In-vivo anti-oxidant screening of Tectona grandis extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Tamilarasi G P ◽  
Sabarees G
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Radical Generation

Oxidation is an essential reaction in the human body, which determines the expression of proteins in the body. This results in the altered expression like rapid growth resulting in cancers and other disorders. Many synthetic drugs are available in the market that is effective in limiting the free radical generation and the reaction of radicals with cells. Unfortunately, all those synthetic drugs were found to cause side effects and adverse effects in the body. But given the accuracy of the predictability of the results and administration, this research focuses on testing the anti-oxidant efficiency in rat models testing the biochemical parameters. Investigations have also been done on the anti-oxidant activity of Tectona, but every research was concentrated to prove the anti-oxidant activity only. extract had been tested for anti-oxidant activity by estimating various tissue parameters and it showed better activity. As predicted, there is a significant difference in the and results which can be explained are due to the physiological conditions that exist inside the body.

In-vivo evaluation of lipid lowering ability of Chloris paraguaiensis extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Pavani C H
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
And Control

Hyperlipidemia is the immediate results of the excessive fat intake in food. This results in the elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. This leads to heart conditions like CAD, hypertension, congestive heart failure as risk factors which can be lethal. There are many drugs to treat and control the lipids levels in the body. These drugs are either designed to prevent LDL accumulation and VLDL synthesis. Some drugs also lower the elevated levels of saturated lipids in the body. But many drugs are known to cause side effects and adverse effects; therefore, alternatives to the drugs are the subjects for current investigations. Herbs and medicinal plants are used as treatment sources for many years. They have been used in the Indian medical systems like Ayurveda, Siddha etc. As the application of herbs in the treatment is growing, there is an urgent need for the establishment of Pharmacological reasoning and standardization of the activity of the medicinal plants. Chloris paraguaiensis Steud. is Poyaceae member that is called locally as Uppugaddi. Traditionally it is used to treat Rheumatism, Diabetes, fever and diarrhoea. The chemical constituents are known to have anti-oxidant properties and most of the anti-oxidants have anti-hyperlipidemic activity too. Since the plant has abundant flavonoid and phenol content, the current research focusses on the investigation of the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the plant Chloris extracts. Extracts of Chloris at 200mg/kg showed a comparably similar anti hyperlipidemia activity to that of the standard drug. The extracts showed a dose based increase in the activity at 100 and 200mg/kg body weight.

scholarly journals Immunodmodulation: herbal perspective and investigations-A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 497-503
Author(s):  
Kasula Masthanaiah ◽  
Karthikeyan E
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Immunomodulatory Agents ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Limiting Step ◽  
Immune Stimulants

Immunomodulation had been in application in medical systems and the traditional Indian systems like Ayurveda. It has various applications in medicine for altering the defence of the body that is immunity. A lot of conditions that require immunomodulation are supported by drugs for immune suppression and immune stimulation. They are often called as immune suppressants and immune stimulants. There are other class of drugs, immune adjuvants. Synthetic drugs are notorious for causing side effects and the herbal alternatives had been investigated for the activity. So the herbs stand as the alternatives for the synthetic drugs in better treating the disease that concern the immune system. The inconsistency of the in-vivo response of the immunity, with the phytochemicals, is also a limiting step for their effective usage as immunomodulatory agents when it comes to practical application. Overall, herbs had been supplying the chemical constituents that can be used directly or in the purified form as immunomodulatory agents. This review is the segregation of the various methods available to perform the screening of the drugs and extracts for immunomodulatory activity. This paper also enlists various herbs used for immunomodulation and had been proven for the same recently from 2010 to date.

Bioavailability and preliminary toxicity evaluations of alumina nanoparticles in vivo after oral exposure

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Tao Yang ◽  
Tiancheng Wang ◽  
Erya Dong ◽  
Xin-Xin Chen ◽  
Kun Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alumina Nanoparticles ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Alumina Powder ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Low Toxicity

Abstract Alumina nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most important nanomaterials and are widely used in diverse areas. In this study, we evaluated the bioavailability and toxicity of alumina NPs in mice after oral exposure, compared with traditional alumina powder. Our results indicated that negligible alumina NPs were absorbed post-exposure and alumina NPs did not influence the balance of essential trace elements, including Fe, Cu and Zn. Preliminary toxicological evaluations suggested that alumina NPs were of low toxicity. The body weights were similar among the mice exposed to alumina NPs, alumina powder and 0.9% NaCl aqueous solution. The low toxicity was also indicated by the unchanged serum biochemical parameters. The implications related to the ongoing safety evaluations and applications of alumina NPs are discussed.

Evaluation of Anticonvulsant and Anti-oxidant Potentials of Basella Alba by Influencing the Brain Enzyme Levels in Laboratory Animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 5031-5034
Author(s):  
Asokan B.R. ◽  
Jaikumar S ◽  
Somasundaram G
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Basella Alba ◽  
Protective Enzyme ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
Brain Tissue Damage ◽  
The Brain

Epilepsy and convulsions constitute a significant class of symptoms that are commonly seen in many neurological diseases. It is understood that there is an apparent alteration in the levels of the enzymes which present brain during epilepsy. Anti-oxidant drugs are known to elevate the protective enzyme levels in the body and restore them to ensure the proper functioning is done. But when the enzyme levels are not managed properly, they can cause further damage and deterioration of the tissue. Basella alba is one of such drugs, which is rich in anti-oxidant chemical constituents. Many researchers concluded that many components like vitamin A, C and flavonoids, polyphenols are being reported. In the study, Basella alba was investigated for effect on an anti-oxidant enzyme in the brain. The extracts showed a better activity and prevented the brain tissue damage from any oxidative free radical generation. The enzyme levels were healthy at the dose of 400mg/kg of extract.

Subacute oral toxicity evaluation of the ethanolic extract of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. tubers in Phu Quoc, Vietnam

MedPharmRes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mai Nguyen Ngoc Trac ◽  
Pham Thu Ha ◽  
Do Thi Hong Tuoi
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

The tubers of Hydnophytum formicarum Jack. have been used for the treatment of rheumatism, liver and intestinal diseases in the traditional medicine of Vietnam. The 50% ethanolic extract of H. formicarum (EEHF) has been proved anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects as well as hepatoprotective activity at the oral doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg in Swiss albino mice. The aim of this work was to study on the subacute oral toxicity of the EEHF at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg for 30 and 60 consecutive days in both sexes of mice. The observations were undertaken on the mortality, the body weights, the toxic signs, hematological and biochemical parameters. At the end of the experiment, the histopathology of liver and kidneys was studied. The results showed that the 100 mg/kg of EEHF did not cause any toxic signs in mice. There was no significant difference of hematological and biochemical parameters between the treated animals and the controls. Histopathological examinations of livers and kidneys showed no significant difference suggesting no morphological disturbances in treated mice. In conclusion, the results indicated that the EEHF did not cause any subacute toxicity in mice at the dose of 100 mg/kg, providing the evidence of the safety of health products from this medicinal plant.

Regulation of selectivity of CDPcholine: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase in rat liver microsomes towards different molecular species of 1,2-diacyl-sn -glycerols

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 700-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Holub
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis

The suitability of monoenoic, dienoic, tetraenoic, and hexaenoic molecular species of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols as substrates for the CDPcholine: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2) was studied in rat liver microsomes. No statistically significant difference in the rates of phosphatidylcholine synthesis with the various diacylglycerols was found at 0.40 mM, although a moderate discrimination against hexaenoic species relative to monoenoic and dienoic species was observed at 0.25 mM. The addition of palmitoyl-CoA (7.5 μM) significantly enhanced cholinephosphotransferase activity when tetraenoic diacylglycerols were added at 0.25 or 0.40 mM. CDPethanolamine at 24.4 μM was found to inhibit the rates of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis by 54 and 39% with hexaenoic and monoenoic 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols, respectively, whereas no significant effects were observed in the case of dienoic and tetraenoic species. These latter findings may partially explain why 1-saturated 2-docosahexaenoyl diacylglycerols are used to a greater extent for phosphatidylethanolamine than for phosphatidylcholine synthesis in rat liver in vivo. The present results also suggest that the selectivity of the cholinephosphotransferase for certain molecular species of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols is a function of diacylglycerol concentration and may be mediated under physiological conditions by substrates for enzymes which compete for common diacylglycerol precursors.

scholarly journals Preparation and investigation of the ayurvedic churna formulation for diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Chaitanya Kumar K ◽  
Mothilal K ◽  
Mahender K ◽  
Ravi D
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
200Mg Dose ◽  
100Mg Dose ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Synthetic Drug

Out of most of the dreadful diseases in the world Diabetes, shortly known as DM, is the most dreadful. The primary cause of diabetes is the lack of insulin due to the insufficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas or the insensitivity of the body to reuptake the insulin. This results in the accumulation of the sugar or glucose in the blood, only thereby disturbing all the other physiological conditions in the body. Herbs, as we know, are devoid of or have very fewer side effects when compared to the antidiabetic synthetic drugs. There is evidence to show that the herbs are safer and the chemical leads that are isolated from the medicinal plants are potent in controlling diabetes. The antidiabetic activity of herbs was proven, and the mechanism of action of the drugs was also established in many pieces of research. The polyherbal churna was prepared using various herbs like Tinospora, Glycerrihiza etc. that are already proven for the antidiabetic activity. This formulation was investigated for the antidiabetic activity at two doses and was compared with a marketed formulation and also a standard synthetic drug in STZ induced DM method. The prepared churna formulation showed a better activity compared with the standard and the marketed churna. The prepared churna at 200mg dose showed better activity than the 100mg dose.

Rosmarinic acid: modes of action, medicinal values and health benefits

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Alagawany ◽  
Mohamed Ezzat Abd El-Hack ◽  
Mayada Ragab Farag ◽  
Marappan Gopi ◽  
Kumaragurubaran Karthik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Natural Polyphenol ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Livestock Health

AbstractThe supplementation of livestock rations with herbs containing bioactive components, such as rosmarinic acid (RA), have shown promising results as a natural feed additive in promoting growth, productive and reproductive performance, feed utilization, fertility, anti-oxidant status and immunologic indices. Furthermore, RA reportedly reduces the risks of various animal diseases and mitigates side effects of chemical and synthetic drugs. RA is a natural polyphenol present in several Lamiaceae herbs like Perilla frutescens, and RA is becoming an integral component of animal nutrition as it counters the effect of reactive oxygen species induced in the body as a consequence of different kinds of stressors. Studies have further ascertained the capability of RA to work as an anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, hepato- and renal-protectant agent, as well as to have beneficial effects during skin afflictions. Additionally, RA is favored in meat industries due to enhancing the quality of meat products by reportedly improving shelf-life and imparting desirable flavor. This review describes the beneficial applications and recent findings with RA, including its natural sources, modes of action and various useful applications in safeguarding livestock health as well as important aspects of human health.

scholarly journals A Review on Ethnopharmacological Applications and Pharmacological Activities of Leea macrophylla

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Plants are used as a potential source of medicines since the prehistoric period. Medicinal plants are the richest bio-resource of drugs of a number of traditional systems of medicines. Medicinal plants can also be used as nutraceuticals, food supplements, folk medicines, pharmaceutical intermediates, and chemical entities for synthetic drugs. A good number of researches on medicinal plants have enriched the science of modern medicine over the last decades. Leea macrophylla (Leeaceae) locally known as ‘Hastikarna palasa’ is a shrub that has been used in herbal medicine as a cure for a number of disorders. Several studies have proven that the plant possesses potential antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, neuropharmacological and anti-diabetic activities. Tribal communities used the plant parts as a remedy for a number of ailments as well as nutritional products. Established in-vitro and in-vivo studies were conducted to get evidence of pharmacological activities of the plant parts. This review paper focuses on the phytopharmacological activities and traditional uses of the plant which may help further research activities on L. macrophylla by giving up-to-date information about the plant.

scholarly journals Ehretia microphylla Tablet Formulation for Biliary and Gastrointestinal Colic: A Review of its Phytochemical Constituents, Pharmacologic Activities and Clinical Researches

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charisse Leanne B. Legaspi ◽  
Daisy-Mae A. Bagaoisan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Conservation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Current State ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

The persistence of human diseases challenges the current state of the discovery and production of synthetic drugs. Plants are recognized as a great resource to discover chemical compounds that can be used for drug development. In the Philippines, Ehretia microphylla (tsaang gubat) is recognized by the Department of Health as one of the ten recommended medicinal plants. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the traditional use, phytochemical constituents, pharmacologic activities as well as the non-clinical and clinical studies leading to the NIRPROMP formulation of the tsaang gubat tablet indicated for biliary and gastrointestinal pain. Among the phytochemical constituents observed were flavonoids, phenolics, triterpenes, and alkaloids. Evidence for other pharmacologic properties such as antibacterial, anti-angiogenesis, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, folliculogenesis, wound healing and anti-cancer activities are presented. Currently, tsaang gubat tablet has been granted a full patent for its invention as a tablet for relieving symptoms of biliary and gastrointestinal colic and is registered with the Philippine Food and Drug Administration for these indications. The tsaang gubat tablet is listed in the Philippine National Formulary after the conduct of in vitro, in vivo and Phase I-III clinical trials. Future platforms for research include the reformulation of the existing tsaang gubat drug for other indications, determination of the molecular mechanism of action and plans for plant conservation.

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