s):  
Regina Poima Seki ◽  
Delia Hendrie ◽  
Judith Daire
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Maternal Healthcare ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionImproving maternal health remains a health priority at the global and national levels. As part of the global strategy, many low/middle-income countries (LMICs) have implemented free primary healthcare policies for different service packages including maternal health. Free maternal healthcare policies aim to improve maternal health by removing the financial burden of accessing maternal healthcare services. The objective of this scoping review is to assess evaluations of free maternal healthcare policies and the impact on maternal health in LMICs. This will help identify theoretical and methodological approaches (or gaps if any) for evaluating the impact of free maternal healthcare policies to inform future work. It will also provide an evidence base for policymakers and other stakeholder with an interest in planning, funding and implementing evidence based and effective interventions to improving maternal health outcomes.MethodsThe scoping review will follow the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and refined by Joanna Briggs Institute. It will involve a literature search of the PubMed, Scopus ScienceDirect, Web of Science and CINAHL databases for peer-reviewed journal articles related to the impact of free maternal health policies in LMICs published from 2000 to the present. Two reviewers will screen and appraise eligible articles using preset criteria based on the ‘population-concept-context’ framework. A data extraction framework will be used to extract and chart data from the reviewed articles. The results will be analysed using descriptive numerical summary analysis and qualitative thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as the scoping review will synthesise information from publicly available materials. Dissemination will be through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at relevant conferences and workshops.

scholarly journals Respiratory epidemics and older people

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-900
Author(s):  
Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy ◽  
Ravinder Mamtani ◽  
Marco Ameduri ◽  
Amit Abraham ◽  
Sohaila Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urgent Action

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been particularly severe on older people. Past coronavirus epidemics namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome have also been severe on older people. These epidemics lasted for only a limited period, however, and have proven short lived in the memories of both the public and public health systems. No lessons were learnt to mitigate the impact of future epidemics of such nature, on older people. This complacency we feel has claimed the lives of many older people during the current COVID-19 global epidemic. The nature of risks associated with acquiring infections and associated mortality among older people in respiratory epidemic situations are varied and of serious concern. Our commentary identifies demographic, biological, behavioural, social and healthcare-related determinants, which increase the vulnerability of older people to respiratory epidemics. We acknowledge that these determinants will likely vary between older people in high- and low-middle income countries. Notwithstanding these variations, we call for urgent action to mitigate the impact of epidemics on older people and preserve their health and dignity. Intersectoral programmes that recognise the special needs of older people and in unique contexts such as care homes must be developed and implemented, with the full participation and agreement of older people. COVID-19 has created upheaval, challenging humanity and threatening the lives, rights, and well-being of older people. We must ensure that we remain an age-friendly society and make the world a better place for all including older people.

The Impact of Funding Insulin Research on Open Access Publishing: A 20-Years Bibliometric Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-502
Author(s):  
Hiba Abbasi ◽  
Noor Abu-Farsakh ◽  
Farah Abuazzam ◽  
Rasha Halaseh ◽  
Othman Alaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Research ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Funded Research ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background:: The recent report of The World Health Organization on diabetes has stressed on the burden of diabetes on low/middle income countries. Recent studies advocated the importance of funding more research on diabetes and insulin in these countries. Recently, the European Research Council advocated the importance of gold Open Access (OA) publishing, where the funded research should be immediately accessible. In this study, we aim to assess funding for insulin research, where we will compare the OA status between funded and unfunded research. Methods:: We used Scopus database to assess insulin research published from January 1st, 1999 to December 31st, 2018. Our bibliometric analysis consisted of three main sections: analysis of all publications on insulin, analysis of funded insulin publications, and analysis of unfunded insulin publications. Results:: We found a total of 388,202 publications, of which only 83,180 (21.4%) were funded. USA produced around 30.1% of the total publications, and the National Institute of Health (NIH) was the major funder with 18.6% of all publications. Of the funded publications, 29,143 (35%) were OA publications, compared to 97,347 (31.9%) of the unfunded publications. We didn’t find a significant difference in OA status between funded and unfunded research. Conclusion:: In concordance with the European Research Council’s decision to support gold OA publishing model, we found that only 35% of the funded and 31.9% of the unfunded insulin research were OA. Although the funded research is increasing in China, most of it is produced in high income countries. This highlights the importance of allocating more funds to low/middle income countries.

scholarly journals From Design to Evaluation: Applications of Health Technology Assessment in Myanmar and Lessons for Low or Lower Middle-Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saudamini Vishwanath Dabak ◽  
Yot Teerawattananon ◽  
Thiri Win
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Child Health

AbstractObjectivesHealth technology assessment (HTA) has been widely used to inform coverage decisions in high-income countries over the past few decades and has been getting increasing attention in middle-income countries as a tool for healthcare decision making in recent years. This study aims to use the case of the Maternal and Child Health Voucher Scheme (MCHVS) in Myanmar to understand how HTA can have a policy impact in a low or lower middle-income country.MethodsThe stages heuristic framework was used to describe the policy-making process. A document review was conducted and tacit knowledge of researchers involved was recorded.ResultsThe opportunity for a grant propelled maternal and child health to the policy agenda. An ex-ante HTA, which included a model-based health economic evaluation, informed the design of the scheme. The framework and key parameters from the ex-ante HTA were used for a mid-term review, which provided feedback to the policy implementation process. An ex-post HTA involved fielding a household survey to assess the impact of the scheme.ConclusionsHTA can be a useful method for informing resource allocation throughout the policy process in low and lower middle-income settings where no formal mechanism for making coverage decisions exists.

scholarly journals One Hundred Years of Social Protection: The Rise of the Social Question in Brazil, India, China, and South Africa, 1920–2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 383-428
Author(s):  
Lutz Leisering
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Social Question ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Language Semantics

AbstractThis chapter concludes the volume on social protection in Brazil, India, China, and South Africa, 1920–2020. The main findings are: (1) Historical evolution—the hundred years from 1920 to 2020 mark the century of the rise of social protection in the four countries. (2) The social construction of the social—all four countries, with the exception of India, have articulated social issues in a generalised way as a social question. (3) Political language—semantics of the social have spread in all four countries. (4) “Multireferentiality”—social protection policies were largely driven and shaped by “non-social” ideas and interests. (5) Transnational diffusion—external ideas have pervaded domestic social protection policies. The chapter closes by thoughts about the future of social protection in middle-income countries.

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