scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of objects functioning and technical means for airfield control ensuring process

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
V. M. Samoilenko ◽  
O. V. Gromov ◽  
G. I. Litinsky ◽  
V. K. Gromov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Markov Processes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
New Variables

In civil aviation primary focus is on the quality of fuel filled in the aircraft fuel tanks, as one of the components of flight safety ensuring. The introduction of digital technologies and trends in automation, digitalization of modern civil aviation aircraft provision are becoming the basic tool for civil aviation refueling complexes in terms of ensuring flight safety of civil aviation aircraft. This article considers the processes of airfield control that take place in the stationary operating conditions of refueling complexes of civil aviation airports as Markov processes and studies the approaches to their mathematical modeling. The authors claim that in the case of disruption, there is a transition from Markov to Poisson processes, which mathematical description requires different approaches. The practical application of these statements is obvious in the study of the states probabilities value as a function of time t. For practical purposes, the limiting probabilities of states at t→∞ are of interest. This creates conditions for entering new variables, such as performance and others. Thus, Markov processes allow us to apply the mathematical apparatus of operations research, where the system of states is transformed into the queuing system. To maintain Markov processes, the authors suggest giving due consideration to the objects and technical means of airfield control functioning including: retrofitting of filling points and refueling facilities with closed sampling systems, operational measurement of aviation fuel quality indicators and registration of their results, automated monitoring of filter elements condition while refueling and its blocking in the case of stochastic differential pressure beyond the specified indicators. A special novelty is the view on the measuring process of the aircraft refueling operations as an integral part of airfield control, using block chain technologies as an advanced application of Markov chains.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of the process of functioning of objects and technical means of ensuring airfield control

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
A. A. Brailko ◽  
O. V. Gromov ◽  
G. I. Litinsky ◽  
V. K. Gromov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Water Separator ◽  
Key Issues

In the process of performing a complex of works on refueling of civil aviation aircraft, one of the key issues is to ensure flight safety by controlling the quality of aviation fuel directly during refueling operations. Currently, to ensure the purity of the refueled jet fuel, water separators with filter elements of a normalized degree of purification are installed on the aircraft refueling facilities, the operation of which in the working area provides normalized indicators of cleaning jet fuel from water and mechanical impurities. As practice shows, in the process of refueling aircraft, for various objective and subjective reasons, sometimes there are stochastic situations in which quality indicators go beyond the limits established by regulatory documentation and are not deterministic, and the subsequent state of such a system is described by values that characterize an extremely low level of jet fuel purification with negative consequences for flight safety. This paper presents a mathematical description of the functioning of water separator filters in the working area, where standardized indicators of the quality of aviation fuel are provided during the refueling of aircraft. The article deals with the issue of blocking the refueling of aircraft in the event of the appearance of non-normalized technical documentation indicators of the quality of aviation fuel, which arise due to a number of different factors that lead to negative cause-and-effect relationships for flight safety. Based on the mathematical description, an approach to creating a system for protecting and blocking the refueling process under the working name "Barrier" is proposed. Of the greatest interest for the study are typical water separator filters installed on refueling vehicles as terminal technical devices for fuel purification during refueling of aircraft.

scholarly journals Theoretical Preliminary Research of Aviation Fuel Quality Control as a Tool for Ensuring the Safety of Civil Aviation Aircraft

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Anatoly Brailko ◽  
Bоris Eliseev ◽  
Victoria Zharkova ◽  
Vladimír Němec
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
Practical Level

The article discusses the elements of creating and implementing innovative technological equipment for the refueling complex laboratory «TZK» - a single integrated quality management system for aviation fuel supply for civil aviation aircraft, by increasing the system's capabilities by adding new components. The introduction of digital technology, tools, industry 4.0 and trends of automation, digitalization, digitalization of modern aviation fuel aircraft HA become a basic tool of refueling complexes HECTARES in the security of aircraft, civil aviation, which is especially important in high intensity operations. The article presents a theoretical preliminary research of the issue before the following research from the theoretical level to the practical level of problem solving.

Microwave resonance method for measuring microliter volumes of free moisture in aviation fuels

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Vitaly V. Volkov ◽  
Michael A. Suslin ◽  
Jamil U. Dumbolov
Keyword(s):  
Solid Surface ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Resonance Method ◽  
Cavity Resonator ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Microwave Resonance ◽  
Free Moisture ◽  
Microwave Losses

One of the conditions for ensuring the safety of air transport operation is the quality of aviation fuel refueled in aircraft. Fuel quality control is a multi-parameter task that includes monitoring the free moisture content. Regulatory documents establish the content of free water no more than 0.0015% by weight. It is developed a direct electrometric microwave resonance method for controlling free moisture in aviation fuels, which consists in changing the shape of the water drops by pressing them on a solid surface inside a cylindrical cavity resonator. This can dramatically increase dielectric losses. Analytical and experimental analysis of the proposed method is carried out. The control range from 0,5 to 30 μl of absolute volume of moisture in aviation fuels with a maximum error of not morethan 25 % is justified. The sensitivity of the proposed method for monitoring microwave losses in free moisture drops transformed into a thin layer by pressing is an order of magnitude greater than the sensitivity of the method for monitoring microwave losses in moisture drops on a solid surface in a resonator. The proposed method can be used as a basis for the development of devices for monitoring the free moisture of aviation fuels in the conditions of the airfield and laboratory. The direction of development of the method is shown.

CAEP/9-agreed certification requirement for the Aeroplane CO2Emissions Standard: a comment on ICAO Cir 337

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (1226) ◽  
pp. 693-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Green ◽  
J.A. Jupp
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Range Equation ◽  
Main Criticism

ABSTRACTThe International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Circular Cir 337 is the first step towards ICAO establishing an Aeroplane CO2Emissions Standard to form part of Annex 16, Volume III to the Chicago Convention. It describes itself as ‘a work in progress’. This paper reviews Cir 337 against the background of flight physics, the published literature on aircraft fuel burn and CO2emissions and the current practices of the aircraft and engine manufacturers and the airline operators. We have taken, as our starting point, the aim of ICAO to reduce the fuel used per revenue tonne-kilometre performed and argue that the Breguet range equation, which captures all the relevant flight physics, should be the basis of the metric system underpinning the standard. Our overall conclusion is that Cir 337 provides an excellent basis for the initial regulation of aviation's CO2emissions and, further in the future, for developing measures to increase the fuel efficiency of the operational side of civil aviation. Our main criticism of the circular in its current form is that it does not address the ICAO goal of reducingfuel used per revenue tonne-kilometre performedand makes no reference to payload. This defect could be eliminated simply by omission of the exponent 0.24 of the Reference Geometric Factor (RGF) in the formula for the metric given in Chapter 2 (paragraph 2.2) of the circular. Retaining theRGFto the power unity in the metric and multiplying it by an appropriate value of the effective floor loading would convert it to what the 37thAssembly of ICAO called for – a statement of fuel used per revenue tonne-kilometre performed. Finally, correlating the amended metric against design range, as determined from the measured specific air range and the key certificated masses, provides a sound scientific basis for an initial regulation to cap passenger aircraft emissions.

scholarly journals The Thermal Stability of Aviation Fuel

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Mills ◽  
F. R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Thermally Stable ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Oil Cooler ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The propensity of aviation turbine fuels to produce deposits in the oil-cooler and filter sections of aircraft fuel systems has been examined using a rig that simulates the fuel system of an aircraft and which employs realistic flow rates. All the fuels examined were found to be thermally stable up to temperatures in excess of those currently attained in engine oil coolers. Comparison with results obtained with the JFTOT indicates that this is not suited for use as a research tool.

Models for Codifying International Rules for Jurisdiction, Liability, Safety and Accident Investigation for Commercial Passenger Spaceflight

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricky J. Lee ◽  
Sarah L. Steele
Keyword(s):  
International Community ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Accident Investigation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Maritime Law ◽  
Space Tourism ◽  
The Future

The prospect of commercial passenger spaceflight presents an unique opportunity to the space community, comprised not only of the scientists, engineers, enthusiasts and entrepreneurs, but also diplomats, governments, policy makers and legislators, to formulate an internationally acceptable set of requirements, standards and procedures that would give international consistency to operators of commercial passenger spaceflight, both for space tourism and for terrestrial transportation. It is important that the international community avail itself of this opportunity before various countries decide to become “flags of convenience” or to impose more stringent standards than overseas operators can comply with so as to protect a budding industry of their own. This article will explore, from parallels in maritime law and civil aviation law, and drawing from existing domestic examples of regulation, what lessons may be learnt from such existing bodies of law and regulation that may provide some guidance for the future formulation of regulations for on range safety, flight safety or accident investigation relating to commercial passenger spaceflight.

CIVIL AVIATION ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO GROUPS OF AVIATION SPECIALISTS

Aviation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Trifonov-Bogdanov ◽  
Leonid Vinogradov ◽  
Vladimir Shestakov
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Complex Action ◽  
Primary Parameter ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Operational Process ◽  
Operational Activities

During an operational process, activity is implemented through an ordered sequence of certain actions united by a common motive. Actions can be simple or complex. Simple actions cannot be split into elements having independent objectives. Complex actions can be presented in the form of a set of simple actions. If the logical organisation of this set is open, a complex action can be described as an algorithm consisting of simple actions. That means various kinds of operational activities develop from the same simple and typical actions, but in various sequences. Therefore, human error is always generated by a more elementary error of action. Thus, errors of action are the primary parameter that is universal for any kind of activity of an aviation specialist and can serve as a measure for estimating the negative influence of the human factor (HF) on flight safety. Aviation personnel are various groups of experts having various specialisations and working in various areas of civil aviation. It is obvious that their influence on conditions is also unequal and is defined by their degree of interaction with the performance of flights. In this article, the results of an analysis of air incidents will be presented.

scholarly journals Formation of Surface Deposits on Steel and Titanium Aviation Fuel Tubes under Real Operating Conditions

ACS Omega ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 8255-8273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Velkavrh ◽  
Ion Palamarciuc ◽  
Dan Gelu Galuşcă ◽  
Alexander Diem ◽  
Josef Brenner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Aviation Fuel

Experimental and Analytical Characterization of Alternative Aviation Fuel Sprays Under Realistic Operating Conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Corber ◽  
Nader Rizk ◽  
Wajid Ali Chishty
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Laser Sheet ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Test Time

The National Jet Fuel Combustion Program (NJFCP) is an initiative, currently being led by the Office of Environment & Energy at the FAA, to streamline the ASTM jet fuels certification process for alternative aviation fuels. In order to accomplish this objective, the program has identified specific applied research tasks in several areas. The National Research Council of Canada (NRC) is contributing to the NJFCP in the areas of sprays and atomization and high altitude engine performance. This paper describes work pertaining to atomization tests using a reference injection system. The work involves characterization of the injection nozzle, comparison of sprays and atomization quality of various conventional and alternative fuels, as well as use of the experimental data to validate spray correlations. The paper also briefly explores the application viability of a new spray diagnostic system that has potential to reduce test time in characterizing sprays. Measurements were made from ambient up to 10 bar pressures in NRC’s High Pressure Spray Facility using optical diagnostics including laser diffraction, phase Doppler anemometry (PDA), LIF/Mie Imaging and laser sheet imaging to assess differences in the atomization characteristics of the test fuels. A total of nine test fluids including six NJFCP fuels and three calibration fluids were used. The experimental data was then used to validate semi-empirical models, developed through years of experience by engine OEMs and modified under NJFCP, for predicting droplet size and distribution. The work offers effective tools for developing advanced fuel injectors, and generating data that can be used to significantly enhance multi-dimensional combustor simulation capabilities.

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