scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF NEW TRADE BARRIERS ON CHINA’S EXPORT TRADE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Liu
Keyword(s):  
Export Trade ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
The Impact

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES ON AGRICULTURAL TRADE: EVIDENCE FROM THAI FRUIT EXPORTS TO CHINA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
SASIWOOTH WONGMONTA
Keyword(s):  
Recent Decade ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Sample Period ◽  
Sectoral Analysis ◽  
Gravity Equations ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
The Impact

Food safety concerns have become increasingly important challenge for agricultural trade. Sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures are often considered as major non-tariff trade barriers, which have surged rapidly over the recent decade. This study systematically investigates the impact of China’s SPS measures on Thai fruit exports. The panel dataset is constructed with 17 Thai fruit items for the sample period 2000–2018. Gravity equations are estimated to quantify the trade effects of SPS measures on the value of fruit exports from Thailand to China. The results from the sectoral analysis reveal that the restrictiveness of SPS measures has a positive and substantial effect on export volumes. This suggests that non-arbitrary and informative SPS requirements imposed by a large importing country would help facilitate the agricultural trade.

scholarly journals Analytical Study on the Impact of GST on Retail Sector: With Reference to Dmart Financial Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha N.
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Model Law ◽  
The Impact

The imminent implementation of Goods & Services Tax (GST) is expected to result in greater transparency, an improved flow of credit, and reduced trade barriers from a tax perspective. The timely release and revision of the draft GST model law, GST rules, and documentation templates reflect the government’s commitment and keenness to implement the GST law in India in 2017. It is also widely agreed that GST will usher in a series of changes to how businesses will operate and the Retail Industry will be no exception. This thought piece highlights some of the key areas impacted and a number of changes that the industry will need to imbibe over the coming months to ensure that GST is effectively implemented.

scholarly journals The Impact and Empirical Analysis of the Development Level of E-commerce Industry on China’s Export Trade

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 02046
Author(s):  
Chun Feng ◽  
Fei Lei ◽  
Zhijun Luo
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

With its advantages of low cost and high efficiency, e-commerce is not only favored by ordinary consumers, but also effectively promotes SMEs to find business opportunities and win the market. This article starts with the development scale of China’s e-commerce industry and the status quo of export trade, and measures the overall index of China’s e-commerce industry development level from 2008 to 2018 through empirical methods to analyze its impact on China’s export trade. The results show that the development level of the e-commerce industry has a significant positive impact on China’s export trade. Finally, it analyzes the existing problems in the development of China’s e-commerce industry.

scholarly journals Optimal Obfuscation: Democracy and Trade Policy Transparency

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL Y. KONO
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Nontariff Barriers ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Liberal Trade ◽  
The Impact

A growing body of research shows that democracies have more liberal trade policies than do autocracies. I argue, in contrast, that democracy has contradictory effects on different types of trade policies because electoral competition generates more information about some than about others. It generates considerable information about policies whose effects on consumer welfare are easy to explain to voters, but less information about policies whose effects are more complex. By increasing the transparency of some policies relative to others, democracy induces politicians to reduce transparent trade barriers but also to replace them with less transparent ones. I test this hypothesis by examining the impact of democracy on tariffs, “core” nontariff barriers (NTBs) such as quotas, and “quality” NTBs such as product standards in 75 countries in the 1990s. I find that democracy leads to lower tariffs, higher core NTBs, and even higher quality NTBs. I conclude that democracy promotes “optimal obfuscation” that allows politicians to protect their markets while maintaining a veneer of liberalization.

scholarly journals World Trade Organization, Negara Berkembang dan Special and Diferrential Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Muthia Kinanti
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Differential Treatment ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Global Society ◽  
The Impact

Perdagangan bebas menjadi isu yang semakin menguat dalam pergaulan global saat ini. Berbagai perjanjian baik multilateral, regional dan bilateral yang mengatur mengenai penekanan hambatan perdagangan semakin banyak. WTO sebagai peraturan induk dan merupakan sumber hukum utama dari perdagangan bebas telah berjalan selama lebih dari satu dekade. Sejak pembentukan WTO terbukti bahwa partisipas masyarakat internasional dalam perdagangan global semakin meningkat. Namun, beberapa kritik muncul terutama dari negara berkembang yang merasa belum mendapatkan manfaat dari perdagangan bebas. Isu ini kemudian muncul dalam negosiasi WTO yang menghasilkan konsep Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) yang diadopsi dalam ketentuan-ketentuan WTO. Penelitian ini mengangkat tema besar mengenai ketentuan-ketentuan dan kerjasama WTO yang mencerminkan perdagangan bebas dan kaitannya dengan negara berkembang. Beberapa hal yang disorot adalah bagaimana pengaturan dalam WTO terkait perlakuan berbeda (Special and Differentiated Treatment) yang diberikan kepada negara-negara berkembang. Selain itu penelitian ini difokuskan juga untuk menganalisis diferensiasi antara negara-negara berkembang dalam WTO. Kemudian, analisis difokuskan terhadap peran dan dampak Doha Development dan Bali Round terkait negara berkembang terutama di sektor agrikultur dan dampak adanya diferensiasi dari negara berkembang.<br /><br />Free trade is an issue that has gained strength in today’s global society. Various multilateral treaties, regional and bilateral governing the suppression of trade barriers more. WTO as a central rule and is the main legal source of free trade has been running for more than a decade. Since the establishment of the WTO proved that the participation and the international community in global trade is increasing. However, some criticism arose primarily from developing countries that have not benefited from free trade. This issue arises in WTO negotiations that resulted in the concept of Special and Differential Treatment (SDT), which was adopted in the WTO provisions. This study raised the major themes of the provisions of the WTO and cooperation that reflects the free trade and its relation to developing countries. Some of the things highlighted was how the settings related to differential treatment in the WTO granted to developing countries. In addition, research is focused also to analyze the differentiation between developing countries in the WTO. Then, the analysis focused on the role and impact of the Doha Development Round and Bali related to developing countries, particularly in the agricultural sector and the impact of the differentiation of developing countries.<br /><br />

scholarly journals Research on the Impact of Sino-US Trade Structure on the Real Effective Exchange Rate of RMB

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jiajia Yan ◽  
Jinlong Cai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Real Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Trade Structure ◽  
Effective Exchange ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Effective Exchange Rate ◽  
The Impact

Since the beginning of 2018, Sino-US trade frictions have been escalating to the fields of science and technology, finance, and geography. Especially in the financial field, the United States has forcibly identified China as a “currency manipulator.” In order to analyze the impact of Sino-US trade on the RMB exchange rate, based on the Sino-US import and export trade data under the quarterly HS classification from 2003 to 2019 and the RMB real effective exchange rate, this article carries out the traditional time series test, seasonal unit root test, and cointegration test and further constructs the seasonal error correction model to explore the long-term and short-term dynamic impact of Sino-US import and export trade structure on RMB real effective exchange rate. The results shows that the upgrading and optimization of the overall trade structure between China and the United States will increase the appreciation pressure of RMB real effective exchange rate. There are seasonal and long-term trends between RMB real effective exchange rate and different types of import and export trade structures between China and the United States. Therefore, this article not only strongly refutes the “theory of RMB appreciation” and puts forward policy suggestions to effectively deal with the negative impact of Sino-US trade friction but also provides a research framework for global trade, especially the decoupling of trade structure and exchange rate between developing and developed countries.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF CHINA'S REGIONAL AGRICULTURAL EXPORT TRADE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
FENGHE ZHANG ◽  
VIKTORIIA MEDVID
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
The Impact

Since the reform and opening up, especially since its accession to the WTO, China has become an important agricultural trade country in the world. As China's agriculture and the entire national economy share the benefits of global economic integration, they must also meet the impact of fierce market competition, price fluctuations and industrial restructuring caused by this. This study puts the export trade of agricultural products into the national economic growth system and explores the impact and contribution of agricultural export trade to China's economic growth. Based on the theory of international trade in agricultural products and economic growth, the paper analyzes the analysis framework of the impact of international trade in agricultural products on China's regional economic growth. First, based on the realistic understanding of the development of China's agricultural export trade, comprehensive and systematic analysis of the characteristics of China's agricultural export trade development to determine the future trend of it. Secondly, the correlation analysis of SPSS software is used to verify the impact of agricultural export trade on economic growth. Third, based on the test and analysis of the research results, systematically evaluate the contribution of agricultural export trade to China's economic growth. Studies have shown that the increase in agricultural export trade has made great contributions to China's economic development and has become increasingly prominent in economic development. This paper uses the economic data from 2010 to 2017. According to China's 31 administrative divisions and the three economic divisions of the eastern, central and western regions, the technical methods such as absolute value increment analysis and correlation analysis are used to explain the promotion of regional agricultural products to economic development. To this end, China needs to increase investment in agricultural science and technology, promote the development of agricultural industrialization, improve the circulation of agricultural products, reduce the transaction costs of agricultural products, improve the efficiency of international trade in agricultural products, and continuously improve the comprehensive production capacity and international competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products. Keywords: China, regional agricultural products, exports, economic growth, correlation analysis, impact.

scholarly journals Environmental Governance Effect of the Transformation of Export Trade Mode: Empirical Evidence from 194 Cities in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
guangqin Li ◽  
Xubing Fang ◽  
Maotao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Processing Trade ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As one of the developing countries, China's export trade mode (ETM) has gradually shifted from processing trade to general trade. Is the deterioration of China's environmental pollution caused by the transformation of ETM? Based on the panel data from 194 cities in China from 2000 to 2016, this paper investigates the impact of ETM transformation on the environmental pollution and its internal mechanism. The results show that: the ETM is gradually shifting from processing trade to general trade, environmental pollution will deteriorate first and then improve, that is, showing a significant “inverted U-shaped” relationship between the transformation of ETM and environmental pollution. Through the robustness test of the threshold, and SYS-GMM model, the results are still valid. The mechanism research shows that the upgrading of industrial structure, energy structure, industrial agglomeration, environmental protection investment and resource allocation are the main mechanism that the transformation of ETM affect environmental pollution. The conclusions of this study can provide empirical evidence for the process that the environmental pollution level of developing countries deteriorated and then improved during the process of transforming from processing export trade to general export trade.

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