MICROPOROSITY CHANGES WITH ACIDIZING EFFECT IN SANDSTONES (KIZILDERE FORMATION-HATAY/S-TURKEY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Melda AVCU ◽  
◽  
Meryem YEŞİLOT KAPLAN
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Pore Throat ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Binding Material ◽  
Average Porosity ◽  
Matrix Rock ◽  
Quartz Grains

This study aims to determine the field and petrographic properties of sandstones observed in Arsuz-İskenderun (Hatay) region and micro-size porosity changes in acidizing stages. The fine-grained sandstones of the Aktepe formation have more quartz grains than the other components and the binding material is matrix. Rock fragments that consist of fossil shells, limestone and igneous fragments are observed relatively to quartz and feldspar grains in the Kızıldere formation sandstones. The first step of reservoir rock acidizing is HCl acidizing and the process is experimentally provided by capillarity experiment. HCl with dilution rates of 7.5% - 15% - 30% was absorbed into the samples at room temperature and after 100 minutes, effective distances were observed as 0.6-0.8-1.1 cm and dissolved rock amounts as 32.82-34.02-35.54 g, respectively. In acidizing process, the average porosity analysed with Micro-CT is 39.6% of acidified samples with 15% diluted acid and non-acidified samples, equivalent results were obtained with porosity values measured by well logs. There is an increase in the porosity of about 16% with acidizing. Pores were bonded together by acidizing and pore size increase about 20%. The change in the pore throat by acidizing is 105%. Calculation of porosity of rocks by Micro-CT and image processing methods can be performed faster compared to the other methods.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical for Sand Consolidation in Laboratory Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Sugihardjo Sugihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Pore Geometry ◽  
Core Flooding ◽  
Pore Throat ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Particle Content ◽  
Plastic Resin ◽  
Anions And Cations

These paper contains a highlight of laboratory experiment to evaluate the work of chemical for sand consolidation to strengthen the bonding between grains of rock while do not cause permeability reduction significantly. This experiment used reservoir rock and fluids to understand the interaction between the chemical solution and the reservoir rock and fluid. Firstly, the reservoir rock and fluid were analyzed their properties. The rock has been analyzed using CT Scan to drill the best representative core plug for the experiments, using SEM to identify the pore throat and pore geometry of the rock, using XRD to determine the minerals composition which mostly quartz. While the fluids have been analyzed for the anions and cations content, viscosity and other important properties. The brine particle content and also particle size distribution of the rock have been also over lied in the graph in order to know the possibility of bridging particle in the pore throat, but the graph looks good that no problem may arise from the bridging particle. Chemical for Sand Consolidation has been used in this experiment. Sand consolidation chemical normally contain plastic resin that has a property of bonding between solid materials. It sticks on the surface of solid materials and bonding together.The core flooding experiments have been run for 4 times, 2 times using synthetic cores and the other two using native cores. The experiments used synthetic cores reduce the permeability significantly. However, after cutting both ends of the core the permeability has indicated improvement. The other 2 experiments using native cores have reduced the permeability approximately 4 times down. The last two experiments have no cutting the ends of core for further experiments, so they cannot be compared to the first two experiment. So, the experiment procedures must be improved for the next evaluation, such as during curing time the rate of injected oil may be increased to reduce the adsorption of chemical to the surface area of the pore and also to hinder the flocculation of chemical in the pore space.

scholarly journals Neutron Imaging Using a Fine-Grained Nuclear Emulsion

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Katsuya Hirota ◽  
Tomoko Ariga ◽  
Masahiro Hino ◽  
Go Ichikawa ◽  
Shinsuke Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Neutron Detector ◽  
Nuclear Emulsion ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crystal Oscillator ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Cold Neutrons ◽  
Track Analysis

A neutron detector using a fine-grained nuclear emulsion has a sub-micron spatial resolution and thus has potential to be applied as high-resolution neutron imaging. In this paper, we present two approaches to applying the emulsion detectors for neutron imaging. One is using a track analysis to derive the reaction points for high resolution. From an image obtained with a 9 μm pitch Gd grating with cold neutrons, periodic peak with a standard deviation of 1.3 μm was observed. The other is an approach without a track analysis for high-density irradiation. An internal structure of a crystal oscillator chip, with a scale of approximately 30 μm, was able to be observed after an image analysis.

scholarly journals Global-Local Enhancement Network for NMF-Aware Sign Language Recognition

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Hezhen Hu ◽  
Wengang Zhou ◽  
Junfu Pu ◽  
Houqiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Local Enhancement ◽  
Sign Language Recognition ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Hand Gestures ◽  
Fine Grained

Sign language recognition (SLR) is a challenging problem, involving complex manual features (i.e., hand gestures) and fine-grained non-manual features (NMFs) (i.e., facial expression, mouth shapes, etc .). Although manual features are dominant, non-manual features also play an important role in the expression of a sign word. Specifically, many sign words convey different meanings due to non-manual features, even though they share the same hand gestures. This ambiguity introduces great challenges in the recognition of sign words. To tackle the above issue, we propose a simple yet effective architecture called Global-Local Enhancement Network (GLE-Net), including two mutually promoted streams toward different crucial aspects of SLR. Of the two streams, one captures the global contextual relationship, while the other stream captures the discriminative fine-grained cues. Moreover, due to the lack of datasets explicitly focusing on this kind of feature, we introduce the first non-manual-feature-aware isolated Chinese sign language dataset (NMFs-CSL) with a total vocabulary size of 1,067 sign words in daily life. Extensive experiments on NMFs-CSL and SLR500 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

scholarly journals I.—Microscopic Structure of Irish Granites. No. 2. Granite of Aillemore, Co. Mayo

1874 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Edward Hull
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
South Side ◽  
North West ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Lower Silurian ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Vertical Walls ◽  
Dark Green

This granite forms an isolated mass, rising into two eminences a few miles south of Louisburg, called Corvock Brack (1287 feet) and Knockaskeheen (1288 feet). It is a greyish granite—generally fine—grained—consisting of quartz, two felspars,—one orthoclase, the other triclinic, probably oligoclase—and dark green mica. In some places there are patches in which the felspar assumes the appearance of “graphic granite.” Numerous boulders of this granite are strewn over the district to the north-west, and on the south side of Knockaskeheen; the rock is traversed by regular joints ranging N. 10 W., along which it splits off into nearly vertical walls. The position of the granite is shown on Griffith's Geological Map of Ireland, and it is surrounded by schistose beds, generally metamorphosed, and probably of Lower Silurian age. The granite itself is of older date than the Upper Llandovery beds, which lie to the southward.

Conditional Belief and the Ramsey Test

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 215-232
Author(s):  
Scott Sturgeon
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Degrees Of Belief ◽  
Conditional Belief ◽  
Ramsey Test ◽  
Fine Grained

Consider the frameS believes that—.Fill it with a conditional, sayIf you eat an Apple, you'll drink a Coke.what makes the result true? More generally, what facts are marked by instances ofS believes (A→C)?In a sense the answer is obious: beliefs are so marked. Yet that bromide leads directly to competing schools of thought. And the reason is simple.Common-sense thinks of belief two ways. Sometimes it sees it as a three-part affair. When so viewed either you believe, disbelieve, or suspend judgment. This take on belief is coarse-grained. It says belief has three flavours: acceptance, rejection, neither. But it's not the only way common-sense thinks of belief. Sometimes it's more subtle: ‘How strong is your faith?’ can be apposite between believers. That signals an important fact. Ordinary practice also treats belief as a fine-grained affair. It speaks of levels of confidence. It admits degrees of belief. It contains a fine-grained take as well. There are two ways belief is seen in everyday life. One is coarse-grained. The other is fine-grained.

Evidence for pyroclastic emplacement of the Crowsnest Formation, Alberta

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. Adair ◽  
R.A. Burwash
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Pyroclastic Flows ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Rock Fragment ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Rock Fragments ◽  
Explosive Phase ◽  
Graded Structures ◽  
Textural Evidence ◽  
Charred Wood

The middle Cretaceous Crowsnest Formation west of Coleman, Alberta, is composed of bedded alkaline volcanic deposits containing heterolithic volcanic rock fragments and crystal clasts. Comparison with modern examples of subaerial pyroclastic rocks suggests that pyroclastic flows, surges, fallout of material from vertical eruption columns, and minor mud flows emplaced the deposits. Textural evidence in the form of plastically deformed volcanic fragments, chilled deposit margins, baked rock fragment margins, recrystallization, and the presence of charred wood and charred wood molds indicate emplacement at elevated temperature. Massive deposits containing a fine-grained basal zone are interpreted as the product of pyroclastic flows, whereas deposits characterized by a block-rich base overlain by a thin layer of block-depleted stratified material are interpreted as the product of density-stratified surges. Deposits exhibiting pronounced stratification were emplaced by ash-cloud surges. Thickly bedded breccias exhibiting rheomorphic textures were emplaced as vent-proximal pyroclastic flows. Deposits characterized by parallel beds and graded structures are interpreted as fallout tephra deposits, and deposition by lahars is indicated by coarse-grained beds that lack evidence for emplacement at elevated temperatures. The eruptions of the Crowsnest Formation were cyclical. An initial explosive phase generated deposits by pyroclastic flows, surges, fallout, and lahars. As an eruption progressed, it evolved into a poorly gas-charged effusive stage that emplaced coarsely porphyritic domes, plugs, spines, and vent-proximal lava flows. Subsequent eruptions destroyed the effusive vent facies deposits and produced abundant heterolithic clasts typical of the formation.

Nodular and other Keratophyres at St. Nicolas, Quebec

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-131
Author(s):  
F. Fitz Osborne ◽  
Paul Laroche
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Magmatic Origin ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Checker Board

Sills in Cambrian sandstone at two localities provide complementary evidence for the magmatic origin of keratophyres near St. Nicolas. The thickest sill has one facies whose solids at the time it was half or somewhat more crystallized had the composition of a hornblende laugenite. The rest magma at this stage gave rise to stellate and trachytoid keratophyre characterized by chlorite and checker-board albite with some quartz. At the other locality magma approximately of the composition of the stellate keratophyre was emplaced as sills up to 4 ft (1.2 m) thick and gave rise to medium-grained keratophyre with, along the selvages or within the sills, a fine-grained variety with chlorite and nodules, up to 1 in. (2.5 cm) diameter, of plagioclase. Illite or its precursor was secreted from the sills and was replaced by a network of veins with cores of quartz and spheroids of plagioclase, of chlorite, and of carbonate.

scholarly journals HYDROCARBON POTENTIALITY OF FACHA RESERVOIR IN ASWAD OIL FIELD, SIRT BASIN, LIBYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-77
Author(s):  
A. A. Kushlaf ◽  
A. E. El Mezweghy
Keyword(s):  
Water Saturation ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Average Porosity ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Exploratory Wells ◽  
Hydrocarbon Potentiality ◽  
Sirt Basin

This paper is to study the structural framework, stratigraphy, and the petro-physical characteristics of Facha reservoir of Gir Formation in Aswad oil field, which is located in Block NC74B at the Zella Trough, south-west of Sirt basin, Libya. The data used have been got from well-logging records of nine exploratory wells distributed in Aswad oil field. These data have been analyzed and interpreted through using analytical cross-plots in order to calculate the petro-physical parameters. The results revealed that the lithological facies consists mainly of dolomite. Moreover, they revealed that the lateral distribution of the petro-physical parameters of Facha reservoir indicates that average porosity is 10-23%, average water saturation is 52- 93%, and net pay is of 62.44 ft. This shows that Facha member is a good reservoir rock. The variations in values between wells have been affected by the trend of faults; this indicates that the area is structurally controlled.

scholarly journals Denudation systematics inferred from in situ cosmogenic <sup>10</sup>Be concentrations in fine (50–100 µm) and medium (100–250 µm) sediments of the Var River basin, southern French Alps

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apolline Mariotti ◽  
Pierre-Henri Blard ◽  
Julien Charreau ◽  
Carole Petit ◽  
Stéphane Molliex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
French Alps ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Denudation Rates ◽  
Variable Morphology ◽  
Cosmogenic 10Be ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quartz Grains

Abstract. Marine sedimentary archives are well dated and often span several glacial cycles; cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in their detrital quartz grains could thus offer the opportunity to reconstruct a wealth of past denudation rates. However, these archives often comprise sediments much finer (<250 µm) than typically analyzed in 10Be studies, and few studies have measured 10Be concentrations in quartz grains smaller than 100 µm or assessed the impacts of mixing, grain size, and interannual variability on the 10Be concentrations of such fine-grained sediments. Here, we analyzed the in situ cosmogenic 10Be concentrations of quartz grains in the 50–100 and 100–250 µm size fractions of sediments from the Var basin (southern French Alps) to test the reliability of denudation rates derived from 10Be analyses of fine sands. The Var basin has a short transfer zone and highly variable morphology, climate, and geology, and we test the impact of these parameters on the observed 10Be concentrations. Both analyzed size fractions returned similar 10Be concentrations in downstream locations, notably at the Var's outlet, where concentrations ranged from (4.02±0.78)×104 to (4.40±0.64)×104 atoms g−1 of quartz. By comparing expected and observed 10Be concentrations at three major river junctions, we interpret that sediment mixing is efficient throughout the Var basin. We resampled four key locations 1 year later, and despite variable climatic parameters during that period, interannual 10Be concentrations were in agreement within uncertainties, except for one upper subbasin. The 10Be-derived denudation rates of Var subbasins range from 0.10±0.01 to 0.57±0.09 mm yr−1, and spatial variations are primarily controlled by the average subbasin slope. The integrated denudation rate of the entire Var basin is 0.24±0.04 mm yr−1, in agreement with other methods. Our results demonstrate that fine-grained sediments (50–250 µm) may return accurate denudation rates and are thus potentially suitable targets for future 10Be applications, such as studies of paleo-denudation rates using offshore sediments.

scholarly journals Enhancing Fault Tolerance of Cloud Nodes using Replication Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2040-2044
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
High Availability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
Virtual Node ◽  
Adaptive Scheme ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Cloud Technologies ◽  
Tolerance Method ◽  
Selection Of

The cloud technologies are gaining boom in the field of information technology. But on the same side cloud computing sometimes results in failures. These failures demand more reliable frameworks with high availability of computers acting as nodes. The request made by the user is replicated and sent to various VMs. If one of the VMs fail, the other can respond to increase the reliability. A lot of research has been done and being carried out to suggest various schemes for fault tolerance thus increasing the reliability. Earlier schemes focus on only one way of dealing with faults but the scheme proposed by the the author in this paper presents an adaptive scheme that deals with the issues related to fault tolerance in various cloud infrastructure. The projected scheme uses adaptive behavior during the selection of replication and fine-grained checkpointing methods for attaining a reliable cloud infrastructure that can handle different client requirements. In addition to it the algorithm also determines the best suited fault tolerance method for every designated virtual node. Zheng, Zhou,. Lyu and I. King (2012).

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