scholarly journals THE ORTHODOX CONCEPT «SOUL» IN THE STORY «TAIGA» BY V. SHISHKOV

2021 ◽  
pp. 254-264
Author(s):  
Арсений Сергеевич Ефремов
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Concept ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Original Picture ◽  
Biblical Concepts

Повесть В.Я. Шишкова «Тайга» рассматривается с точки зрения воплощенной в нем христианской идеи. Автор исследует религиозный концепт душа , его взаимодействие с такими библейскими понятиями, как грех, праведность, жертвенность и ряд других. Делается вывод, что мотив человеческой души в христианском понимании является одним из ведущих в произведении Шишкова, он активно участвует в создании оригинальной картины мира, в основе которой лежат православные ценности. Исходя из анализа текста делается вывод о том, что традиционное восприятие повести «Тайга» как произведения революционно-демократической направленности не учитывает многих аспектов, связанных с православной верой, что существенно обедняет и сужает понимание ее идейного содержания. V. Shishkov’s novel «Taiga» is considered from the point of view of the Christian idea embodied in it. The author explores the religious concept of the soul, its interaction with such biblical concepts as sin, righteousness, sacrifice, and a number of others. It is concluded that the motive of the human soul in the Christian sense is one of the leading ones in the work of Shishkov, he actively participates in the creation of an original picture of the world, which is based on Orthodox values. Based on the analysis of the text, it is concluded that the traditional perception of the story «Taiga» as a work of revolutionary-democratic orientation does not take into account many aspects related to the Orthodox faith, which significantly impoverishes and narrows the understanding of its ideological content.

JESUS CHRIST’S IMAGE TRANSFORMATION IN THE WORKS BY A. BLOK: FROM EARLY WORKS TO THE POEM “THE TWELVE”

Neophilology ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Elena Valeryevna Grudinina
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Lyric Poetry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Image Transformation ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Insight ◽  
False Idea ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Mortal Danger

We present the analysis the image of Jesus Christ in the early lyric poetry and the final chapters of the poem “The Twelve” by A. Blok from the point of view of Orthodox spiritual thought. The study allows us to conclude that the poet, despite the specific creative manner of symbolism, very accurately conveys in his early works not only the crisis perception of the world, typical of society at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, but also a deep personal insight into the essence of Orthodox faith. As a result of comparing the image of Christ in the analyzed lyric works with the final image in the poem “The Twelve”, which received many different interpretations in critical literary practice, as well as the writings of philosophers and theologians, we conclude that Alexander Blok with his fine poetic ear and spiritual vision, astonishing accuracy portrayed the moral emptiness of people who had created an idol for themselves from a false idea. The element of destruction, the whirlwind of snow, which gave rise to the “tender” image of the false Christ, in fact poses a mortal danger to the human soul.

scholarly journals Powieść SF uwalniająca się od politycznych serwitutów

2015 ◽  
pp. 209-236
Author(s):  
Ryszard Handke
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Stanislaw Lem ◽  
Blind Faith ◽  
Linguistic Means

Science-Fiction Novel Liberates Itself from Political DuesThe present issue of "Colloquia Humanistica" contains Professor Ryszard Handke's two last essays, until now unpublished. They belong together and deal with the works of Stanisław Lem, namely with the creation of a sui generis dictionary of this outstanding sci-fi writer. Handke highlights the coming of a new age in the evolution of the genre, already foreshadowed in Lem's early novels. This new sci-fi abandons uncritical beliefs in the power of science leading man to the conquest of cosmos and to a perfection of Earth's civilization. In Handke's analysis, in his first essay discussing "Astronauts" and "Magellan's Nebula," and in the second devoted to "Eden," Lem's evolution starts from a blind faith in the Marxist progress of civilization based on materialistic technocracy and moves towards an increasingly open polemic with this point of view, clearly demonstrating the beginning of doubts or of caution against an excessive faith in progress. The author of the essays is principally interested in the linguistic layer of the novels, the sci-fi terminology designating phenomena, objects or equipments from the imagined future. Handke analyzes the world reflected in the language and attempts to assemble a corpus invented by Lem in order to create an illusion of the future. The language seen from the perspective of the two texts remains a meaningful platform, but not a transparent one. This is where the space of the author's game with the readers begins, the space of inter-textual, cultural references, where the mentioned earlier naiveté of the older science fiction breaks down and an element of doubt, surprise, or irony surfaces frequently. The use of concrete linguistic means is conditioned by the creation of a world displaying a clearly determined character that borrows its particularities from the linguistic image of a fictional quasi-reality. It also results from the applied technique of story telling, from ways of verifying narration and from mechanisms of the reader's understanding of the meaning of words as building blocks of the presented world. The first novel discussed by Handke – "Astronauts" (1951), remains in the essayist's view still in the optimistic current of science fiction; the "fantastic" terminology, while already foreshadowing Lem's later plays with words, is deeply rooted in the traditional perception of the technical world. In the later novel – "Magellan's Nebula" – the focus of interest veers to how to construct with words a world in extreme conditions, i. e. when mimetic support in creation and in spelling out relations between the linguistic signs and what they designate, is curtailed. That is why, the attention is not centered on the spaces where the author takes advantage of the possibility of referring to phenomena and names known to the broadcaster and to the receiver in the real reality. The narrational situation constructed in the novel relies also on the premise that not much had changed in these fields, despite the passage of centuries, because human nature remains significantly the same. Both novels, while a system of "fantastic" concepts has been imposed on the presented world, reflect in fact current socio-political problems that cannot be grasped outside of the context provided by the communist faith in progress. "Eden" on the other hand, shows Lem's wavering in his faith in progress. In the novel, Earth people face another civilization; the author of the essay compares this narrational situation to the building of utopia, only situated in the Cosmos. The linguistic layer here resembles Lem's mature works, where irony in the creation of words keeps the readers at a distance when they view the displayed world and makes them ponder the author's intention.

scholarly journals The Gaze of the Soul and of the Angel in the Renaissance Philosophy of Marsilio Ficino

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Marko Uršič
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Symbolic Form ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Marsilio Ficino ◽  
Renaissance Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Erwin Panofsky ◽  
The Universe

The Renaissance rediscovered the soul as the focus of the universe. Marsilio Ficino calls the soul the “bond of the world” (copula mundi), because it connects the earth and the heaven, immanence and transcendence, time and eternity. On the other hand, the centre of the world becomes more and more relative during the Renaissance period, and individual souls live more and more in their particular times and spaces. In Renaissance paintings, a soul's point of view is determined by perspective, as developed by Masaccio, Fra Angelico, Piero della Francesca et al., and the very position of the eye also features as a “symbolic form” (Erwin Panofsky). However, above each individual and “mobile” soul there are the wings of the “motionless” angel: super animam mobilem est immobilis angelus, as Ficino says in his renaissance Christianity, in reviewing the Platonic-Gnostic myth of the omnipresent angelic gaze. In the archetype of the angel Ficino perceives a metaphor for the all-knowing Intellect, towards which the human soul ascends. Following the iconology of Ernst Gombrich, this paper also takes notice of the influence of Ficino's philosophy on Botticelli's paintings.

scholarly journals Is the Whole Being of Man Created in the Image of God?

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-103
Author(s):  
Сергий Фуфаев
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
The World ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Image Of God ◽  
Comprehensive Study

В данной статье предпринята попытка ответить на вопрос «Всё ли существо человека создано по образу Божию?» в свете некоторых библейско-богословских аспектов Предания Церкви. В святоотеческой экзегезе существуют противоречивые суждения относительно того, что именно в человеке соответствует образу Божию. В этом плане святоотеческие суждения можно условно разделить на две основные позиции: 1) образ Божий заключён в душе человека и её силах; 2) образ Божий заключён во всём существе человека. Вторая позиция более проблематична. Однако и первая позиция содержит в себе проблему. В целях выяснения того, какая святоотеческая позиция является наиболее обоснованной, автор обращается к повествованию Книги Бытия о сотворении человека, некоторым местам Нового Завета, в которых говорится, в каком отношении к Богу должен находиться человек, к святоотеческим толкованиям, а также к догматам Православной Церкви. По итогам данного комплексного исследования автор пришёл к двум основным выводам: 1) образ Божий заключён во всём существе человека, которое при этом, однако, содержит в себе и образ мира; 2) образ Божий предельно похож на Первообраз. This article attempts to answer the question «is the whole being of man created in the image of God?» in the light of some biblical and theological aspects of the ecclesiastical tradition. There are contradictory judgments in patristic exegesis as to what exactly in man corresponds to the image of God. In this regard, patristic judgments can be divided into two main positions: 1) the image of God is enclosed in the human soul and its forces; 2) the image of God is enclosed in the entire being of man. The second position is more problematic. However, the first position also contains a problem. The purpose of research is to find out what patristic position is the most reasonable. To this end, the author refers to the narrative of Genesis about the creation of man, some passages in the New Testament that say in what relation to God a person should be, to patristic interpretations, as well as to the dogmas of the Orthodox Church. Аccording to the results of this comprehensive study, the author came to two main conclusions: 1) the image of God is enclosed in the whole being of man, however, the whole being of man contains the image of the world; 2) the image of God is extremely similar to the original Image.

Creation Ex Nihilo: Something from Nothing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlatko Vedral
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ex Nihilo ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Being Religious ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

Every civilization in the history of humanity has had its myth of creation. Humans have a deeply rooted and seemingly insatiable desire to understand not only their own origins but also the origins of other things around them. Most if not all of the myths since the dawn of man involve some kind of higher or supernatural beings which are intimately related to the existence and functioning of all things in the Universe. Modern man still holds a multitude of different views of the ultimate origin of the Universe, though a couple of the most well represented religions, Christianity and Islam, maintain that there was a single creator responsible for all that we see around us. It is a predominant belief in Catholicism, accounting for about one-sixth of humanity, that the Creator achieved full creation of the Universe out of nothing – a belief that goes under the name of creation ex nihilo. (To be fair, not all Catholics believe this, but they ought to if they follow the Pope.) Postulating a supernatural being does not really help explain reality since then we only displace the question of the origins of reality to explaining the existence of the supernatural being. To this no religion offers any real answers. If you think that scientists might have a vastly more insightful understanding of the origin of the Universe compared to that of major religions, then you’d better think again. Admittedly, most scientists are probably atheists (interestingly, more than 95% in the United Kingdom) but this does not necessarily mean that they do not hold some kind of a belief about what the Creation was like and where all this stuff around us comes from. The point is that, under all the postulates and axioms, if you dig far enough, you’ll find that they are as stumped as anyone else. So, from the point of view of explaining why there is a reality and where it ultimately comes from, being religious or not makes absolutely no difference – we all end up with the same tricky question. Every time I read a book on the religious or philosophical outlook of the world I cannot help but recognize many ideas in there as related to some ideas that we have in science.

History of Organizational Psychology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio Carpintero
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Organizational Psychology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Worker Satisfaction ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Practical Field

Organizational psychology represents an important theoretical and practical field of contemporary psychological science that studies mental and behavioral phenomena that take place in individuals and groups belonging to social organizations. From a historical point of view, the roots of this specialty can be traced to the psychological approaches to the world of industry and work that began to appear in the beginning of the 20th century. The discovery of the relevance of individual differences in both mental and behavioral processes paved the way to the creation of a scientific and technical knowledge that could maximize an adaptation of humans at work that would benefit industrial activities, would increase worker satisfaction, and bring progress and peace to all of society. Such specialized knowledge has evolved during the past century through a series of stages that permitted a growing theoretical complexity and more efficient technological interventions. This evolution of basic topics includes the study of the human operator; humankind’s capacities and abilities; the influence of social factors upon people in the workplace; and the structures of all sorts of organizations created to obtain desired and needed goals. The relevance of social powers influencing the world of labor have made possible the creation of a rigorous and complex body of scientific knowledge that continuously provides information, advice, and help to modern society in its economic, social, and political structures.

scholarly journals GENESIS OF THE GENRE OF TALES

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Holy Book

The article deals with the problem of the increasing emphasis on the genre of tales, a deeper analysis of reality, a look at the deep and dark pits of the human soul, and the essence of life. When we research the nature of the genre of tales, we can observe the versatility of images, the intensity of conflict, the depth of psychological analysis, the diversity of artistic and visual means, and the diversity of themes. Studying the development of the genre of the story, the stages of development further strengthens the view of the genre. Allah, possessor of the Exalted in Power, revealed in the Divine Book the knowledge of the universe to men. The scholars and scientists of the world are still astounded with the miracles of the Holy Word. The message of the creation of man is found in the holy verses of the Koran in a form of a compact narrative. It clearly shows human's inner and outer character. The secret of the place and time contains the underlying hint at centuries old mysteries. The criterion of time, which does not exist in the present, was also first shown on the pages of the Holy Book. The birth of the Prophets, the Divine Gospel has been synthesized in chronotopes, such as heaven, ocean, mountains, and earth. During their journeys, they show the character of the Prophecy and the Prophets, their intelligence and power. The story focuses on the origins and the core of such sciences as religion, history, philosophy, psychology, medicine, geography, logic, and art. In the Koran, the word narrative is used in Surahs, and presupposes the interpretation of events at a global scale, at a human level, from the celestial depth to the earthly layer, from the first Adam to the last messenger Muhammad. A particular attention is paid to the significance of narratives and tales in folklore and classical literature.

scholarly journals PROBLEM ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF THE LEGAL INSTITUTE OF CONSOLIDATED TAXPAYERS’ GROUPS IN RUSSIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Irina Glazunova
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
The Moment

The subject. The article is devoted to the prerequisites of the emergence and essential characteristics of the institution of consolidated taxpayers’ groups in Russia and abroad, revealing of advantages and disadvantages of the legal regulation of the creation and operation of consolidated groups of payers of corporate profits tax, analyzing results and directions of the development of tax consolidation in Russian Federation.The purpose of the article is to identify positive and negative aspects of the functioning of the institution of consolidated taxpayers’ groups in Russia with the establishment of prospects of tax consolidation and the likely directions of its development.The description of the problem field. The development of the world economic system stimulates the emergence of new forms of management, characterized by the enlargement of busi-ness, the pooling of resources of individual enterprises into a single system in order to optimize entrepreneurial activity. These trends are reflected in the development of tax systems of various countries, that is expressed in the formation of institutions of consolidated taxpayers’ groups. Tax consolidation in Russia is a relatively new phenomenon, and it seems necessary to examine this institution from the law enforcement point of view, to evaluate its effectiveness.Methods and methodology. The authors used methods of analysis, synthesis, as well as formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical methods of investigation.Results and the scope of its application. The authors note that the institution of tax consolidation today is presented in the tax systems of most modern countries.The practice of applying the institution of consolidated taxpayers’ groups testifies to the existence of a significant number of advantages and disadvantages of tax consolidation in Russia. The moratorium on the creation of consolidated taxpayers’ groups, due to the contradictory nature of their influence on the structure of regional budgets, the main directions of the tax policy of Russia testify to the forthcoming reform of tax consolidation in Russia.Conclusions. The emergence of the institution of tax consolidation is a natural consequence of the development of the world economy. Most developed countries of the world actively introduce elements of consolidation into taxation systems, successfully providing a balance between the positive and negative consequences of its implementation. Meanwhile, the level of preparation and implementation of tax consolidation in Russia at the moment is not high enough, so the institution requires a consistent reform.

scholarly journals Clothing Design and Ornament Function in the Constructivist Fashion of the 1920s-1930s

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Galina Ignatenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Clothing Design ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Cultural Code

The development of clothing of the 1920s-1930s and its role in the formation of new productivist art are considered in the article. At the beginning of the 20th century, the world underwent not only enormous changes but also the loss of self-identification, both on a personal level and on a social level. The Russian Avant-Garde of the early 20th century became the prototype of not only new art but also claimed to have created a unified system of values. Artists turned their attention to clothing as a new widespread form of language. At the same time, finding a functional application to their creativity was the task. Reconstructing the role of clothing in human life was part of the "life building" concept of the early 20th century. The implementation of this idea was seen in the creation of a universal formula not only for creative work but also for life. The utopian idea of the unification of clothing formed the basis for the creation of anti-class functional working clothes. The project of creating universal clothing for mass production is a vivid example of the practical embodiment of the new productivist art. The search for a new form of dress, as a new cultural code, seemed an extremely attractive idea both from an ideological and artistic point of view. The new concept of universal clothing for work and sports transmitted the idea of creating a person of a new world - the builder of a new life. At the same time, denying fashion as a gender-oriented art form, constructivists tried to use concise forms, avoiding decoration and deliberate embellishment. The creation of innovative clothing for mass production also brings up the subject of the appearance of a new canon of the image of a woman, which changed not only the idea of an aesthetic ideal but also its role in society. At the same time, laboratories, which in their work synthesized the trends and challenges of the new time already existing in the world of Western fashion, were working. An attempt to unite Western fashion trends, national traditions, and mass production can be traced both in the practices of constructivist artists and in the works of artists who collaborated with Atelier of Fashion. New interpretations of folk traditions, as part of the search for self-identity, influenced the inclusion of a number of ornamental techniques in the artistic practices of the early 20th century. On the example of the creative work of V. Stepanova, L. Popova, and N. Lamanova’s design, different approaches to the formation of new dress are compared. The article analyzes how the transformation of the approach to clothing design becomes an indicator of sociocultural, political, and ideological changes.

scholarly journals The Gaze of the Soul and of the Angel in the Renaissance Philosophy of Marsilio Ficino

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Marko Uršič
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Symbolic Form ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Marsilio Ficino ◽  
Renaissance Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Erwin Panofsky ◽  
The Universe

The Renaissance rediscovered the soul as the focus of the universe. Marsilio Ficino calls the soul the “bond of the world” (copula mundi), because it connects the earth and the heaven, immanence and transcendence, time and eternity. On the other hand, the centre of the world becomes more and more relative during the Renaissance period, and individual souls live more and more in their particular times and spaces. In Renaissance paintings, a soul's point of view is determined by perspective, as developed by Masaccio, Fra Angelico, Piero della Francesca et al., and the very position of the eye also features as a “symbolic form” (Erwin Panofsky). However, above each individual and “mobile” soul there are the wings of the “motionless” angel: super animam mobilem est immobilis angelus, as Ficino says in his renaissance Christianity, in reviewing the Platonic-Gnostic myth of the omnipresent angelic gaze. In the archetype of the angel Ficino perceives a metaphor for the all-knowing Intellect, towards which the human soul ascends. Following the iconology of Ernst Gombrich, this paper also takes notice of the influence of Ficino's philosophy on Botticelli's paintings.

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