scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of the process of functioning of objects and technical means of ensuring airfield control

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
A. A. Brailko ◽  
O. V. Gromov ◽  
G. I. Litinsky ◽  
V. K. Gromov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Water Separator ◽  
Key Issues

In the process of performing a complex of works on refueling of civil aviation aircraft, one of the key issues is to ensure flight safety by controlling the quality of aviation fuel directly during refueling operations. Currently, to ensure the purity of the refueled jet fuel, water separators with filter elements of a normalized degree of purification are installed on the aircraft refueling facilities, the operation of which in the working area provides normalized indicators of cleaning jet fuel from water and mechanical impurities. As practice shows, in the process of refueling aircraft, for various objective and subjective reasons, sometimes there are stochastic situations in which quality indicators go beyond the limits established by regulatory documentation and are not deterministic, and the subsequent state of such a system is described by values that characterize an extremely low level of jet fuel purification with negative consequences for flight safety. This paper presents a mathematical description of the functioning of water separator filters in the working area, where standardized indicators of the quality of aviation fuel are provided during the refueling of aircraft. The article deals with the issue of blocking the refueling of aircraft in the event of the appearance of non-normalized technical documentation indicators of the quality of aviation fuel, which arise due to a number of different factors that lead to negative cause-and-effect relationships for flight safety. Based on the mathematical description, an approach to creating a system for protecting and blocking the refueling process under the working name "Barrier" is proposed. Of the greatest interest for the study are typical water separator filters installed on refueling vehicles as terminal technical devices for fuel purification during refueling of aircraft.

scholarly journals Substantiation of the ratio of biofuel and kerosin in the mixture for its application as aviation fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
V. M. Samoylenko ◽  
K. I. Gryadunov ◽  
A. N. Timoshenko ◽  
S. Ardeshiri
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Fuel Prices

Today, technologies for the production of alternative fuels and for the development of engines on different operating principles are actively developing, due to both the tightening of the environmental requirements of ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) for harmful emissions into the atmosphere and the depletion of non-renewable resources, and the interests of the oil importing countries. Strict requirements are imposed on the quality of aviation fuels related to ensuring the reliability of aviation technology and flight safety. Requirement toughening for quality indicators will inevitably lead to higher fuel prices, so today we can observe some concessions in domestic and foreign regulatory documents to certain quality indicators of aviation fuels, for example, to indicators of low-temperature properties. It follows that the use of petroleum fuels will sooner or later become inappropriate. Technologies to produce synthetic and biological fuels from various types of raw materials make it possible to obtain fuel with close quality indicators to traditional kerosene, but it has not yet been completely replaced. Therefore, today we are considering the use of alternative fuels in a mixture with petroleum kerosene in various proportions. The question remains open: in what proportion is it possible to use mixtures of alternative fuel with kerosene on the aircraft without any negative consequences for their operation. Based on the known dependencies, a mathematical model is proposed for calculating some operational indicators of fuel, engine and aircraft depending on the proportion of mixing alternative fuel and kerosene. In accordance with the calculations, the most rational ratio of petroleum kerosene and SPK fuel is substantiated both from the point of view of the necessary operational properties and from the point of view of economic feasibility.

Properties, Characteristics, and Combustion Performance of Sasol Fully Synthetic Jet Fuel

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford A. Moses ◽  
Petrus N. J. Roets
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Synthetic Test ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Test Fuel

In 1999, as the only inland petroleum refinery in South Africa was reaching capacity, Sasol gained approval of a semi-synthetic jet fuel (SSJF) for civil aviation to augment production and meet the growing demand for jet fuel at the airport in Johannesburg. Prior to this, all jet fuel had to be refined from petroleum sources. SSJF consists of up to 50% of an iso-paraffinic kerosene produced from coal using Fischer-Tropsch processes. The production of SSJF remains vulnerable to the production capacity of conventional jet fuel, however. To ensure supply, Sasol has proposed producing a fully synthetic jet fuel (FSJF) using synthetic kerosene streams that contain aromatics and satisfy all the property requirements of international specifications for jet fuel. Being fully synthetic, it was necessary to demonstrate that the fuel is “fit-for-purpose” as jet fuel, i.e., behaves like conventional jet fuel in all aspects of storage and handling as well as air worthiness and flight safety. Four sample blends were developed covering the practical range of production. Extensive tests on chemistry and physical properties and characteristics demonstrated that Sasol FSJF will be typical of conventional jet fuel. As a final demonstration, the engine manufacturers requested a series of engine and combustor tests to evaluate combustion characteristics, emissions, engine durability, and performance. The performance of the synthetic test fuel was typical of conventional jet fuel. This paper identifies the tests and presents the results demonstrating that Sasol fully synthetic jet fuel is fit-for-purpose as jet fuel for civilian aviation. Sasol FSJF is the first fully synthetic jet fuel approved for unrestricted use.

Properties, Characteristics, and Combustion Performance of Sasol Fully Synthetic Jet Fuel

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford A. Moses ◽  
Petrus N. J. Roets
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Synthetic Test ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Test Fuel

In 1999, as the only inland petroleum refinery in South Africa was reaching capacity, Sasol gained approval of a semisynthetic jet fuel (SSJF) for civil aviation to augment production and meet the growing demand for jet fuel at the airport in Johannesburg. Prior to this, all jet fuel had to be refined from petroleum sources. SSJF consists of up to 50% of an isoparaffinic kerosene produced from coal using Fischer–Tropsch processes. The production of SSJF remains vulnerable to the production capacity of conventional jet fuel, however. To ensure supply, Sasol has proposed producing a fully synthetic jet fuel (FSJF) using synthetic kerosene streams that contain aromatics and satisfy all the property requirements of international specifications for jet fuel. Being fully synthetic, it was necessary to demonstrate that the fuel is “fit-for-purpose” as jet fuel, i.e., behaves like conventional jet fuel in all aspects of storage and handling as well as air worthiness and flight safety. Four sample blends were developed, covering the practical range of production. Extensive tests on chemistry and physical properties and characteristics demonstrated that Sasol FSJF will be typical of conventional jet fuel. As a final demonstration, the engine manufacturers requested a series of engine and combustor tests to evaluate combustion characteristics, emissions, engine durability, and performance. The performance of the synthetic test fuel was typical of conventional jet fuel. This paper identifies the tests and presents the results demonstrating that Sasol fully synthetic jet fuel is fit-for-purpose as jet fuel for civilian aviation. Sasol FSJF is the first fully synthetic jet fuel approved for unrestricted use.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of objects functioning and technical means for airfield control ensuring process

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
V. M. Samoilenko ◽  
O. V. Gromov ◽  
G. I. Litinsky ◽  
V. K. Gromov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Markov Processes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
New Variables

In civil aviation primary focus is on the quality of fuel filled in the aircraft fuel tanks, as one of the components of flight safety ensuring. The introduction of digital technologies and trends in automation, digitalization of modern civil aviation aircraft provision are becoming the basic tool for civil aviation refueling complexes in terms of ensuring flight safety of civil aviation aircraft. This article considers the processes of airfield control that take place in the stationary operating conditions of refueling complexes of civil aviation airports as Markov processes and studies the approaches to their mathematical modeling. The authors claim that in the case of disruption, there is a transition from Markov to Poisson processes, which mathematical description requires different approaches. The practical application of these statements is obvious in the study of the states probabilities value as a function of time t. For practical purposes, the limiting probabilities of states at t→∞ are of interest. This creates conditions for entering new variables, such as performance and others. Thus, Markov processes allow us to apply the mathematical apparatus of operations research, where the system of states is transformed into the queuing system. To maintain Markov processes, the authors suggest giving due consideration to the objects and technical means of airfield control functioning including: retrofitting of filling points and refueling facilities with closed sampling systems, operational measurement of aviation fuel quality indicators and registration of their results, automated monitoring of filter elements condition while refueling and its blocking in the case of stochastic differential pressure beyond the specified indicators. A special novelty is the view on the measuring process of the aircraft refueling operations as an integral part of airfield control, using block chain technologies as an advanced application of Markov chains.

scholarly journals ВЛИЯНИЕ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО ФАКТОРА НА ПРОЦЕСС ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ, ВЫЯВЛЯЕМОЕ ПРИ НОРМОКОНТРОЛЕ КОНСТРУКТОРСКОЙ ДОКУМЕНТАЦИИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Виктория Викторовна Кокотина ◽  
Сергей Михайлович Степаненко ◽  
Виталий Григорьевич Харченко
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Design Documentation ◽  
Manufacturing Assembly

The role of the “human factor” in aviation is considered primarily as the most important condition affecting the level and state of flight safety of any kind of aircraft. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) defines the “human factor” as a priority in the field of flight safety. Reliability and safety of flights are influenced by the quality of preparation of aviation equipment for flight, the quality of manufacturing, assembly, acceptance and preflight tests, the quality of the design of aircraft, engines, the quality of the development of drawings, related technical and operational documentation. It is noted that in any activity the “human factor” is manifested by errors, oversights, and omissions, or miscalculations that a person makes while carrying out his work. In the theory of the “man-machine” relationship, a system is proposed for evaluating the production preparedness and skill of specialists (and in particular, designers) in different operating modes, based on concepts such as “Skill”, “Rule”, “Knowledge". The influence of the “human factor” on the design process is evaluated according to the results of the normative control of design documentation (CD). Conducting normative control of the design documentation is aimed at identifying errors associated with non-compliance with the norms and requirements established by the standards in the developed products; failure to comply with requirements for standardization and unification levels; failure to comply with the requirements for the rational use of restrictive nomenclatures of standardized products, design standards, grades of materials, profiles and sizes of rolled products, etc. The frequency of the repetition of the same errors detected during standard control is analyzed, and the need for periodic repetition of the knowledge of designers is shown. It is noted that the availability of electronic databases, which can be used by computer designers and developers through the computer network of the enterprise and all the specialists who coordinate it, significantly affects the “human factor” in the design process.

scholarly journals АДАПТАЦИЯ ОТОБРАЖЕНИЯ ПИЛОТАЖНО-НАВИГАЦИОННОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ В СИСТЕМЕ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ ИНДИКАЦИИ ВОЗДУШНОГО СУДНА

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Elena I. Stepnova ◽  
◽  
Sergei K. Kiselev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Adaptive Method ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Navigation Data ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
The Impact

The problem of flight safety continues to be of great importance in civil aviation, despite today aviation is the safest mode of transport. Particular attention is paid to the human factor, since it has a significant impact on safety. The article analyzes the impact of eye strain caused by displayed flight navigation data on a pilot during landing and discusses how to reduce it. It considers how the pilot interacts with aircraft equipment. The flight data, increasing eye strain, but having no affects on successful landing of the aircraft is specified. The article substantiates the necessity of adaptive display of flight data on the screen during landing. The proposed adaptive method for displaying flight navigation data is supposed to reduce the pilot’s eye strain, which contributes to improved quality of piloting and ensures flight safety.

Assessing the Quality of Management of Transformation Processes in Economic Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 952-956
Author(s):  
M. V. Malyshkina ◽  
M. V. Miroslavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Organizational Transformation ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Transformation Processes

Aim. The presented study aims to develop the methodology for assessing the quality of management of organizational transformation processes. Tasks. To achieve the set aim, the authors solve the following problems: determine the essence and content of socio-economic transformation, formulate quality assurance principles for the management of transformation processes, draw attention to the problem of selecting a unified quality criterion for the management of organizational transformation processes. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, including analysis and synthesis. It also applies a systems approach to identify the major problems of assessing the quality of management of transformation processes, including the problem of selecting a unified quality criterion for the management of transformation processes and formulating the principles of ensuring the quality of management of transformation processes. Results. The global problem of managing transformation processes in the economic system consists in the complexity of the managed processes, which increases due to the multidimensionality, mutual influence, and the resulting uncertainty of interactions between the elements of the system. It is concluded that the methodology for assessing the quality of management of transformation processes is based on the principle of integrating separate measures to improve the quality of management of system elements into a single system of management actions and the principle of ensuring that management actions are primarily aimed at preventing possible negative consequences of the transformation of economic systems, i.e. reducing the potential impact of unfavorable events and their consequences. To assess the effectiveness of targeted management actions and productive actions aimed at organizing, controlling, and guiding the transformation process, the authors actualize the problem of selecting an adequate quality criterion for the management of transformation processes in economic systems and put forward a hypothesis about a possible unified criterion of management quality. Conclusions. The principle of integrating separate measures to improve the quality of management of system elements and the principle of ensuring that management actions are aimed at preventing possible negative consequences lie at the core of the methodology for assessing the quality of management of transformation processes in economic systems. The quality assessment methodology should be developed in the direction of finding a unified quality criterion for managing transformation processes in economic systems.

Effects and Risks of Distance Learning in Higher Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Tsygalov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Online Education ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
First Results ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
The Cost

The forced work of Russian universities remotely in the context of the pandemic (COVID-19) has generated a lot of discussion about the benefits of the new form of education. The first results were summed up and reports were presented, the materials of which showed that the main goal of online education — the prevention of the spread of infection, - has been achieved. Against this background, proposals and publications have appeared substantiating the effectiveness of the massive introduction of distance learning in Russia, including in higher education. However, the assessment of such training by the population and students in publications and in social networks was predominantly negative and showed that the number of emerging problems exceeds the possible benefits of the new educational technology. Based on the analysis of the materials of publications and personal experience of teaching online, the potential benefits and problems of distance learning in higher education in Russia are considered. It is proposed to consider the effects separately for the suppliers of new technology (government, universities) and consumers (students, teachers, society). It is substantiated that the massive introduction of online education allows not only to reduce the negative consequences of epidemics, but also to reduce budgetary funding for universities, optimize the age composition of teachers, and reduce the cost of maintaining educational buildings. However, there will be a leveling / averaging of the quality of education, and responsibility for the quality of training will shift from the state/universities to students. The critical shortcomings of online education are the low degree of readiness of the digital infrastructure, the lack of a mechanism for identifying and monitoring the work of students, information security problems, and the lack of trust in such training of the population. The massive use of online education creates a number of risks for the country, the most critical of which is the destruction of the higher education system and a drop in the effectiveness of personnel training. The consequences of this risk realization are not compensated by any possible budget savings.

scholarly journals Modelling the Quality of Bathing Waters in the Adriatic Sea

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1525
Author(s):  
Christian Ferrarin ◽  
Pierluigi Penna ◽  
Antonella Penna ◽  
Vedrana Spada ◽  
Fabio Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Bathing Water Directive ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Diffusion Dynamics ◽  
Study Sites

The aim of this study is to develop a relocatable modelling system able to describe the microbial contamination that affects the quality of coastal bathing waters. Pollution events are mainly triggered by urban sewer outflows during massive rainy events, with relevant negative consequences on the marine environment and tourism and related activities of coastal towns. A finite element hydrodynamic model was applied to five study areas in the Adriatic Sea, which differ for urban, oceanographic and morphological conditions. With the help of transport-diffusion and microbial decay modules, the distribution of Escherichia coli was investigated during significant events. The numerical investigation was supported by detailed in situ observational datasets. The model results were evaluated against water level, sea temperature, salinity and E. coli concentrations acquired in situ, demonstrating the capacity of the modelling suite in simulating the circulation in the coastal areas of the Adriatic Sea, as well as several main transport and diffusion dynamics, such as riverine and polluted waters dispersion. Moreover, the results of the simulations were used to perform a comparative analysis among the different study sites, demonstrating that dilution and mixing, mostly induced by the tidal action, had a stronger effect on bacteria reduction with respect to microbial decay. Stratification and estuarine dynamics also play an important role in governing microbial concentration. The modelling suite can be used as a beach management tool for improving protection of public health, as required by the EU Bathing Water Directive.

scholarly journals Barriers to Incident Reporting among Nurses: A Qualitative Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 019394592199944
Author(s):  
Moataz Mohamed Maamoun Hamed ◽  
Stathis Konstantinidis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Incident Reporting ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Incident Reporting Systems ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
Blame Culture ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Definition Of

Incident reporting in health care prevents error recurrence, ultimately improving patient safety. A qualitative systematic review was conducted, aiming to identify barriers to incident reporting among nurses. Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for qualitative systematic reviews was followed, with data extracted using JBI QARI tools, and selected studies assessed for methodological quality using Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). A meta-aggregation synthesis was carried out, and confidence in findings was assessed using GRADE ConQual. A total of 921 records were identified, but only five studies were included. The overall methodological quality of these studies was good and GRADE ConQual assessment score was “moderate.” Fear of negative consequences was the most cited barrier to nursing incident reporting. Barriers also included inadequate incident reporting systems and lack of interdisciplinary and interdepartmental cooperation. Lack of nurses’ necessary training made it more difficult to understand the importance of incident reporting and the definition of error. Lack of effective feedback and motivation and a pervasive blame culture were also identified.

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