scholarly journals Regulating Innovation, Trade and Uncertain Risks - Full copy

MaRBLe ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Albach ◽  
Prof. Dr. Ir. Marjolein BA Van Asselt ◽  
Marisol Bock ◽  
Lukas Bühl ◽  
Laura Drott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Copy

Commitment in L3 relationships: Sacred vows or polyamory?

2021 ◽  
pp. 026765832098804
Author(s):  
David Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Third Language ◽  
L3 Acquisition ◽  
Acquisition Device ◽  
Crosslinguistic Influence ◽  
The Mind ◽  
N Acquisition ◽  
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Westergaard (2019) presents an updated account of the Linguistic Proximity Model and the micro-cue approach to the parser as an acquisition device. The property-by-property view of transfer inherent in this approach contrasts with other influential models that assume that third language (L3) acquisition involves the creation of a full copy of only one previously existing language in the mind. In this commentary, I review Westergaard’s proposal that first language (L1), second language (L2), and L3 acquisition proceed on the basis of incremental, conservative learning and her view of the parser as the engine of the acquisition process. I then provide several arguments in support of her position that crosslinguistic influence in L n acquisition may flow from any previously acquired language.

Duplicate Publication in the Field of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

2002 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron J. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Head And Neck Surgery ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Reference Prior ◽  
Duplication Rate ◽  
Duplicate Publication ◽  
Academic Conduct ◽  
Full Copy

OBJECTIVE: This study establishes the approximate prevalence and patterns of duplicate publication in the medical literature in the specialty of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: All of the authors and articles published in the American Medical Association Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery were identified and listed for an 8-year period. During this time, 1965 authors published 1082 articles in the Archives, and this same set of authors published a total of almost 50,000 articles during the 12-year period between January 1977 and December 1988. Of the same set of 1965 authors, we picked 1000 at random and found that they had published a total of 24,353 articles. The titles of these articles were then screened for similar titles, and when similarities were noted, the complete articles were obtained when possible and compared for the degree and pattern of duplicate publication. RESULTS: Of the 1000 authors studied, we found that 228 authors had published 938 articles with similar titles. We were able to obtain the full copy of 886 (94%) of the 938 articles in question, which were written by 226 (99%) of the 228 authors. We found that in the case of 25 authors, there was no duplication despite the similar titles, but in the case of 201 (20% of the 1000) authors, 644 articles were published with some degree of duplication (1.8% duplication rate). CONCLUSIONS: The most common duplicate publication involves sequential publication of very similar data and conclusions. Duplicate publications failed to reference prior articles by the same author 32% of the time or referenced the prior articles only partially (11% of the time). Artificial segmentation of a single study into multiple arbitrary segments composed 20% of the duplicate publication. Duplicate publication across different specialties was noted to account for 4% of the instances. Most of the authors duplicated only once or twice, and most duplicators do reference their prior publications. SIGNIFICANCE: Duplicate publication is an example of inappropriate academic conduct. Because it tarnishes the reputation of the duplicating author and represents an unfair practice in terms of displacing the work of others, efforts should continue to educate authors, particularly young academicians, to avoid the practice of duplicate publication.

A New Family of Chimeric Retrotranscripts Formed by a Full Copy of U6 Small Nuclear RNA Fused to the 3′ Terminus of L1

Genomics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Buzdin ◽  
Svetlana Ustyugova ◽  
Elena Gogvadze ◽  
Tatiana Vinogradova ◽  
Yuri Lebedev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Nuclear Rna ◽  
New Family ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
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scholarly journals Transposons Tn1696 and Tn21and Their Integrons In4 and In2 Have Independent Origins

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1263-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally R. Partridge ◽  
Heidi J. Brown ◽  
H. W. Stokes ◽  
Ruth M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
Inverted Repeats ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Full Copy

ABSTRACT The first 13.6 kb of the mercury and multidrug resistance transposon Tn1696, which includes the class 1 integron In4, has been sequenced. In4 is 8.33 kb long and contains the 5′-conserved segment (5′-CS) and 2.24 kb of the 3′-conserved segment (3′-CS) flanking four integrated cassettes. The 3′-CS region is followed by one full copy and an adjacent partial copy of the insertion sequence IS6100 flanked, in inverse orientation, by two short segments (123 and 152 bp) from the outer right-hand end of class 1 integrons. This structure is representative of a distinct group of class 1 integrons that differs from In2, found in Tn21, and other related class 1 integrons. In4 does not include transposition genes but is bounded by characteristic 25-bp inverted repeats and flanked by a direct duplication of 5 bp of the target sequence, indicating that it was inserted by a transpositional mechanism. In4 lies between the resII and resIsites of a backbone mercury resistance transposon which is >99.5% identical to Tn5036. Although Tn21 and Tn1696 are both classified as members of the Tn21 subfamily of the Tn3 transposon family, the backbone mercury resistance transposons are only 79 to 96% identical. Tn21 also contains a region of about 0.7 kb not found in Tn1696. The integrons In2 and In4 carrying the antibiotic resistance genes have been inserted at different locations into distinct ancestral mercury resistance transposons. Thus, Tn21 and Tn1696 have independent histories and origins. Other transposons (Tn1403 and Tn1412) that include a class 1 integron also have independent origins. In all except Tn21, the integron is located within theres region of the backbone transposon.

scholarly journals V. Repatriation and Development Assistance

Refuge ◽  
1996 ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Robert F. Gorman ◽  
Gaim Kibreab
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Emergency Relief ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
International Role ◽  
Full Copy

The authors argue that refugees should be seen as agents of a process of development to begin during temporary protection and extend well into the process of return and reintegration. The process of development advocated is intended to engage local resources and energies in the refugee, host and stayee communities, in a "bottom-up" fashion. It involves a unified international role in allocating resources, enlivening and promoting development at the local level, and ensuring accountability. The mechanisms proposed require "judicious, not lavish" external resources, and establish a continuum between emergency relief operations and long-term development assistance. This is a substantially abbreviated version of the authors' original work. Please refer to the notice at the end of this section if you are interested in obtaining a full copy of the paper, which is expected to be published in mid-1996.

scholarly journals Down syndrome detection using modified adaboost algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 4281
Author(s):  
Vincy Devi V. K ◽  
Rajesh R.
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Chromosome 21 ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Adaboost Algorithm ◽  
Reading Impairment ◽  
Genetic Codes ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Image Set ◽  
Full Copy

In human body genetic codes are stored in the genes. All of our inherited traits are associated with these genes and are grouped as structures generally called chromosomes. In typical cases, each cell consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes, out of which each parent contributes half. But if a person has a partial or full copy of chromosome 21, the situation is called Down syndrome. It results in intellectual disability, reading impairment, developmental delay, and other medical abnormalities. There is no specific treatment for Down syndrome. Thus, early detection and screening of this disability are the best styles for down syndrome prevention. In this work, recognition of Down syndrome utilizes a set of facial expression images. Solid geometric descriptor is employed for extracting the facial features from the image set. An AdaBoost method is practiced to gather the required data sets and for the categorization. The extracted information is then assigned and used to instruct the Neural Network using Backpropagation algorithm. This work recorded that the presented model meets the requirement with 98.67% accuracy.

scholarly journals A Collective Restorative Justice Strategy for Ireland, 2019-2023

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
New Work ◽  
Restorative Practices ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
System Building ◽  
European Forum ◽  
Current State ◽  
Full Copy ◽  
Implementation Steps

This article reproduces in abridged form a strategy for developing restorative justice in Ireland that emerged from a symposium held in March 2019 in Maynooth University and through subsequent consultations with participants and other interested parties. The purpose of the strategy is to help embed restorative justice and restorative practices within the Irish criminal justice system, building on existing practices and stimulating new work to fill gaps in policy and practice. The strategy initiative is part of a four-year project involving ten European jurisdictions, coordinated by Maynooth University, Restorative Justice Nederland and the European Forum for Restorative Justice. The key elements of the strategy and implementation steps are set our below; changes to the original document are limited to the omission of three appendices which provided information on the background to the project, a brief overview of the current state of play of the field in Ireland and the report of the March symposium. A full copy of the complete document can be accessed at http://www.probation.ie/EN/PB/WebPages/WP19000022

scholarly journals 11. Fiscal Burden Sharing

Refuge ◽  
1996 ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
Amitav Acharya ◽  
David B. Dewitt
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Burden Sharing ◽  
Regional Institutions ◽  
Developmental Framework ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
Multilateral Institutions ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Full Copy

The authors argue that a reformulated system of refugee protection must proceed using a distributive-developmental framework for fiscal burden sharing. Such a framework would have to appeal to the national security interests of donors, rather than to humanitarian or altruistic motives. The funds provided should be tied to concrete, time-specified goals which will contribute to the well being of refugees. They argue that this approach should be pursued parallel to the existing system of multilateral institutions. The framework envisions resources being channelled to regional institutions rather than national governments. This is a substantially abbreviated version of the authors' original work. Please refer to the notice at the end of this section if you are interested in obtaining a full copy of the paper, which is expected to be published in mid-1996.

US-Japan workshop on geotechnical aspects of recent earthquakes

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
K. J. McManus
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering ◽  
The Us ◽  
Recent Earthquakes ◽  
Full Copy

The US-Japan Workshop on Geotechnical Aspects of Recent Earthquakes was held at the Kansai Kenshu Centre, Osaka, Japan on 22-24 January 1996. The objectives of the workshop were to summarise lessons learned from the Lorna Prieta, Northridge, and Kobe earthquakes, to identify ongoing research needs, to summarise available data, and to identify areas of possible co-operation for future research. The society was invited to send a representative from New Zealand with observer status provided that person present a report summarising current and ongoing research on geotechnical earthquake engineering within New Zealand. The author was selected to be the New Zealand observer and the summary report accompanies this article. Thirty two participants attended from the US and thirty from Japan including most of the well known, active researchers from the two countries. A complete list of participants is given in Appendix A. The draft workshop report, with contributions from many of the participants, is summarised below. A full copy of the report is held by the author.

scholarly journals Encounter networks from collective mitochondrial dynamics support the emergence of effective mtDNA genomes in plant cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Giannakis ◽  
Joanna M Chustecki ◽  
Iain Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Network Science ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Recent Approach ◽  
Network Exchange ◽  
Dynamic Populations ◽  
Full Copy ◽  
Over Time

Mitochondria in plant cells form strikingly dynamic populations of largely individual organelles. Each mitochondrion contains on average less than a full copy of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome. Here, we asked whether mitochondrial dynamics may allow individual mitochondria to 'collect' a full copy of the mtDNA genome over time, by facilitating exchange between individuals. Akin to trade on a social network, exchange of mtDNA fragments across organelles may lead to the emergence of full 'effective' genomes in individuals over time. We characterise the collective dynamics of mitochondria in Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyl cells using a recent approach combining single-cell timelapse microscopy, video analysis, and network science. We then use a quantitative model to predict the capacity for the sharing and accumulation of genetic information through the networks of encounters between mitochondria. We find that biological encounter networks are strikingly well predisposed to support the collection of full genomes over time, outperforming a range of other networks generated from theory and simulation. Using results from the coupon collector's problem, we show that the upper tail of the degree distribution is a key determinant of an encounter network's performance at this task and discuss how features of mitochondrial dynamics observed in biology facilitate the emergence of full effective genomes.

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