scholarly journals Efektivitas in vitro Alfa Mangostin Pada Pertumbuhan Bakteri Uropatogen Escherichia coli Multiresisten

Sains Medika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Maya Dian Rakhmawatie ◽  
Afiana Rohmani ◽  
Fariz Wafaul Ahyar
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
E Coli ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Absorbance Reading ◽  
Mic Value

Background. The incidence of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) in extraintestinal E. coli has become a global problem in the world. In Indonesia, the greatest resistance to the uropathogen E. coli is resistant to ampicillin (91.9%), ciprofloxacin (83.7%) and cefixime (67.6%). Therefore it takes effort for the treatment of MDR uropathogen E. coli, one of them are development of new antibiotics from herbal isolates of Garcinia mangostana L., a-mangosteen. This study examined the activity of a-mangosteen in vitro on the growth of MDR uropathogen E. coli.Methods. Treatment of uropathogen E. coli is performed in vitro, using a-mangosteen with a range of levels 14 - 450 �g/mL. The antibacterial activity of a-mangosteen is measured by determine at the growth or death of bacteria at each concentration using indirect methods, which is absorbance reading. Uropathogen E. coli that had been treated with various concentration of a-mangosteen incubated for 18-20 hours, then read an absorbance at wavelenght 625 nm using a spectrophotometer.Result. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of a-mangosteen in this study was 450 �g/mL. Based on the linear regression (STATA 13.1) relationship between concentration of a-mangosteen and activity of growth inhibition of bacteria, obtained the F test value 0.0001 < 0.05, states that all concentrations of a-mangosteen simultaneously have a significant influence on the growth of uropathogen E. coli.Conclusion. MIC value is relatively large causing a-mangosteen activity against Gram-negative bacteria needs to be studied further. Potentially relevant activity in the clinic will occur if the value of in vitro MIC < 100 �g/mL. Likewise, the pharmaceutical industry prefers the development of antibiotics that have in vitro MIC values = 2 �g/mL.

scholarly journals Trends in the Susceptibility of Clinically Important Resistant Bacteria to Tigecycline: Results from the TigecyclineIn VitroSurveillance in Taiwan Study, 2006 to 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1452-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Hsu Chen ◽  
Po-Liang Lu ◽  
Cheng-Hua Huang ◽  
Chun-Hsing Liao ◽  
Chin-Te Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Susceptibility Rate ◽  
Important Drug

ABSTRACTThe TigecyclineIn VitroSurveillance in Taiwan (TIST) study, a nationwide, prospective surveillance during 2006 to 2010, collected a total of 7,793 clinical isolates, including methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) (n= 1,834), penicillin-resistantStreptococcus pneumoniae(PRSP) (n= 423), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) (n= 219), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producingEscherichia coli(n= 1,141), ESBL-producingKlebsiella pneumoniae(n= 1,330),Acinetobacter baumannii(n= 1,645), andStenotrophomonas maltophilia(n= 903), from different specimens from 20 different hospitals in Taiwan. MICs of tigecycline were determined following the criteria of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST-2011). Among drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, all of the PRSP isolates were susceptible to tigecycline (MIC90, 0.03 μg/ml), and only one MRSA isolate (MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml) and three VRE isolates (MIC90, 0.125 μg/ml) were nonsusceptible to tigecycline. Among the Gram-negative bacteria, the tigecycline susceptibility rates were 99.65% for ESBL-producingE. coli(MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml) and 96.32% for ESBL-producingK. pneumoniae(MIC90, 2 μg/ml) when interpreted by FDA criteria but were 98.7% and 85.8%, respectively, when interpreted by EUCAST-2011 criteria. The susceptibility rate forA. baumannii(MIC90, 4 μg/ml) decreased from 80.9% in 2006 to 55.3% in 2009 but increased to 73.4% in 2010. A bimodal MIC distribution was found among carbapenem-susceptibleA. baumanniiisolates, and a unimodal MIC distribution was found among carbapenem-nonsusceptibleA. baumanniiisolates. In Taiwan, tigecycline continues to have excellentin vitroactivity against several major clinically important drug-resistant bacteria, with the exception ofA. baumannii.

scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance pattern of the multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated from burn wounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noshin Azra Rahman ◽  
Asma Akhter ◽  
Nusrat Jahan Urmi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Mic Value

Out of 10 random burn wound swab samples, 15 isolates were found which included Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Shigella spp. Pseudmonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter spp. and Escherichia coli. Antibiogram assay revealed that four of them were multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, i.e, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli which were further selected for a comparative analysis of resistance through determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by using chloramphenicol and tetracycline. In case of tetracycline, the highest MIC value was estimated to be 30 ?g/ml and the highest MBC value was found to be 60 ?g/ml for the 4 MDR strains tested. Whereas, against chloramphenicol, the highest MIC value was 62.5 ?g/ml and the highest MBC value was 125 ?g/ml for all the MDR strains except for E. coli, which exhibited absolute resistance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v3i1.22744 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.3(1) 2013: 6-8

scholarly journals Screening of Antibiotic Producing Actinomycetes for Antibiosis from Soil of Siraha, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Shiv Nandan Sah ◽  
Binod Lekhak
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Mic Value

The increasing need of novel antibiotics has provided a pace for the search of antibiotics from actinomycetes. Primary and secondary screenings of antibiotic producing actinomycetes from the soil of Siraha (75-600 m) were performed. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the metabolites was determined against E. coli. Macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical characterization were performed for the identification of presumptive genera. Characterization of the antibacterial substances was done by TLC. Among 92 isolates, 22 showed antibacterial activity against at least 1 bacterium out of 6 test bacteria used. Microscopy and other characteristics studies revealed that 19 (86.36%) were Streptomyces spp.,1 (4.55%) was Thermomonospora spp., and 2 (9.09 %) were unidentified. Five potent isolates were selected for the secondary screening where 2 isolates inhibited Gram negative bacteria with an MIC value of 1.2 mg/mL for each isolate. TLC showed that both antibiotics produced only one spot suggesting the presence of one active compound other than vancomycin (standard). The active isolates from primary screening were heterogeneous in their overall macroscopic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. The two potent isolates showing antibacterial activity were found to belong to different distinct taxonomic groups.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of multi-drug and extensively-drug-resistant Escherichia coli to ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam: An in vitro study*

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Patrycja Zalas-Więcek ◽  
Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

Aim: <i>Escherichia coli</i> is one of the Gram-negative bacteria, known to cause many nosocomial infections. Multi-drug (MDR) and extensively-drug resistant (XDR). <i>E. coli</i> are of particular note, due to significant limitations in antibiotic therapy. Ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam are novel therapeutic options against Gram-negative bacteria; hence the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the <i> in vitro </i> activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam against MDR and XDR clinical <i>E. coli</i> isolates. Material/Methods: The study included 100 non-replicate <i>E. coli</i> isolates derived from clinical samples of patients hospitalized in teaching hospitals. Bacteria were identified by applying mass spectrometry in the MALDI Biotyper system (Bruker). ESBL (bla<sub>CTX-M-1group</sub>, bla<sub>CTX-M-9group</sub>) and carbapenemase (bla<sub>KPC</sub>, bla<sub>VIM</sub>, bla<sub>NDM</sub>, bla<sub>OXA-48</sub>, bla<sub>OXA-181</sub>) genes were detected using the eazyplex® SuperBug CRE test, based on a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The in vitro susceptibility to ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam was tested using validated MIC Test strips (Liofilchem). Results: All 84 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) <i>E. coli</i> isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam and 83 to ceftolozane-tazobactam. Among 17 <i>E. coli</i> isolates with resistance to at least one of the carbapenems, three (17.6%) were susceptible to ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam. All 14 blaVIM gene-positive <i>E. coli</i> isolates were resistant to both ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam. Both antibiotics were active against bla<sub>CTX-M-9group</sub> and bla<sub>OXA-48</sub> gene-positive <i>E. coli</i> isolates, but they were not active against bla<sub>CTX-M-1group</sub> and bla<sub>VIM</sub> gene-positive isolates. Conclusions: Ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam are alternative, non-carbapenem therapeutic options for ESBL-positive <i>E. coli</i> strains, and they are promising in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant <i>E. coli</i> strains, but not for those carrying the metallo-β-lactamase enzymes. Both drug combinations have comparable activity against ESBL, however, lower MIC values were found for ceftazidime-avibactam.

In Vitro Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Myrsine africana against laboratory Strains of Pathogenic Organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4512
Author(s):  
Jackie K. Obey ◽  
Anthoney Swamy T* ◽  
Lasiti Timothy ◽  
Makani Rachel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Myrsine Africana

The determination of the antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition) and minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants a crucial step in drug development. In this study, the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract of Myrsine africana were determined for Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The zones of inhibition (mm±S.E) of 500mg/ml of M. africana ethanol extract were 22.00± 0.00 for E. coli,20.33 ±0.33 for B. cereus,25.00± 0.00 for S. epidermidis and 18. 17±0.17 for S. pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) is the minimum dose required to inhibit growth a microorganism. Upon further double dilution of the 500mg/ml of M. africana extract, MIC was obtained for each organism. The MIC for E. coli, B. cereus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae were 7.81mg/ml, 7.81mg/ml, 15.63mg/ml and 15.63mg/ml respectively. Crude extracts are considered active when they inhibit microorganisms with zones of inhibition of 8mm and above. Therefore, this study has shown that the ethanol extract of M. africana can control the growth of the four organisms tested.

scholarly journals Interaction of Antimicrobial Peptide Temporin L with Lipopolysaccharide In Vitro and in Experimental Rat Models of Septic Shock Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 2478-2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giacometti ◽  
Oscar Cirioni ◽  
Roberto Ghiselli ◽  
Federico Mocchegiani ◽  
Fiorenza Orlando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Amphibian Skin ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tnf Α

ABSTRACT Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, despite intense efforts to improve survival. The primary lead for septic shock results from activation of host effector cells by endotoxin, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with cell membranes of gram-negative bacteria. For these reasons, the quest for compounds with antiendotoxin properties is actively pursued. We investigated the efficacy of the amphibian skin antimicrobial peptide temporin L in binding Escherichia coli LPS in vitro and counteracting its effects in vivo. Temporin L strongly bound to purified E. coli LPS and lipid A in vitro, as proven by fluorescent displacement assay, and readily penetrated into E. coli LPS monolayers. Furthermore, the killing activity of temporin L against E. coli was progressively inhibited by increasing concentrations of LPS added to the medium, further confirming the peptide's affinity for endotoxin. Antimicrobial assays showed that temporin L interacted synergistically with the clinically used β-lactam antibiotics piperacillin and imipenem. Therefore, we characterized the activity of temporin L when combined with imipenem and piperacillin in the prevention of lethality in two rat models of septic shock, measuring bacterial growth in blood and intra-abdominal fluid, endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentrations in plasma, and lethality. With respect to controls and single-drug treatments, the simultaneous administration of temporin L and β-lactams produced the highest antimicrobial activities and the strongest reduction in plasma endotoxin and TNF-α levels, resulting in the highest survival rates.

scholarly journals Agreement Assessment of Tigecycline Susceptibilities Determined by the Disk Diffusion and Broth Microdilution Methods among Commonly Encountered Resistant Bacterial Isolates: Results from the TigecyclineIn VitroSurveillance in Taiwan (TIST) Study, 2008 to 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1414-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jien-Wei Liu ◽  
Wen-Chien Ko ◽  
Cheng-Hua Huang ◽  
Chun-Hsing Liao ◽  
Chin-Te Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

ABSTRACTThe TigecyclineIn VitroSurveillance in Taiwan (TIST) study, initiated in 2006, is a nationwide surveillance program designed to longitudinally monitor thein vitroactivity of tigecycline against commonly encountered drug-resistant bacteria. This study compared thein vitroactivity of tigecycline against 3,014 isolates of clinically important drug-resistant bacteria using the standard broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods. Species studied included methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA;n= 759), vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faecium(VRE;n= 191), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producingEscherichia coli(n= 602), ESBL-producingKlebsiella pneumoniae(n= 736), andAcinetobacter baumannii(n= 726) that had been collected from patients treated between 2008 and 2010 at 20 hospitals in Taiwan. MICs and inhibition zone diameters were interpreted according to the currently recommended U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria. The MIC90values of tigecycline against MRSA, VRE, ESBL-producingE. coli, ESBL-producingK. pneumoniae, andA. baumanniiwere 0.5, 0.125, 0.5, 2, and 8 μg/ml, respectively. The total error rates between the two methods using the FDA criteria were high: 38.4% for ESBL-producingK. pneumoniaeand 33.8% forA. baumannii. Using the EUCAST criteria, the total error rate was also high (54.6%) forA. baumanniiisolates. The total error rates between these two methods were <5% for MRSA, VRE, and ESBL-producingE. coli. For routine susceptibility testing of ESBL-producingK. pneumoniaeandA. baumanniiagainst tigecycline, the broth microdilution method should be used because of the poor correlation of results between these two methods.

Synthesis,Characterization and Evaluation of Biological Activity of Sulfonylhydrazide-Schiff Base" (E)- N’-(2,5-dimethoxybenzalidene) naphthalene-2-sulfonohydrazide"

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
Sameer Amereih ◽  
Abd Daraghmeh ◽  
Ismail Warad ◽  
Mohammed Al-Nuri
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
13C Nmr Analysis ◽  
Ft Ir

Condensation reaction of naphthalene -2-Sulfonylhydrazide, as starting material with 2,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde was used to produce (E)-N’-(2,5-dimethoxybenzalidene)naphthalene-2-sulfonohydrazide. The Schiff base product was isolated, purified and then spectrally characterized via UV-Vis, GC/MS, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR analysis, where strong evidences confirmed the formation of the desired product. Antimicrobial activity of Schiff base product was evaluated in vitro against several types of bacteria such as: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and MRSA by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test using tetracycline (TE) as a standard antibiotic. The tests showed a promising bacteriostatic effect of this compound against gram negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae, such character is valuable for biological applications.

scholarly journals Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Meropenem against Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii by Myrtaceae Plant Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1168-1176
Author(s):  
Dennapa SAELOH ◽  
Monton VISUTTHI ◽  
Marisa LEEHA ◽  
Surasak LIMSUWAN ◽  
Supayang Piyawan VORAVUTHIKUNCHAI
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Phenotype ◽  
Bacterial Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mic Value

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) has been known as a major cause of nosocomial bacterial infections worldwide. The bacteria are increasingly associated with a broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance, and this has become a widespread concern in a variety of hospitals.Antibiotic development and alternative treatment have become priorities for the treatment of bacterial infections.This study investigated the efficacy of meropenem in combination with five ethanolic extracts of plants in Myrtaceae against extensively drug-resistant (XDR) A. baumannii. The resistant phenotype was previously determined by microdilution method. XDR-A. baumannii strains showed resistance to meropenem with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in a range of 16 - 128 µg/mL, whereas the MIC value of all extracts, including Calistemon lancealatus, Eucalyptus citridora, Rhodomytus tomentasa, Syzygium cumini, and Xanthortemon chrysanthus, was over 1,000 µg/mL. Interestingly, all extracts potentiated the activity of the antibiotic by reducing the MIC values of the antibiotic. Xanthortemon chrysanthus extract displayed excellent synergism against the bacteria by decreasing the MIC value of the drug greater than 8-fold. In addition, the extract, at concentrations of 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1,000 µg/mL, obviously increased the inhibitory effect of meropenem (1/4´MIC) against A. baumannii. The percentage of bacterial growth inhibition by combination was 87.9, 88.8, 91.8, 93.6, 99.9, and 100, respectively. The results supported that the extract could improve the activity of ineffective antibiotics against drug-resistant pathogens.Therefore, the findings may serve as therapeutic options for XDR-A. baumannii infections in the future.

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